Chemistry

1 Reactions that occur under the current conditions without any

outside intervention are
spontaneous
nonspontaneous

2 The driving force of spontaneous reactions is

exothermicity
entropy
enthalpy
endothermicity

3 Entropy is a thermodynamic function that describes the

spontaneous change of a system toward the microstate with the
highest probability of existing.
True
False

4 The type of probability that describes the possible arrangements

of particles in space is __________________ probability.
rational
artificial
positional
reductional

5 Which of the following indicates an increase in entropy?

the giving off of heat
a greater number of particles in the products of a reaction than in the
reactants
a change in state from a solid to a liquid or from a liquid to a gas
an increase in the number of gaseous products
all of the above

6 Which of the following changes of state increases positional

probability? (2 correct)
liquid to solid
solid to liquid
gas to liquid
 liquid to gas

7 Which of the following changes indicate an increase in entropy? (3

correct)
H2O(s) ---> H2O(l)
An increase in the temperature of a gas at constant P.
An increase in the pressure of a gas at constant T.
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 ---> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
A decrease in the volume of a gas at constant T.

8 Which of the following processes would have a negative change in

entropy?
The forming of a sugar solution.
The melting of ice.
The evaporation of 1.0 mL of hexane.
The condensation of 1.0 g of water.
The erosion of a mountain.

9 The second law of thermodynamics states that the amount of

entropy in the universe is
increasing
decreasing
constant

10 A reaction is spontaneous when the change in the entropy of the

universe (2 correct)
shows a decrease
is unchanged
shows an increase
has a negative sign
has a positive sign

11 Entropy changes in the surroundings depends on the

free energy change
number of particles formed in the system
flow of heat
sign of the change in entropy of the system

12 When a system has a favorable change in entropy and the

surroundings has an unfavorable change in entropy the
spontaneity of the reaction will depend upon
the number of particles flowing between the system and surroundings
the temperature
the states of the reactants and products
the complexity of the products
13 The significance (how large an effect) of the exothermicity as a
driving force of a reaction depends on
the temperature at which the process occurs
the pressure at which the process occurs
the volume at which the process occurs
none of the above

14 If the sign of the change in entropy of the surroundings is positive

the change in the system is
exothermic
endothermic

15 Which of the following statements are true regarding the

prediction of the spontaneity of a reaction? (2 correct)
A negative change in free energy always indicates a spontaneous
reaction.
A positive change in the entropy of the universe always indicates a
spontaneous reaction.
A positive change in free energy always indicates a spontaneous
reaction.
A negative change in the entropy of the universe always indicates a
spontaneous reaction.
A negative change in free energy always indicates a spontaneous
reaction under conditions of constant temperature and pressure.

16 Given the equation below, which of the following combinations will

result in a spontaneous reaction at constant T and P? (2 correct)

large positive change in enthalpy and a negative change in entropy at a

low temperature
large positive change in enthalpy and a negative change in entropy at a
high temperature
large, negative change in enthalpy and a negative change in entropy at
a low temperature
large, negative change in enthalpy and a negative change in entropy at
a high temperature
negative change in enthalpy and a positive change in entropy at either
high or low temperatures

17 Entropy ___________ a state function.

is
is not
18 When the change in the standard free energy of a system is equal
to zero
the system is at equilibrium if all reactants and products are in their
standard states
K=1
the relative concentrations of reactants and products will be constant
all of the above

19 When the change in the standard free energy of a system is

greater than zero
the system is not at equilibrium
K <1
the products have more free energy than the reactants
the reaction will tend to shift toward the reactants
all of the above

20 When the change in the standard free energy of a system is less

than zero
the system is not at equilibrium
K>1
the reactants have more free energy than the products
the system will tend to shift toward the products
all of the above

21 The change in the free energy of a system indicates

the maximum amount of work obtainable from a system at constant T
and P when it releases free energy
the minimum amount of energy that needs to be added to
nonspontaneous system at constant temperature and pressure to make
it go
all of the above
none of the above

22 The maximum amount of work released from a spontaneous

reaction at constant T and P is
always obtainable due to the second law
never obtainable due to the second law

23 Real processes are __________________ reversible.

always
sometimes
never