Alcatel-Lucent Evolium Base Station Subsystem 2G-3G Mobility Algorithms - B10

2G-3G Mobility Algorithms - B10 - Page 1
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2008

Alcatel-Lucent Evolium Base
Station Subsystem
2G-3G Mobility Algorithms - B10
STUDENT GUIDE
TMO18003 D0 SG DEN I1.0
Issue 01
All rights reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2008
Passing on and copying of this document, use and communication of its
contents not permitted without written authorization from Alcatel-Lucent
Alcatel-Lucent Evolium Base Station Subsystem
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Terms of Use and Legal Notices
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wear conductive jewelry while working on the products. Always observe all safety precautions and do not work on the
equipment alone.
The equipment used during this course may be electrostatic sensitive. Please observe correct anti-static precautions.
2. Trade Marks
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All rights reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2008
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Please refer to technical practices supplied by Alcatel-Lucent for current information concerning Alcatel-Lucent equipment
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Course Outline
About This Course
Course outline
Technical support
Course objectives
1. Topic/Section is Positioned Here
Xxx
Xxx
Xxx
1. 2G-3G Mobility
1. Objectives of the Mobility Algorithms between 2G and 3G
2. PLMN and Radio Access Technology Selection
3. Cell Selection
4. Cell Reselection from 2G to 3G
5. Handover from 2G to 3G
6. Impacts of 2G3G Mobility on CS and PS Services
6
Course Outline [cont.]
7
Course Objectives
Welcome to 2G-3G Mobility Algorithms - B10
Upon completion of this course, you should be able to:
Describe radio algorithms and radio parameters of the Alcatel-Lucent BSS and UTRAN sub-
systems which are responsible for the mobility between 2G and 3G RAT
Describe the objectives of the mobility algorithms from BSS to UTRAN
Describe how the Network Operator or the User can favor either 2G or 3G at PLMN selection
Describe how the mobile selects a 2G cell or a 3G cell after RAT selection
Describe the 2G radio measurements used for Inter-RAT cell reselection and Inter-RAT
Handover
Describe the phases of cell selection and reselection, the associated 2G algorithms and
parameters
Describe the phases of Inter-RAT handovers, the associated 2G algorithms and parameters
Describe the impact of the Inter-RAT mobility on CS and PS services.
8
Course Objectives [cont.]
9
About this Student Guide
Conventions used in this guide
Where you can get further information
If you want further information you can refer to the following:
Technical Practices for the specific product
Technical support page on the Alcatel website: http://www.alcatel-lucent.com
Note
Provides you with additional information about the topic being discussed.
Although this information is not required knowledge, you might find it useful
or interesting.
Technical Reference
(1) 24.348.98 Points you to the exact section of Alcatel-Lucent Technical
Practices where you can find more information on the topic being discussed.
Warning
Alerts you to instances where non-compliance could result in equipment
damage or personal injury.
10
About this Student Guide [cont.]
11
Self-assessment of Objectives
At the end of each section you will be asked to fill this questionnaire
Please, return this sheet to the trainer at the end of the training
Instructional objectives
Yes (or
globally
yes)
No (or
globally
no)
Comments
1 To be able to XXX

2

Contract number :
Course title :
Client (Company, Center) :
Language : Dates from : to :
Number of trainees : Location :
Surname, First name :
Did you meet the following objectives ?
Tick the corresponding box
Please, return this sheet to the trainer at the end of the training

12
Self-assessment of Objectives [cont.]
Instructional objectives
Yes (or
Globally
yes)
No (or
globally
no)
Comments

Thank you for your answers to this questionnaire
Other comments

Section 1 Module 1 Page 1
3JK11184AAAAWBZZA Issue 01
Do not delete this graphic elements in here:
11
Module 1
Objectives of the Mobility Algorithms between 2G and 3G
Section 1
2G-3G Mobility
Issue 01
Alcatel-Lucent Evolium Base Station Subsystem 2G-3G Mobility Algorithms - B10
2G-3G Mobility Objectives of the Mobility Algorithms between 2G and 3G
1 1 2
Blank Page
First edition Last name, first name YYYY-MM-DD 01
Remarks Author Date Edition
Document History
1 1 3
Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
Describe the objectives of the radio algorithms implemented in BSS and
UTRAN in order to manage the mobility of the user in the network
1 1 4
Module Objectives [cont.]
1 1 5
Table of Contents
Page
1 Presentation of the Objectives 7
1.1 Providing Access to the Service 8
1.2 Providing Continuity of Service 9
1.3 Providing the Required Quality for the Service 10
2 Radio Algorithm Parameters Setting 11
2.1 Distribution of Mono-Mode 2G / Bi-Mode 2G-3G Users 12
2.2 Density of 3G Sites Compared to 2G 13
2.3 Call Mix for CS and PS Services 14
1 1 6
Table of Contents [cont.]
1 1 7
1 Presentation of the Objectives
1 1 8
1.1 Providing Access to the Service
Sufficient coverage, resource and quality
2G
RAT
3G
RAT
BEST COVERAGE
BEST RESOURCE
BEST QUALITY
BEST COVERAGE
BEST QUALITY
The first objective of the 2G-3G mobility is to provide every time and everywhere the access to the service
with the best possible coverage, quality and resource availability.
RAT: Radio Access Technology
1 1 9
1.2 Providing Continuity of Service
In case of 3G coverage holes, the 2G layer is used to provide continuity
of service:
3G border areas
Indoor
Site delay
HO
3G coverage
2G coverage Sub-urban area
3G
BTS
3G coverage
Hole!
2G coverage
3G
2G
only
Another objective of the 2G-3G mobility/interoperability is to provide continuity of service.
1 1 10
1.3 Providing the Required Quality for the Service
Strategy is to keep 3G subscribers on 3G layer:
to guarantee a good bit rate for PS service
to promote 3G
to limit impact on 2G network
3G
2G
3G
T
O
D
A
Y
T
O
D
A
Y
T
O
D
A
Y
T
O
D
A
Y
A
V
A
IL
A
B
L
E
!
A
V
A
IL
A
B
L
E
!
A
V
A
IL
A
B
L
E
!
A
V
A
IL
A
B
L
E
!
COVERED
CITY !
COVERED
CITY !
Even if this training covers only 2G- to-3G scenarios, these objectives can be fully reached only if entire 2G-
3G mobility is available (2G to 3G and 3G to 2G).
Concerning the limitation of the impact on 2G, we deal with the case where the 2G network is already
highly loaded.
1 1 11
2 Radio Algorithm Parameters Setting
1 1 12
2.1 Distribution of Mono-Mode 2G / Bi-Mode 2G-3G Users
As the strategy is to keep bi-mode MS on 3G cells, in case of high 3G MS
penetration (> 50% for example), 3G cells can be overloaded.
So, it is necessary to use other criteria to unload 3G areas:
Only 3G MSs performing data transfer are kept on 3G cells.
VIDEO
running
CALL
29604765
Peter Falk
VIDEO
running
VIDEO
running
VIDEO
running
CALL
29604765
Peter Falk
CALL
29604765
Peter Falk
3G
2G
A compromise has to be found: Keep 3G MS on 3G area.
But if there are too many 3G MSs or too much traffic, then 2G is preferred for Voice.
1 1 13
2 Radio Algorithm Pparameters Setting
2.2 Density of 3G Sites Compared to 2G
The density of the 3G sites also has to be taken into account.
Particularly if the traffic is High (anyway, in case of low traffic, the 3G
is preferred).
