Hey Princess

8086 Programs

Sunday 9 October 2011

Shorting (Descending Order) 987654321

Sunday 9 October 2011

Registers Used in this program

AX BX CX

SI

AX and BX Registers are used to do the arithmatic operations CX is the count register ( to keep count of how many numbers are there totally ) SI is the register which holds the address of the memory locations where we are giving the data as input

Sunday 9 October 2011

Program Code

Lets Start with Lines 1 and 2 and 4

Line 1 initializes the value 0 in AX Register Line 2 Puts the value 0003H which is hexadecimal for 3 in the BX register this value is used as a count value, in this program were going to sort 3 elements hence we save 3 in BX In line 4 we are putting the value 3 into the CX register also, because in 8086 the loop instruction depends on the CX register... if the value of CX is not 0 then the loop instruction will jump to whatever part of the code that is assigned to it For Example loop START

0000H

0003H

0003H

this means jump to the part of the program that is labelled START which in this case is line no. 6 this jump will only happen if the value of CX is not 0... if the value of CX is 0 then the line loop START doesnt do anything We use this to our advantage... so now since CX = 3 we can assume that all the loop instructions will be performed 3 times at least... the loop instruction is a combination of 2 instructions 1. decrement CX 2. jump to other part of code

AX BX CX

Sunday 9 October 2011

Program Code
Line 5 moves the value 1200H to SI .... now 1200H is the starting address of the data in the memory location. Line 6 moves the data stored in 1200H to the AX Register

1200H 1202H

74 FF
And sweetie lets assume we have entered the values 74 and FF in the memory location 1200H and 1202H notice we dont store anything in 1201H because the data we are handling is 16 bit and 1200H is an 8bit memory location so the processor automatically uses both 1200H and 1201H to store the 16bit data 1200H(8bit) + 1201H(8bit)

74

0003H

0003H

1200H

AX BX CX

SI

Sunday 9 October 2011

Program Code

Line 7 is going to compare AX, and [SI + 2] In the previous slide we moved SI value to AX that means AX now has 74 then we compare the value of AX with [SI + 2] since SI is 1200H that means SI + 2 = 1202H which basically corresponds to the next memory location and the data there is FF

1200H 1202H

comparing

74 FF

74

0003H

0003H

1200H

AX BX CX

SI

Sunday 9 October 2011

Program Code

Line 8 JNG -> Jump if not greater this line simply sees the result of the previous step and if the value stored in [SI + 2] is not greater than the vaulue stored in AX then jump to LOOP1 In our example FF stands for 255 ok in decimal.. so were comparing FF with 74 and as we can see FF is denitely greater than 74 so the jump does not take place

1200H 1202H

comparing

74 FF

74

0003H

0003H

1200H

AX BX CX
Sunday 9 October 2011

SI

Program Code

Line 9 and 10 This is very simple... XCHG is the instruction for Exchange basically it swaps the value of the 2 operands given to it. Ex: Lets say AX has 27 and BX has 58 XCHG AX, BX so this will put what ever value is there in BX to AX and the value of AX to BX So now AX will have 58 and BX will have 27

1200H 1202H

comparing

74 FF

74

0003H

0003H

1200H

AX BX CX
Sunday 9 October 2011

SI

Program Code
Line 9 and 10 So now in line 9 the value of AX is put in SI +2 and the value of SI + 2 is in AX As shown in below diagram

1200H 1202H

74 74

FF

0003H

0003H

1200H

AX BX CX

SI

Sunday 9 October 2011

Program Code
Line 9 and 10 And in line 10 the value of AX and SI are exchanged so.. AX will have 74 now and SI will have FF

1200H 1202H

FF 74

74

0003H

0003H

1200H

AX BX CX

SI

Sunday 9 October 2011

Program Code

Line 11 Now we go to line 11 where 0002H (hex for 2) is added to SI.. which means SI now points to 1202H

1200H 1202H

FF 74

74

0003H

0003H

1202H

AX BX CX

SI

Sunday 9 October 2011

Program Code

Line 12 and 13 line 12 loop start.. this instruction decrements the value of CX and jumps to the program location START line 13 this instrution decrements BX

1200H 1202H

FF 74

74

0003H

0003H

1202H

AX BX CX

SI

Sunday 9 October 2011

Program Code

Line 12 and 13 line 12 loop start.. this instruction decrements the value of CX and jumps to the program location START line 13 this instrution decrements BX line 14 jump if not zero jnz to STOP life 15 hlt

1200H 1202H

FF 74

74

0003H

0003H

1202H

AX BX CX

SI

Sunday 9 October 2011