PIR BASED ENERGY SAVING SYSTEM

A project Report Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Award of the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING BY B. V.SUBBAIAH K.V.SIVA HARIKA K.SUSIL KUMAR M.G.GIRIDHAR T.SRIKANTH 08JC1A0441 08JC1A0440 08JC1A0437 08JC1A0407 08JC1A0434

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DJR INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (Affiliated to JNT University, Kakinada) Gudavalli (V), Vijayawada-521 104 2010-2011

DJR INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the mini-project entitled PIR BASED ENERGY SAVING SYSTEM is the bonafide record of work done by K.SUSIL KUMAR (08JC1A0437) Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics & Communication Engineering during the academic Year 2010-2011

Head of Department E.C.E Dept

Examiner

A C K NO W L E D G E ME NT
I record with pleasure my deep sense of gratitude to my beloved project guide in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering for her care and concern in completion of my project, I also express deep sense of gratitude and sincere thanks for the utmost guidance and encouragement rendered by her right from the project concept to the preparation of the report. My most sincere graceful acknowledgment to my Head of the department of E.C.E, who give his valuable suggestion for betterment of this project. My most sincere graceful acknowledgements to DJR Institute of Engineering and Technology, and the principal for giving me opportunity to fulfill my aspirations and for successful completion of project. In addition this I am very much obliged by immense sense of gratitude for other honorable staff members of DJRIET, who rendered all possible help and guidance in bringing out the project.

ABSTRACT
The main aim of the project is to conserve energy based on detecting the human body presence in a certain specified area.

Here the Micro controller reads data from designed passive infrared sensor and activates the light and fan controls in the room. We connect our system so that when all the persons in the room leaves the area, the devices in the room are switched off automatically. The infrared transistor detects the infrared rays emitted by the human body subsequently amplified by the op-amp converts into bit 0 or 1 by the comparator. The o/p of comparator connected to the Micro controller. The Micro controller gives an alarm after complete evaluations. So, the Micro controller avoids the wrong alarm by taking two or three readings from the PIR (Passive Infrared).

INDEX

ABSTRACT CONTENT CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2 2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM 2.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM EXPLANATION CHAPTER 3 3.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM EXPLANATION CHAPTER 4 4.1 MICRO CONTROLLER 89C52. 4.2 POWER SUPPLY 4.3 16 X 2 LCD DISPLAY 4.4 PASSIVE INFARARD SENSORE 4.5 THERMISTER 4.6 LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTER (LDR) 4.7 RELAYS DRIVERS CHAPTER 5 5.1 SOFTWARE DISCRIPTION

CHAPTER 6 6.1 ADVANTAGES 6.2 APPLICATIONS 6.3 RESULT CHAPTER 7 7.1 REFERENCES

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
The PIR Sensor Switch can detect the Infrared Rays released by human body. The light or any other electrical appliance can be activated automatically by the active presence of a human body within the detection range / coverage area & when there is no presence the light will be deactivated automatically. In a PIR-based motion detector (usually called a PID, for Passive Infrared Detector), the PIR sensor is typically mounted on a printed circuit board containing the necessary electronics required to interpret the signals from the pyroelectric sensor chip. The complete assembly is contained within a housing mounted in a location where the sensor can view the area to be monitored. Infrared energy is able to reach the pyroelectric sensor through the window because the plastic used is transparent to infrared radiation (but only translucent to visible light). This plastic sheet also prevents the intrusion of dust and/or insects from obscuring the sensor's field of view, and in the case of insects, from generating false alarms. A person entering a monitored area is detected when the infrared energy emitted from the intruder's body is focused by a Fresnel lens or a mirror segment and overlaps a section on the chip that had previously been looking at some much cooler part of the protected area. That portion of the chip is now much warmer than when the intruder wasn't there. As the intruder moves, so does the hot spot on the surface of the chip. This moving hot spot causes the electronics connected to the chip to de-energize the relay, operating its contacts, thereby activating the detection input on the alarm control panel. Conversely, if an intruder were to try to defeat a PID, perhaps by holding some sort of thermal shield between himself and the PID, a corresponding 'cold' spot moving across the face of the chip will also cause the relay to deenergize unless the thermal shield has the same temperature as the objects behind it.

CHAPTER 2

BLOCK DIAGRAM

H U M A N B O D Y

LED DRIVER
PIR SENSOR

LED RELAY-1

RELAY DRIVER RELAY DRIVER

AT89C52

RELAY-2

OSCILLATOR

RESET

BLOCK DIAGRAM EXPLENATION

PIR SENSORE:
A Passive Infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic device that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view. PIR sensors are often used in the construction of PIR-based motion (see below). Apparent motion is detected when an infrared source with one temperature, such as a human, passes in front of an infrared source with another temperature, such as a wall.

All objects above absolute zero emit energy in the form of radiation. Usually infrared radiation is invisible to the human eye but can be detected by electronic devices designed for such a purpose. The term passive in this instance means that the PIR device does not emit an infrared beam but merely passively accepts incoming infrared radiation. Infra meaning below our ability to detect it visually, and Red because this color represents the lowest energy level that our eyes can sense before it becomes invisible. Thus, infrared means below the energy level of the color red, and applies to many sources of invisible energy

MICROCONTROLLER (AT89C52):