HIGH TRAFFIC
LOW 3G DENSITY
HIGH TRAFFIC
HIGH 3G DENSITY
3G
3G
CS
traffic
PS
traffic
CS
traffic
See above:
Depend on 3G MS penetration
CALL
29604765
Peter Falk
2G
2G
3G
VIDEO
running ?
If the traffic is:
low, all bi-mode MSs can stay on 3G.
High with:
low 3G coverage, 2G area will be preferred for voice while 3G area will be preferred for Data.
High 3G coverage, it will depend on 3G MS penetration: if the 3G MS penetration is low, all traffic
(CS + PS) can be kept on 3G area.
High
traffic ?
High 3G
penetration ?
High 3G
coverage ?
Voice
?
Bimode MS
3G 2G
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
1 1 14
2.3 Call Mix for CS and PS Services
Due to the importance of Bit Rates for PS services, if everybody cannot
be kept on 3G cell for one or several of the reasons seen before, PS
traffic will be preferred
IN ORDER TO REACH THE OBJECTIVES MENTIONED AT THE BEGINNING
OF THIS CHAPTER.
If ensuring a good quality is not possible or if there is not enough space for everybody on 3G layer, then
only PS traffic will be kept, while CS traffic will be sent on 2G layer if possible.
1 1 15
Exercise
In the table below, on which RAT should the CS and PS services of bi-
mode users be favored?
Possible answers:
On 3G for CS and PS
On 2G for CS and PS
On 3G for PS, On 2G for CS
On 3G for CS, On 2G for PS
Depends on
Density of 3G
Sites
3G Traffic
Same as 2G
Lower than 2G
HIGH LOW
2G RAT 3G RAT
1 1 16
Self-assessment on the Objectives
Please be reminded to fill in the form
Self-Assessment on the Objectives
for this module
The form can be found in the first part
of this course documentation
1 1 17
End of Module
Objectives of the Mobility Algorithms between 2G and 3G

12
Module 2
PLMN and Radio Access Technology Selection
Section 1
2G-3G Mobility
TMO18003 D SG DEN I1.0
Issue 01
2G-3G Mobility PLMN and Radio Access Technology Selection
1 2 2
Blank Page
Document History
1 2 3
Module Objectives
Describe how the network operator or the user can give priority to an RAT
rather than to another one
1 2 4
1 2 5
Table of Contents
Page
1 Data Stored in the USIM 7
1.1 List 8
1.2 Management and Usage 9
2 PLMN and RAT Selection Algorithm 11
2.1 Switch on 12
2.2 Automatic Mode 13
2.3 Manual Mode 14
1 2 6
1 2 7
1 Data Stored in the USIM
1 2 8
1.1 List
User-Controlled PLMN Selector data field
Operator-Controlled PLMN Selector list
User-Controlled PLMN Selector list
Access Technology identifier (e.g. UTRAN or GERAN)
Registered PLMN
Group of equivalent PLMNs (to the registered one in case of shared PLMN)
Forbidden PLMN data field** (may be extended in ME* memory)
Interval between attempts (for periodic network selection attempts)
Population number (Access Class 0 to 9 randomly allocated)
Special category(ies) (PLMN Staff, Emergency Services, etc.)
A User-Controlled PLMN Selector data field exists on the USIM to allow the user to indicate a preference
for network selection.
A list of preferred networks controlled by the user.
A list of preferred networks controlled by the operator.
An Access technology Identifier to identify the preferred RAT.
The registered PLMN (on which the mobile is camping) is also stored.
If registration is unsuccessful, the UE shall ensure that there is no registered PLMN stored in the SIM/USIM.
It shall also be possible to indicate to the UE that a group of PLMNs are equivalent to the registered PLMN
regarding PLMN selection, cell selection/re-selection and handover (case of shared PLMN).
* ME: Mobile Equipment
** Another forbidden list is stored in ME: Forbidden PLMNs for GPRS service
1 2 9
1.2 Management and Usage
User-Controlled PLMN Selector data field
My preferred Network
My preferred
Networks list:
Net1 GERAN
Net2 GERAN *
Net3 GERAN
Net1 UTRAN
Net4 UTRAN
Operator preferred
Networks list:
Net4 UTRAN
Net1 UTRAN
Net4 GERAN
Net1 GERAN
Net3 GERAN Operator-Controlled
PLMN Selector list
User-Controlled PLMN Selector list
Access Technology identifier
USIM
Under user
control
Under operator
control
My camping PLMN
Under UE / Network control
Equivalence
with
Registered
PLMN
Registered
PLMN
identity
User-Controlled PLMN Selector data field can be updated by the subscriber.
Operator-Controlled PLMN Selector data field can be updated by the operator.
Preferred PLMNs in priority order (multiple occurrences possible with different Access Technology
identifiers).
1 2 10
1.2 Management and Usage [cont.]
15 (Staff) , 14 (Emergency)
Forbidden PLMN data field
USIM
Under operator
control
POP 7
Under UE / Network
control
PLMN Bozou
18 minutes
Population number
Interval between
attempts
Special categories
Population number:
Under specific circumstances (and not under normal operating conditions). For example, during states of
emergency, or where 1 out of 2 or more co-located PLMNs has failed, it will be desirable to prevent UE
users from making access attempts (including emergency call) or responding to pages in specified area.
The class(es) of subscribers barred from network access should be broadcast on cell basis.
The network operator can prevent overload of the access channel under critical conditions.
Each UE is member of one randomly allocated mobile populations, defined as Access Classes 0 to 9.
In addition, mobiles may be members of one out of 5 (or more) special categories (Access Classes 11 to 15).
These are allocated to specific high-priority users as follows. (The enumeration is not meant as a priority
sequence):
Special Categories:
Class15-PLMN Staff; Class14-Emergency Services; Class13-Public Utilities (e.g. water/gas suppliers); Class12-
Security Services; Class11-For PLMN Use.
An additional control bit known as "Access Class 10" indicates if network access for Emergency Calls is
allowed for UEs with access classes 0 to 9 or without an IMSI.
Forbidden PLMN Data Field:
When a registration attempt by the UE is rejected by a network with an indication of "permanent" PLMN
restriction, the PLMN identity shall be written to a list of "Forbidden PLMNs".
Interval between attempts:
Interval between which periodic network selection shall be attempted. Shall be between 6 minutes and 8
hours, with a step size of 6 minutes. One value is designated to indicate that no periodic attempts shall be
made.
In the absence of a permitted value in the SIM/USIM, or the SIM/USIM is phase 1 and therefore does not
contain the datafield, then a default value of 60 minutes shall be used by the UE.
(Ref: 3GPP TS 22.011)
1 2 11
2 PLMN and RAT Selection Algorithm
1 2 12
2.1 Switch on
The MS supports both manual and automatic modes.
The MS switches on: the last mode is selected by default.
The user can switch from one mode to another at any time.
The selected and available PLMNs are displayed.
Normal operation
Switch On
or
Coverage
coming back
Registered
PLMN present
In USIM
Covered by
Registered PLMN
New
LA
LU
Registration
success
Network
selection
Equivalent
Automatic
Or
Manual
mode
../..
Y
N
Y Y Y
N
N
N
Y
1 2 13
2.2 Automatic Mode
The MS selects and attempts registration on other PLMNs:
HPLMN
+ preferred RAT
in specified
order
"User-Controlled
PLMN Selector with
RAT
"Operator-
Controlled PLMN
Selector with
RAT"
Other PLMN
/RAT with Sufficient
Quality (random
Order)
Other
PLMN/RAT with best
quality
No Registered
or equivalent
PLMN coverage
Registration
N N
N
N
No Service
displayed
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
To be selected, a PLMN must not be in the Forbidden PLMN data field of the SIM/USIM or in the extension
of this field in the Mobile memory.
At least one cell identified as belonging to the PLMN must support the voice service.
1 2 14
2.3 Manual Mode
The MS indicates all available PLMNs, the forbidden ones inclusive, in
the same order as for the selection in Automatic mode:
HPLMN
PLMNs of "User-Controlled PLMN Selector" data field
PLMNs of "Operator-Controlled PLMN Selector" data field
PLMN/RAT combinations with sufficient received signal level
PLMN/access technology combinations in order of decreasing signal strength
N u l l S w i t c h o n , n o S I M
S w i t c h o n w i t h S I M
Y e s
S I M i n s e r t e d
S e l e c t
r e g i s t e r e d
P L M N
I s
t h e r e a
R P L M N
?
N o S I M
N o
T r y i n g
R P L M N
C
R e g i s t r a t i o n
s u c c e s s
f a i l u r e
A B
I n d i c a t e
s e l e c t e d
P L M N
L U r e s p o n s e
" R o a m i n g
n o t a l l o w e d "
E A
T r y i n g
P L M N
O n V P L M N
a n d t i m e o u t
o c c u r s
D
A
Y e s
e s
A n y
a l l o w a b l e
P L M N s
a v a i l a b l e
?
O n P L M N
C
L o s s o f r a d i o
c o v e r a g e o f
s e l e c t e d P L M N * *
S e l e c t f i r s t *
P L M N i n l i s t
S e l e c t n e x t *
P L M N i n l i s t
U s e r
r e - s e l e c t i o n
s u c c e s s f u l
f a i l u r e , m o r e i n l i s t
B
f a i l u r e , n o m o r e
i n l i s t
D
M o v e l a s t
s e l e c t e d P L M N
t e m p o r a r i l y i n t o
l i s t
N o
A n y
P L M N s
& a l l o w a b l e
?
a v a i l a b l e
S e l e c t R P L M N
o r H P L M N i f
n o n e
H i g h e r p r i o r i t y
P L M N P L M N s e a r c h
G
P L M N
b a c k g r o u n d
s e a r c h
P L M N n o t P L M N f o u n d
E
A
Y e s
C
S e l e c t f i r s t
a v a i l a b l e a n d
a l l o w a b l e P L M N
i n l i s t
A G
N o
W a i t f o r
P L M N s
t o a p p e a r
P L M N a v a i l a b l e
a n d a l l o w a b l e
a n d a l l o w a b l e ,
w h i c h i s n o t
R P L M N
E A
R e g i s t e r e d
S w i t c h O f f
S I M r e m o v e d
o r i n v a l i d S I M
U s e r r e s e l e c t i o n
f o u n d
N u l l S w i t c h o n , n o S I M
Y e s
S e l e c t
r e g i s t e r e d
P L M N
I s
t h e r e a
R P L M N
?
N o S I M
N o
T r y i n g
R P L M N
C
s u c c e s s
f a i l u r e
A B
I n d i c a t e
s e l e c t e d
P L M N
L U r e s p o n s e
" R o a m i n g
E A
T r y i n g
P L M N
O n V P L M N
a n d t i m e o u t
o c c u r s
D
A
Y e s
e s
A n y
a l l o w a b l e
P L M N s
a v a i l a b l e
?
O n P L M N
C
c o v e r a g e o f
P L M N i n l i s t
P L M N i n l i s t
U s e r
s u c c e s s f u l
B
i n l i s t
D
M o v e l a s t
l i s t
N o
A n y
P L M N s
& a l l o w a b l e
?
a v a i l a b l e
o r H P L M N i f
n o n e
G
P L M N
b a c k g r o u n d
s e a r c h
E
A
Y e s
C
i n l i s t
Y e s
S e l e c t
r e g i s t e r e d
P L M N
I s
t h e r e a
R P L M N
?
N o S I M
N o
T r y i n g
R P L M N
C
s u c c e s s
f a i l u r e
A B
I n d i c a t e
s e l e c t e d
P L M N
L U r e s p o n s e
" R o a m i n g
E A
T r y i n g
P L M N
O n V P L M N
a n d t i m e o u t
o c c u r s
D
A
Y e s
e s
A n y
a l l o w a b l e
P L M N s
a v a i l a b l e
?
O n P L M N
C
c o v e r a g e o f
P L M N i n l i s t
P L M N i n l i s t
U s e r
s u c c e s s f u l
B
i n l i s t
D
M o v e l a s t
l i s t
N o
A n y
P L M N s
& a l l o w a b l e
?
a v a i l a b l e
o r H P L M N i f
n o n e
G
P L M N
b a c k g r o u n d
s e a r c h
E
A
Y e s
C
i n l i s t
A G
N o
W a i t f o r
P L M N s
t o a p p e a r
a n d a l l o w a b l e
a n d a l l o w a b l e ,
w h i c h i s n o t
R P L M N
E A
R e g i s t e r e d
S w i t c h O f f
S I M r e m o v e d
o r i n v a l i d S I M
U s e r r e s e l e c t i o n
f o u n d
1 2 15
Exercise
What are the 3 entities capable of decision for RAT selection?
What are the different fields present in SIM/USIM?
1 2 16
for this module
1 2 17
End of Module
PLMN and Radio Access Technology Selection

13
Module 3
Cell Selection
Section 1
2G-3G Mobility
Issue 01
2G-3G Mobility Cell Selection
1 3 2
Blank Page
Document History
1 3 3
Module Objectives
Describe the Alcatel-Lucent BSS and UTRAN radio algorithms responsible for
2G cell selection and 3G cell selection
1 3 4
1 3 5
Table of Contents
Page
1 2G Cell Selection Algorithm 7
1.1 Principle 8
1.2 Parameters 9
1.3 Algorithm 10
2 3G Cell Selection Algorithm 11
2.1 Principle 12
2.2 Parameters 14
2.3 Algorithms 15
1 3 6
1 3 7
1 2G Cell Selection Algorithm
1 3 8
1.1 Principle
At startup (IMSI Attach), the MS selects a cell with best C1
Once camped on one cell (in idle mode)
the MS can decide to reselect another cell if:
the C1 criterion is too low.
the MS cannot decode downlink messages.
the current cell has become forbidden (e.g. barred).
the MS cannot access the cell.
there is a better cell, regarding the C2 criterion (as seen in reselection
section).
1 3 9
1.2 Parameters
The C1 criterion ensures that, if a call is attempted, it will be made
with a sufficient downlink and uplink received level.
The C1 criterion is based on 2 parameters, broadcast on BCCH:
RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN [dBm]
minimum level to access the cell
MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH [dBm]
maximum level for MS emitting
1 3 10
1.3 Algorithm
The C1 criterion is evaluated every 5 seconds (minimum):
C1 = A - MAX(0,B) > 0
A = RxLev - RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN
assess that the MS received level is sufficient
B = MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH - P
P maximum power of MS
assess that the BTS received level will be sufficient
if MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH < P
If A > 0 & B < 0 OK, if B > 0, it can be compensated by A
A >> 0 means that the MS is closer to the BTS
1 3 11
1 3 12
2.1 Principle
In 3G, a cell is not defined only with a frequency but with both
frequency and Scrambling Code (SC).
The cell search procedure is performed by the UE in 3 steps:
Slot synchronization
Using Primary Synchronization Channel (PSCH)
- The same PSCH is used over all the system.
- The Pick in the band with the best signal level is selected.
Frame synchronization and code-group identification
Using Secondary Synchronization Channel (SSCH).
- SSCH is different from one cell to another.
Scrambling-code identification
The UE determines the scrambling code used by the cell (symbol-by-symbol
correlation over the CPICH with all codes within the code group identified in the
second step).
The primary scrambling code has been identified.
The Primary CCPCH can be detected.
The system and cell specific BCH information can be read.
BUT IS IT THE BEST CELL? IS A RESELECTION NECESSARY?
If the conditions for selection (Level and Quality) are not fulfilled,
then
the "pick" in the band with the second best signal level is selected... Etc.
1 3 13
2.1 Principle [cont.]
Depending on the signal strength and quality level, the UE will decide
to perform or not a reselection.
For this reselection, the UE can search for a cell over:
the same frequency (IntraFreq): here in blue (other scrambling code)
different frequencies (InterFreq): here in red
all available frequencies (including 2G): here in green
Access
pending PSCH
SSCH x
P
S
C
H
S
S
C
H

z
PSCH
SSCH y
GSM
1 3 14
2.2 Parameters
To decide for level and quality:
Qqualmin
Qrxlevmin
sibMaxAllowedUlTxPowerOnRach
To decide for reselection:
sIntraSearch
sInterSearch
sSearchRatGsm
Squal = CPICH_Ec/No - qQualMin
sIntraSearch
sInterSearch
sSearchRatGsm
Measurement
on same
frequency
Measurement
on other
frequencies
Measurement
on other RAT
Good
Bad
These parameters
do not concern
BSS but UTRAN tuning
1 3 15
2.3 Algorithms
Cell Selected if:
Squal > 0 CPICH_Ec/No > QqualMin
and
Srxlev > 0 CPICH_RSCP > Qrxlevmin + Pcompensation
With:
Squal = Qqualmeas Qqualmin
Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas Qrxlevmin Pcompensation
Pcompensation = max (sibMaxAllowedUlTxPowerOnRach P_MAX, 0)
Pcompensation is an uplink constraint.
Indeed, the cell is disadvantaged if the class of the UE doesnt allow it to
transmit over sibMaxAllowedUlTxPowerOnRach.
P_MAX depends on the UE class (see notes).
The measured Quality (Qqualmeas) is called CPICH_Ec/No.
The measured Level (Qrxlevmeas) is called CPICH_RSCP.
P_MAX depends on the UE Class
+21 dBm 4
+24 dBm 3
+27 dBm 2
+33 dBm 1
P_MAX UE Class
1 3 16
2.3 Algorithms [cont.]
The UE looks for another cell to select:
inside the same frequency (intraFreq)
IF Squal sIntraSearch
Over other FDD frequencies (interFreq)
IF Squal sInterSearch
Over frequencies of other RAT (interRat)
IF Squal sSearchRatGsm
+21 dBm 4
+24 dBm 3
+27 dBm 2
+33 dBm 1
P_MAX UE Class
1 3 17
Exercise
Case 1: After 2G RAT selection
Which cell is the selected one among those proposed in the table below?
2W MS
RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN = -95 dBm
MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH = 30 dBm
RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN -99 -90 -90 -95
MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH 39 33 30 33
-88
-89
-91
CELL3
2G
-81 -90 -87 Case 3
-83 -99 -87 Case 2
-92
CELL2
2G
-90 -95 Case 1
CELL4
2G
CELL1
2G
CELL
MEASUREMENT
Access
pending
?
1 3 18
Exercise
Case 2: After 3G RAT selection
Which cell is the selected one among all those that are proposed in the table
below?
QqualMin =
QrxlevMin =
sibMaxAllowedUlTxPowerOnRach = 26
CELL3
3G
UE Class 2
UE Class 1
CPICH_Ec/N0
CELL2
3G
UE Class 4
CPICH_RSCP
CELL4
2G
CELL1
3G
CELL
MEASUREMENT
1 3 19
for this module
1 3 20
End of Module
Cell Selection
14
Module 4
Cell Reselection from 2G to 3G
Section 1
2G-3G Mobility
Issue 01
2G-3G Mobility Cell Reselection from 2G to 3G
1 4 2
Blank Page
Document History
1 4 3
Module Objectives
Describe the Alcatel-Lucent BSS radio algorithms responsible for 2G to 3G cell
reselection and the related parameters
Estimate the impact of a parameter value modification
1 4 4
1 4 5
Table of Contents
Page
1 System Information and Packet System Information Messages 7
1.1 Where and When? 8
1.2 What in SI2ter? 9
1.3 What in SI2quarter? 10
1.4 What in PSI3quarter? 11
2 Inter-RAT Measurements 12
2.1 What Is Measured? 13
2.2 2G MS States Impacting 3G Reselection 14
2.3 NC2 Activation Impact on 3G Reselection 15
2.4 When Is 2G to 3G Cell Reselection Enabled ? 16
2.5 When Is 3G Cell Sought After? 17
3 2G to 3G Cell Reselection Algorithm 20
3.1 Algorithm 21
3.1 Summary 22
4 Fast 3G Reselection 23
4.1 Objective 24
4.2 Principle 25
1 4 6
1 4 7
1 System Information and Packet System
Information Messages
1 4 8
1 System Information and Packet System Information Messages
1.1 Where and When?
2G to 3G MS autonomous cell reselection is supported in NC0 for:
Circuit Idle mode.
Packet Idle mode.
Packet transfer mode.
The MFS and BSC shall know UMTS frequencies. Frequencies and useful
parameters must be broadcast to Mobiles.
The BSS schedules:
SI2ter and/or SI2quarter (with or without Extended BCCH) for that.
PSI3quarter too if PBCCH is available.
Location (SI2ter or SI2quarter) is given by flags in SI3 and depends on
(see notes)
2G/TD-SCDMA (3G TDD) networks Inter-operability is possible from B10.
B10
SI: System Information
EN_2G_TO_3G
CELL_RESELECTION
0
Is 2G TO 3G Cell Reselection Enabled?
Nb of UTRAN FDD
neighbor frequency
to describe 1
Nb of UTRAN TDD
neighbor frequency
to describe 1
CELL
EVOLIUM
CELL
EVOLIUM
Nothing SI2quarter SI2ter
At least one 3G frequency to describe?
Cell is not an Evolium one?
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N N Y
N
PSI3quarter
Nb of UTRAN FDD
neighbor frequency
to describe 1
EN_2G_TO_3G
CELL_RESELECTION
= 1 or 2
Master PDCH
Is
present
Y
Y
Y
1 4 9
1.2 What in SI2ter?
Up to 3 FDD frequencies
FDD_ARFCN (known as UARFCN in 3GPP)
3G Measurement Parameters Description
Qsearch_I (Search or not for 3G cells in Idle mode)
FDD_Qoffset (Offset added to Received Level Average of GSM cells)
FDD_Qmin (Minimum Ec/No Threshold for 3G cell reselection)
In addition, Qsearch_P_PTM is sent in PMO with PACCH (see note).
Note:
A 3G cell is completely defined by a Frequency and a Primary scrambling code (refer to the 3G Cell
Selection Algorithm chapter).
As only the frequencies are provided, the MS will have to detect which Scrambling codes are used in the 3G
neighbor cells (blind search procedure).
In addition, a flag 3G_BA_IND (toggle) informs the MS each time a change of frequencies occurs in the list.
(this is not a settable parameter)
PTM: Packet Transfer Mode (GPRS/EGPRS)
PACCH is the Associated Control Channel used in GPRS mode for signaling purposes.
PMO is the Packet Measurement Order message sent to the MS when entering in PTM (when NC2 is
activated).
1 4 10
1.3 What in SI2quarter?
Up to 3 FDD frequencies and/or 3 TDD frequencies
FDD_ARFCN_LIST / TDD_ARFCN_LIST
3G Measurement Parameters
Qsearch_I
FDD_Qoffset
FDD_Qmin
TDD_Qoffset (Offset added to Received Level Average of GSM cells)
GPRS 3G Measurement Parameters Description (if there is no PBCCH)
Qsearch_P (Search or not for 3G cells in GPRS)
SEARCH_3G_PRIO (Search for 3G cells in priority) (see note)
3G Additional Measurement Parameters
(Available only if EN_CPICH_2G_3G_Reselection = 1)
FDD_Qmin_Offset (Offset added to FDD_Qmin value)
FDD_RSCPmin (Minimum RSCP threshold for 3G cell reselection)
B10
The MS shall attempt to check the BSIC for as many non-serving cell BCCH carriers as possible and as often
as possible, and at least every 10 seconds.
A multi-RAT MS is allowed to extend this period to 13 seconds in order to monitor FDD cells.
(the MS may use search frames that are not required for BSIC decoding for that).
IF the neighbor cell list contains cells from other RATs
AND
IF SEARCH_3G_PRIO = 1
THEN
The MS may search 3G cells more frequently than if SEARCH_3G_PRIO = 0
So, SEARCH_3G_PRIO forces the MS to search either for more 2G cells or more 3G cells.
The 3 following parameters appear in B10:
FDD_Qmin_Offset:
Used with FDD_Qmin parameter so that Rel-5 onwards mobiles can put some dBs offset (0 to 14) to
FDD_Qmin value. It makes sufficient quality UTRAN coverage look larger to Rel-5 onwards MSs using GERAN
cell
FDD_RSCPmin:
Gives the MS the minimum threshold of RSCP for 3G cell reselection (-84 to 114 dBm)
EN_CPICH_2G_3G_RESELECTION:
0: Only Ec/No measurement is used.
1: CPICH Ec/No and RSCP measurements must be used.
In addition, 2G/TD-SCDMA (3G TDD) networks Inter-operability is possible from B10.
1 4 11
1.4 What in PSI3quarter?
Up to 3 FDD frequencies
FDD_ARFCN_LIST
3G MEASUREMENT Parameters
FDD_GPRS_Qoffset (= FDD_Qoffset in B9 MR0)
FDD_Qmin
Qsearch_P (= Qsearch_I in B9 MR0)
1 4 12
2 Inter-RAT Measurements
1 4 13
2.1 What Is Measured?
An MS camping on a 2G cell measures 2 characteristics of 3G cells:
CPICH Ec/No: the received energy per chip divided by the power density in
the band:
mostly determined by the system load.
can be seen as Interference level.
AND IF EN_CPICH_2G_3G_Reselection = 1
CPICH RSCP (Received Signal Code Power: the received power on one code
measured on the Primary CPICH:
gives an indication about coverage.
can be seen as level strength.
CPICH RSCP measurement appears from B10 in order to avoid ping-pong
(see notes)
B10
In B9, only CPICH Ec/No is taken into account by the MS to decide for 3G reselection.
It can trigger reselection on a 3G cell with a bad CPICH RSCP. The MS comes back.
This situation leads to 2G-3G ping-pong.
In B10, the MS measures the 3G cell CPICH RSCP too and triggers reselection only if both CPICH Ec/No and
CPICH RSCP are good.
There is no more 2G-3G ping-pong.
EN_CPICH_2G_3G_Reselection appears in B10.
1 4 14
2 Inter-RAT measurements
2.2 2G MS States Impacting 3G Reselection
GPRS idle mode or Standby mode:
Either the MS is GPRS detached (unknown in SGSN) and only IMSI attached
(GSM)(*).
Or the MIS is GPRS attached but TREADY is expired (**).
GPRS Ready PIM:
The MS is GPRS attached and T_READY is running.
GPRS Ready PTM:
The MS is transferring packet data.
STANDBY PTM PIM STANDBY
t
TBF running T_READY
IDLE
(*) (**)
T_READY is an SGSN parameter.
1 4 15
2.3 NC2 Activation Impact on 3G Reselection
NC2 can be:
De-activated (NETWORK_CONTROL_ORDER = 0)
=> MS autonomous reselection in all cases
Activated (NETWORK_CONTROL_ORDER = 2)
during PTM only (NC2_DEACTIVATION_MODE = 0)
during PTM and PIM (NC2_DEACTIVATION_MODE = 1)
NC0 NC0 / NC2 NC0 NC2 / NC0
t
IDLE
NC0
1 4 16
2.4 When Is 2G to 3G Cell Reselection Enabled ?
It depends on EN_2G_TO_3G_CELL_RESELECTION (see note)
0: Disabled
0: Enabled
but 3G cell is not necessarily sought after
EN_2G_TO_3GTDD_CELL_RESELECTION (for TDD network)
1 4 17
2.5 When Is 3G Cell Sought After?
It depends on 3 parameters:
EN_2G_TO_3G_CELL_RESELECTION (see note)
NC2_DEACTIVATION_MODE
Qsearch
EN_2G_TO_3G_CELL_RESELECTION
(used here to choose the 3G search activation mode)
= 1: Yes even if the MS is in GMM Ready state
= 2: Yes except if the MS is in GMM Ready state
= 3: Yes even if the MS is in GMM Ready state and Network_Control_Order > 1
(NC2 is used)
In this case, NC2 will be automatically deactivated when entering in PTM.
Value 3 should be used only in case of good 3G coverage.
TEST IT !
B10
EN_2G_TO_3GTDD_CELL_RESELECTION for TDD network
Value 3 for EN_2G_TO_3G_CELL_RESELECTION and EN_2G_TO_3GTDD_CELL_RESELECTION appears in B10.
1 4 18
2.5 When Is 3G Cell Sought After? [cont.]
If the 3G search is activated (previous slide), it is really actual only if
the level received by the MS from the 2G serving cell is below or above
the Qsearch threshold.
-47 -98 -50 -54 -70 -74 -78 -110
RXlev
Always Never
Search 3G IF Rxlev DL >
Search 3G IF Rxlev DL <
0 1 2 3 5 4 6
8 9
7
10 13 12 14 11
15
Qsearch tuning areas
Coded values :
Low High
Coded value (binary): Value (dBm): Text displayed at OMC level
0 -98 -98 dBm (below)
1 -94 -94 dBm (below)
2 -90 -90dBm (below)
3 -86 -86dBm (below)
4 -82 -82 dBm (below)
5 -78 -78 dBm (below)
6 -74 -74 dBm (below)
7 -70 Always search for 3G neighbor cells
8 -78 -78 dBm (above)
9 -74 -74 dBm (above)
10 -70 -70 dBm (above)
11 -66 -66 dBm (above)
12 -62 -62 dBm (above)
13 -58 -58 dBm (above)
14 -54 -54 dBm (above)
15 -50 Never search for 3G neighbor cells
1 4 19
2.5 When Is 3G Cell Sought After? [cont.]
But Qsearch can take different values depending on the MS state:
Qsearch_I in Idle mode (SI2ter & SI2quarter)
Qsearch_P in GPRS (SI2quarter)
Qsearch_P_PTM in PTM (PACCH)
Note that Qsearch_P_PTM is sent to the MS in Packet Measurement Order (PMO)
when entering in Packet Transfer Mode (PTM) and is by default set to 50 (never
search).
Qsearch_I Qsearch_P_PTM Qsearch_P Qsearch_I
t
IDLE
When NC2 is used, 3G cell monitoring is systematically deactivated in PTM: Q_search_P is set to Never in
the PMO(NC2) at DL TBF establishment.
3G cells can be monitored in PTM even when NC2 is not used for some UEs.
and
is set to Enabled with 3G search activated while the UE/MS is in GMM ready state:
so
Q_search_P is set to Q_search_P_PTM (default: never search) in the PMO at DL TBF establishment.
1 4 20
3 2G to 3G Cell Reselection Algorithm
1 4 21
3.1 Algorithm
The MS reselects a 3G cell IF for a period of 5s:
CPICH RSCP (3G) > RLA (2G) + FDD_Qoffset if MS is in CS mode
or
CPICH RSCP (3G) > RLA (2G) + FDD_GPRS_Qoffset if MS is in PS mode
for 2G serving and all suitable 2G neighbors (see note)
AND
CPICH Ec/No (3G) FDD_Qmin - FDD_Qmin_Offset
AND
CPICH RSCP (3G) FDD_RSCPmin
if FDD_RSCPmin is broadcast (EN_CPICH_2G_3G_RESELECTION = 1)
else, this criterion is not effective
Anti Ping-Pong: In case a cell reselection occurs within the previous 15
seconds, FDD_Qoffset is increased by 5 dB.
B10
"Suitable 2G neighbors" means the 2G cells the MS can reselect (received level > RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN, not
barred, BCCH decodable, etc. ). See 2G to 2G Reselection in the GSM Radio Fine Tuning training.
The 3 following parameters appear in B10:
FDD_Qmin_Offset:
Used with FDD_Qmin parameter so that Rel-5 onwards mobiles can put some dBs offset (0 to 14) to
FDD_Qmin value. It makes sufficient quality UTRAN coverage look larger to Rel-5 onwards MSs using GERAN
cell.
FDD_RSCPmin:
Gives the MS the minimum threshold of RSCP for 3G cell re-selection (-84 to 114 dBm).
EN_CPICH_2G_3G_RESELECTION:
0: Only Ec/No measurement is used.
1: CPICH Ec/No and RSCP measurements must be used.
1 4 22
3.1 Summary
To reselect a 3G cell, 5 conditions must be met:
The reselection must be Enabled for the mode corresponding to the state of
the MS.
The 3G search must be active (depends on the 2G serving received level).
Qsearch_X
The 3 radio conditions of the reselection algorithm must be met.
FDD_Qoffset FDD_GPRS_Qoffset FDD_Qmin FDD_Qmin_Offset FDD_RSCPmin
B10
1 4 23
4 Fast 3G Reselection
B10
1 4 24
4.1 Objective
An MS ending in 2G cell, a CS call started in 3G cell
performs an LA/RA update to camp on 2G.
reselects 3G cell.
performs an LA update to camp on 3G.
In order to avoid double LA update, the 3G reselection must be speeded
up at 2G CS call release.
B10
1 4 25
4.2 Principle
GSM allows to send the optional Information Element (IE) cell
selection indicator after release of all TCHs and SDCCH in the
CHANNEL RELEASE message, indicating the frequency on which the MS
shall start a cell selection.
When 3G frequency is indicated, the MS shall as quickly as possible
camp on a suitable cell of this frequency.
This is performed in the Alcatel-Lucent BSS IF
EN_FAST_3G_RESELECTION = 1
No useless LUs are performed anymore.
The 3G reselection is speeded up.
Can be useless if 2G to 3G HOs are enabled.
B10
1 4 26
Exercise
Which radio parameters in the table below can be used to inhibit 2G to
3G reselection?
Which value will prevent this reselection?
EN_2G_TO_3GTDD_CELL_RESELECTION
FDD_GPRS_Qoffset
Qsearch_I
EN_FAST_3G_RESELECTION
PARAMETER VALUE
INHIBITION
Y / N
1 4 27
Exercise
Is a 2G to 3G reselection attempted or not?
If yes, which is the 3G target cell selected?
Voir lexo sous excel dans repertoire GA
CPICH RSCP
CPICH Ec/No
Max RLA (2G cells) measured
MS STATE
NETWORK_CONTROL_ORDER
FDD_Qoffset
FDD_GPRS_Qoffset
Qsearch_PTM
Qsearch_P
Qsearch_I
FDD_Qmin
FDD_Qmin_Offset
FDD_RSCPmin
EN_CPICH_2G_3G_RESELECTION
YES OR NOT
(coded value)
(coded value)
(coded value)
(coded value)
(coded value)
(coded value)
(coded value)
(coded value)
Including serving
CASE1 CASE2 CASE3
-78
-22
-92
READY PTM
-80
-28
-78
READY PTM
2
1
3
3
5
6
6
7
15
5
5
0
4
6
6
0
4
11
7
13
0 1
1 4 28
Exercise
What are the impacts on 2G to 3G cell reselection?
N N INCREASE ZZZ
N N DECREASE YYY
N N INCREASE XXX
DECREASE
MODIFICATION
MODIFICATION
N
SPEED-UP
2G to 3G RESELECTION
N
SLOW-DOWN
AAA
LESS MORE PARAMETER
PARAMETER
1 4 29
for this module
1 4 30
End of Module
Cell Reselection from 2G to 3G
15
Module 5
Handover from 2G to 3G
Section 1
2G-3G Mobility
Issue 01
2G-3G Mobility Handover from 2G to 3G
1 5 2
Blank Page
Document History
1 5 3
Module Objectives
Describe the Alcatel-Lucent BSS radio algorithms responsible for
2G to 3G Handover and the related parameters
Estimate the impact of a parameter value modification
1 5 4
1 5 5
Table of Contents
Page
1 Measurement Information Message 7
1.1 WHERE? 8
1.2 WHEN? 9
1.3 WHAT? 10
2 Inter-RAT Measurements 12
2.1 Are Measurements Performed? 13
2.1 What Does the MS Measure? 14
2.2 What Is Reported? 15
3 2G to 3G Handover Algorithm 16
3.1 Cause 31 Detection 17
3.2 HO Candidate Cell Evaluation 18
3.3 HO Management 20
4 2G to 3G HO Based on 2G Cell Load 25
4.1 Objective 26
4.2 Principle 27
4.3 Example 28
1 5 6
1 5 7
1 Measurement Information Message
1 5 8
1.1 WHERE?
Information Messages are sent by the network to the MS on the SACCH.
If not, all information fits into one message. The remaining information
will be sent in other instances of this message.
Note: the SACCH frame occurrence is 480ms.
1 5 9
1.2 WHEN?
When EN_3G_HO is set to Enabled
And there is at least one UTRAN FDD neighbor frequency to describe.
And the cell is Evolium.
And the MS classmark information indicates UMTS FDD supported.
And the MS Utran classmark is available.
And the Service Handover Information is
[available and different from
Handover to UTRAN or cdma2000 shall not be performed
or
Handover to UTRAN or cdma2000 should not be performed]
OR [not available and EN_2G_3G_HO_NO_SERVICE_HO = 1]
EN_2G_3G_HO_NO_SERVICE_HO allows handovers towards 3G cells for a given MS when I.E. Service
Handover is missing and the load in the serving cell is high (see THR_CELL_LOAD_3G_REQ), default = 1
(disable). This allows to force 2G to 3G HO in case of a loaded 2G serving cell.
1 5 10
1.3 WHAT?
List of Information Messages sent if EN_3G_HO is set to disabled
FDD_ARFCN_LIST
Up to 3 FDD frequencies and/or 3 TDD frequencies
Qsearch_C
Threshold for searching for 3G cells in dedicated mode.
(Same principle as explanation for Qsearch in the Cell Reselection from 2G to
3G section).
SEARCH_3G_PRIO
The MS may search 3G cells more frequently if SEARCH_3G_PRIO = 1
FDD_REP_QUANT
Type of measurement reported by the MS (CPICH RSCP or CPICH Ec/No)
1 5 11
1 Measurement Information message
1.3 WHAT? [cont.]
FDD_MULTIRAT_REPORTING
Number of the strongest 3G cells to be reported by the MS.
FDD_REPORTING_OFFSET
Offset that the MS shall apply to measurements before reporting.
FDD_REPORTING_THRESHOLD
Threshold above which the MS shall report the measurements.
1 5 12
1 5 13
2.1 Are Measurements Performed?
Depends on Qsearch_C (Connected mode):
the level received by the MS from the 2G serving cell must be below or
above the threshold:
SEARCH_3G_PRIO
More time (frames) can be granted to theMS to measure 3G neighbors if
set to 1 (less for 2G neighbors in compensation)
-47 -98 -50 -54 -70 -74 -78 -110
RXlev
Always Never
Search 3G IF Rxlev DL >
Search 3G IF Rxlev DL <
0 1 2 3 5 4 6
8 9
7
10 13 12 14 11
15
Qsearch tuning areas
Coded values :
Low High
1 5 14
2.1 What Does the MS Measure?
Depends on FDD_REP_QUANT:
FDD_REP_QUANT = 0 then only CPICH RSCP is reported by the MS
FDD_REP_QUANT = 1 then only CPICH Ec/No is reported by the MS
Value 0 is not supported for FDD_REP_QUANT
Then only CPICH Ec/No is reported by the MS
(Linked to level => coverage evaluation only)
1 5 15
2.2 What Is Reported?
FDD_MULTIRAT_REPORTING
Number of the strongest 3G cells reported by the MS (from 0 to 3, Default=2)
if EN_3G_HO is set to disabled, this parameter is considered as equal to zero
(the MS doesnt report any 3G cells)
FDD_REPORTING_OFFSET (Default=0)
Offset that the MS shall apply to measurements before the reporting
step size = 6dB (0 : 0dB, 1 : 6dB, 7 : 42dB)
FDD_REPORTING_THRESHOLD (Default=0)
Threshold above which the MS shall report the measurements
step size = 6dB
0 : 0 : Always report the 3G neighbor cells
1 : 6 : 6 dB
2 : 12 : 12 dB
.
.
7 : 42 : Never report the 3G neighbor cells
1 5 16
3 2G to 3G Handover Algorithm
1 5 17
3.1 Cause 31 Detection
The only cause of 2G to 3G HO is the cause 31.
The only measurement taken into account for detection is Ec/No
The cause 31 is detected IF
AV_ECNO(n) THR_ECNO_HO
AND
EN_3G_HO = Enable
Size of window for ECNO averaging: A_ECNO_HO
AV_ECNO(n): Average Ec/No of the 3G neighbor cell n
Range: -110 to 47 dBm
Bin coded: 0 (-110) to 63 (-47)
Step size: 1 dBm
The 2G-3G handover cause 31 has no specific priority since it is checked with a different trigger than the
other handover causes (same behavior as for causes 29 (TFO) and 30 (CS to PS)).
1 5 18
3.2 HO Candidate Cell Evaluation
ORDERING
PROCESS
RAW
CELL LIST
CAUSE 31
DETECTION
3G cell with highest averaged Ec/No
3G cell
3G cell
3G cell with lowest averaged Ec/No
2G cell if any
2G cell if any
2G cell if any
2G cell if any
. . .
Ranking
Then, HO Preparation Process removes or not 3G cells from the list
depending on both values of:
2G_3G_HO_Allowed state
Service Handover for the concerned MS
see table on next slide ../..
3G cells put on the TOP
The 2G_3G_HO_Allowed state is provided to HOP by the Resources Allocation and Management (RAM)
process.
The value of 2G_3G_HO_Allowed state depends on the 2G serving cell load (as detailed in the next
chapter).
The Service Handover for the concerned MS is provided by NASS (Normal Assignment) or by ECC (External
Channel Change).
There is no specific checking on the Service Handover. If present, the contents of this I.E. (Information
message) shall be stored by the BSC, to be further used in case of 2G to 3G handover.
3GPP TS 48.008: In case of Assignment Request received from the MSC with Service Handover IE included
and indicating that "Handover to UTRAN or cdma2000 should be performed", the BSS may trigger, if
possible, a directed retry towards a 3G cell. Such a feature is not supported.
1 5 19
3.2 HO Candidate Cell Evaluation [cont.]
(2G cell Loaded) (2G cell not loaded)
* Only one supported
2G_3G_HO_Allowed =
forbidden
Service Handover I.E.
value
Handover to UTRAN
or cdma2000 shall
not be performed
Handover to UTRAN
or cdma2000 shall
not be performed
Handover to UTRAN
or cdma2000 shall
not be performed
I.E. missing (or
undefined value
present in the I.E.) *
2G_3G_HO_Allowed = allowed
Remove 3G cells from
the raw cell list
the raw cell list
raw cell list is not modified
IF EN_2G_3G_HO_NO_SERVICE_HO = 1
IF EN_2G_3G_HO_NO_SERVICE_HO = 0
remove 3G cells from the raw cell list
the raw cell list
the raw cell list
the raw cell list
1 5 20
3 2G to 3G handover algorithm
3.3 HO Management
PARAMETERS
MAX_ADJ_CELL_3G_HO
Maximum number of 3G target cells for 2G-3G handover adjacency.
Min= Max=Default=12 (Not settable at OMCR)
T_HO_REQD_LOST USED DURING PREPARATION
Supervision of the MSC response after sending of HANDOVER REQUIRED.
step size = 1sec Min=6 Max=120 Default=30
Must be > T7 (Timer controlling the repetition of HANDOVER REQUIRED)
RESP_REQ
This flag controls Response request OIE inclusion in HANDOVER REQUIRED.
0: IE not included (Default), 1: IE included
T3121 USED DURING EXECECUTION
Used to keep the old channels sufficiently long for the MS to be able to return to
the old channels, and to release the channels if the MS is lost (DROP).
step size = 0.1sec Min=0 Max=25.5 Default=14
RESP_REQ: Default value depends on MSC type.
For external directed retries (or 2G to 3G HO), the serving BSC does not know whether or not the external
target cells (towards which the directed retry is triggered) are congested. Therefore, Alcatel-Lucent
recommends to set RESP_REQ to 1 if EN_EXT_DR is set to enabled in order to get a Handover Reject
message from the MSC in case all target cells are congested and thus to attempt other procedures.
1 5 21
3.3 HO Management [cont.]
UE/MS Serving BTS Target RNC
MSC Serving BSC
Measurements Result
HO Detection
Preparation
Execution
Start T_HO_REQD_LOST
HO REQUIRED
HO COMMAND
Prepare HO
Relocation Request
Relocation Request Ack
Prepare HO Resp
Stop T_HO_REQD_LOST
INTER SYSTEM
TO UTRAN HO CMD
DR (INTER SYSTEM
TO UTRAN HO CMD)
Start T3121
HO COMPLETE
Relocation detect
Relocation Complete
End Signal Request
CLEAR COMMAND
CLEAR COMPLETE
C CC C
C CC C
C CC C
C CC C
C CC C

C CC C

Stop T3121
MC924c
Success
MC924c
Preparations
MC924d
Attempts
SUCCESS CASE
(1) Need of Handover to 3G cell is detected (see the Cause 31 Detection and HO Candidate Cell Evaluation
parts of this section.).
T7 is started
T_HO_REQD_LOST is started to guard against no response from the MSC.
(2) The BSC initiates an intersystem to UMTS external channel change by sending a HANDOVER
REQUIRED message with the 3G cell in the top of the cell list.
Note: the HANDOVER REQUIRED message may contain the OIE Response Request
depending on the O&M parameter RESP_REQ.
(3) The MSC performs the handover required procedure with the target RNC. The protocol shown in the
figure is for example only: it may deviate, as it is not in the scope of this training.
(4) The MSC indicates to the serving BSS that the handover is accepted by the UMTS, in a HANDOVER
COMMAND message.
The L3 INTERSYSTEM TO UTRAN HANDOVER COMMAND is included in that HANDOVER COMMAND.
(5) The serving BSC: stops T_HO_REQD_LOST; sends the INTERSYTEM TO UTRAN HANDOVER IE
COMMAND to the UE/MS; starts T3121.
(6) The UE/MS on reception of the INTERSYTEM TO UTRAN HANDOVER COMMAND: disconnects the
old channel; synchronizes to the new cell and sends a HANDOVER COMPLETE message to the target RNC.
(7) The target RNC terminates the protocol to the MSC.
(8) The serving BSS RF channel and terrestrial resources are released. This is performed by the MSC
sending the CLEAR COMMAND (cause "Handover successful") , T3121 and T7 are stopped.
1 5 22
UE/MS Serving BTS Target RNC MSC Serving BSC
Measurements Result
HO Detection
Preparation
Start T_HO_REQD_LOST
HO REQUIRED
HO REQUIRED REJECT
Prepare HO
Relocation Request
Relocation Request Ack
Prepare HO Resp
Stop T_HO_REQD_LOST
MC924c
Preparations
MC924g
Preparations failures
Incremented only if
RESP_REQ = 1
PREPARATION FAILURE
1 5 23
EXECUTION FAILURE WITHOUT REVERSION
Execution
HO COMMAND
INTER SYSTEM
TO UTRAN HO CMD
DR (INTER SYSTEM
TO UTRAN HO CMD)
Start T3121
Relocation detect
CLEAR REQUEST
CLEAR COMPLETE
T3121 Expiry
MC924e
HO Failure without
Reversion
(Drop)
MC924d
Attempts
PREPARATION OK
1 5 24
3 2G to 3G handover algorithm
EXECUTION FAILURE WITH REVERSION
Execution
HO COMMAND
INTER SYSTEM
TO UTRAN HO CMD
DR (INTER SYSTEM
TO UTRAN HO CMD)
Start T3121
Relocation detect
MC924f
HO Failure with
Reversion
to old channel
MC924d
Attempts
COMING BACK TO
2G CHANNEL
HANDOVER FAILURE
(ROC)
PREPARATION OK
1 5 25
4 2G to 3G HO Based on 2G Cell Load
1 5 26
4.1 Objective
In order to reduce the number of 2G to 3G HOs, the feature
2G to 3G handover based on 2G load criteria
allows to avoid HO when the 2G cell is NOT loaded.
THR_CELL_LOAD_3G_REQ threshold is used for that
.
So, the BSC will determine the 2G_3G_HO_Allowed State
(as seen in the previous chapter)
1 5 27
4.2 Principle
IF the last N_TRAFFIC_LOAD averages AV_TRAFFIC_LOAD (including the
new one), verify:
AV_TRAFFIC_LOAD > THR_CELL_LOAD_3G_REQ
THEN 2G_3G_HO_Allowed = allowed
IF the last N_TRAFFIC_LOAD averages AV_TRAFFIC_LOAD (including the
new one), verify:
AV_TRAFFIC_LOAD THR_CELL_LOAD_3G_REQ
THEN 2G_3G_HO_Allowed = forbidden
At initialization, 2G_3G_HO_Allowed is set to allowed.
IF THR_CELL_LOAD_3G_REQ = 0
Then the feature 2G to 3G handover based on 2G load criteria is disabled.
GSM Radio Fine Tuning prerequisites:
The 2G cell traffic is evaluated (%) every TCH_INFO_PERIOD=5s (not settable).
The load is averaged over A_TRAFFIC_LOAD.
The number of consecutive load averages below or above the threshold before to take the decision is
N_TRAFFIC_LOAD.
1 5 28
4.3 Example
With N_TRAFFIC_LOAD = 3 (recommended value for 3 or 4 TRXs)
THR_CELL_LOAD_3G_REQ = 50%
A_TRAFFIC_LOAD = 8 (recommended value for 3 or 4 TRXs)
1
2
3
1
2
1
2
3
1
2
1
2
AV_TRAFFIC_LOAD
T
A_TRAFFIC_LOAD X TCH_INFO_PERIOD = 40s
THR_CELL
_LOAD_3G_REQ
2G_3G_HO_Allowed
allowed forbidden allowed
1 5 29
Exercise 1
Which radio parameters in the table below can be used to inhibit 2G to
3G handover?
Which value will prevent this handover?
VALUE
P4
P3
P2
P5
P1
INHIBITION
Y / N
PARAMETER
1 5 30
Exercise 2
Is 2G to 3G handover attempted or not?
If yes, which is the 3G target cell selected?
1 5 31
Exercise 3
What are the impacts on 2G to 3G handover?
INCREASE ZZZ
DECREASE YYY
INCREASE XXX
DECREASE
MODIFICATION
MODIFICATION
SPEED-UP
2G to 3G HANDOVER
SLOW-DOWN
AAA
LESS MORE PARAMETER
PARAMETER
1 5 32
for this module
1 5 33
End of Module
Handover from 2G to 3G

16
Module 6
Impacts of 2G3G Mobility on CS and PS Services
Section 1
2G-3G Mobility
Issue 01
2G-3G Mobility Impacts of 2G3G Mobility on CS and PS Services
1 6 2
Blank Page
Document History
1 6 3
Module Objectives
Describe the impact for the user on the provided service (CS or PS) when
switching from 2G to 3G
1 6 4
1 6 5
Table of Contents
Page
1 Mobile Camping in 2G and Moving to 3G 7
1.1 MS Using the CS Service 8
1.2 MS Using the PS Service 10
1 6 6
1 6 7
1 Mobile Camping in 2G and Moving to
3G
1 6 8
1 Mobile Camping in 2G and Moving to 3G
1.1 MS Using the CS Service
What happens when the UE moves while having a CS service
established?
1 6 9
1.1 MS Using the CS Service [cont.]
When the UE moves while having a CS service established:
the CS service (speech only or DTM in B10) is maintained thanks to a 2G to 3G
handover.
1 6 10
1.2 MS Using the PS Service
What happens when the UE moves while having a PS service
established?
1 6 11
1.2 MS Using the PS Service [cont.]
When the UE moves while having a PS service established:
The PS service is maintained thanks to a 2G to 3G cell reselection.
Reselection to 3G can still be performed when the UE is in GPRS Standby
mode.
In GPRS Ready mode, the reselection to 3G depends on the activation or not
of the NC2 reselection mode (no CCO 2G to 3G in B10).
1 6 12
for this module
1 6 13
End of Module
Impacts of 2G3G Mobility on CS and PS Services

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