1.

Under normal conditions, the appendix is primarily located in

which of the following quadrants of the abdomen:

A upper left
B upper Right
C lower right*
D lower left
E c and d

2. The parasympathetic innervation of the descending colon is from:

A the greater splanchnic nerve

B the lesser splanchnic nerve
C the Vagus nerve (cranial nerve X)
D the pelvic splanchnic nerves*
E none of the above

3. The superior mesenteric artery is the primary vascular supply for:

A derivatives of the primitive foregut

B derivatives of the primative midgut*
C derivatives of the primative hindgut
D a and b
E b and c

4. In cases where the hepatic portal vein is obstructed, esophageal varices (varicosities) may develop because of:

A anastomoses between the hepatic portal system of veins and the caval (systemic) system of veins*
B the presence of valves in the hepatic portal vein and its tributaries
C the origin of the left gastric vein from the superior mesenteric vein
D all of the above
E none of the above

5. Which of the following structures are retroperitoneal in an adult?

A the kidneys
B the inferior vena cava
C the abdominal aorta
D the pancreas
E all of the above are retroperitoneal*

6. The peritoneum:

A has visceral and parietal layers and occupies portions of both the abdominal and pelvic cavities*
B is located in the thoracic cavity and surrounds the lungs
C surrounds all abdominal viscera
D a and c
E none of the above

7. Which of the following statements regarding the duodenum is true:

A the common bile duct and the pancreatic ducts empty into the duodenum
B the duodenum receives its sympathetic innervation from both the greater and lesser splanchnic nerves
C the pyloric sphincter opens into the duodenum
D the duodenum is in contact with the head of the pancreas
E all of the above are true*

8. Which of the following statements regarding the hepatic portal system is false:

A the two main tributaries forming the hepatic portal vein are the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein.
B the renal veins are tributaries of the hepatic portal vein*
C the hepatic portal vein receives blood from the small intestines
D the hepatic portal vein is a not direct tributary of the inferior vena cava
E all of the above are false
9. Which of the following statements about the esophagus is false

A In the thorax, the esophagus is posterior to the trachea

B The esophagus enters the abdomen through the same opening as the aorta*
C The parasympathetic innervation of the esophagus is from the vagus nerve
D The esophagus opens into the cardiac orifice of the stomach
E The abdominal part of the esophagus is derived from the primitive foregut

10. Which of the following structures comprise the portal triad:

A proper hepatic artery, common bile duct, portal vein*

B splenic artery, common hepatic artery, left gastric artery
C superior mesenteric vein, splenic vein, inferior mesenteric vein
D cystic duct, common hepatic duct, common bile duct
E none of the above

11. Derivatives of the primitive midgut:

A include the distal part of the duodenum*

B are primarily supplied by the celiac trunk
C receive parasympathetic innervation from the greater splanchnic nerve
D both A and C
E all of the above

12. Under normal conditions the liver is primarily located in the:

A left lower quadrant

B right lower quadrant
C right iliac region
D left lumbar region
E right upper quadrant*

13. The large unpaired arteries supplying the gastrointestinal tract are:

A renal artery, inferior phrenic artery, lumbar artery

B celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery*
C common iliac artery, internal iliac artery, external iliac artery
D none of the above
E all of the above

14. A right-handed person is tightening a screw. This movement of this hand is best described as:

A flexion
B extension
C lateral rotation*
D medial rotation
E circumduction

15. Without turning your head you look directly to the right. What movement have you performed with the left eyeball?

A flexion
B extension
C adduction*
D abduction
E circumduction

16. In describing human anatomy the term dorsal means:

A closer to the midline

B away from the midline
C anterior
D posterior*
E none of the above
17. The terms “superior and inferior” refer to which anatomical plane?

A sagittal
B coronal (frontal)
C horizontal (transverse)*
D A and B
E none of the above

18. How many phalanges are in the left hand?

A8
B 10
C 12
D 14*
E 15

19. Where would you find the ethmoid bone?

A lateral wall of the orbit

B medial wall of the orbit*
C roof of the orbit
D floor of the orbit
E none of the above

20. Which muscle is innervated by the radial nerve?

A short head of biceps brachii

B ong head of biceps brachii
C long head of triceps brachii*
D pectoralis major
E coracobrachialis

21. When blood pressure is taken …

A the brachial artery is pressed against the humerus*

B the brachial artery is pressed against the radius
C the brachial artery is pressed against the ulna
D the axillary artery is pressed agaist the humerus
E the axillary artery is pressed against the clavicle

22. The lateral cord is formed by

A the anterior divisions of the middle and lower trunks

B the anterior divisions of the middle, upper, and lower trunks
C the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks*
D the anterior division of the upper trunk
E the anterior division of the upper and lower trunks

23. The head of the humerus tends to be dislocated …

A posteriorly
B anteriorly
C superiorly
D inferiorly*
E medially

24. What is the most common site for breast cancer?

A The upper lateral quadrant*

B The upper medial quadrant
C The lower lateral quadrant
D The lower medial quadrant
E None of the above
25. In palpating down the midline of the back the first vertebral spine that can be felt is usually the:

A Atlas
B Axis
C C4
D C7*
E T12

26. Posterior primary rami innervate which group of muscles?

A limb muscles
B abdominal muscles
C superficial muscles found on the back
D deep (intrinsic) back muscles*
E A and B

27. Which vessel is found in the deltopectoral triangle?

A Subclavian artery
B Subclavian vein
C Cephalic vein*
D Brachial artery
E Axillary vein

28. The middle trunk of the brachial plexus is formed by the ventral rami of

A C5
B C6
C C5, C6
D C7, C8
E C7*

29. The phrenic nerve is formed by the ventral primary rami of which nerves?

A C1,2,3
B C2,3
C C5,6
D C3,4,5*
E C5,6,7

30. A patient aspirates a crown. Where is the most likely spot for it to lodge?

A Right primary bronchus*.

B Right upper secondary bronchus.
C Left primary bronchus.
D Left upper secondary bronchus.
E Left lower secondary bronchus.

31. Bronchial asthma is caused by …

A a spasm of smooth muscle of the bronchial tree.*

B an increase in the number of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles.
C distruction of elastic tissue of the lungs.
D inadequate production of mucus.

32. anterior interventricular artery (left anterior descending) supplies…

A the right ventricle and the right atrium.

B the right and left atria.
C just the left ventricle.
D the left ventricle and the left atrium.
E the right and left ventricles.*
33. The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is called the

A tricuspid valve*
B mitral valve
C bicuspid valve
D aortic valve
E pulmonary valve

34. The thoracic duct empties into the venous system

A in the superior vena cava

B at the junction of the right internal jugular and subclavian veins
C at the junction of the left internal jugular and subclavian veins*
D in the axillary vein
E in the external jugular vein

35. What is responsible for slowing the heartbeat and constricting the bronchioles?

A The sympathetic trunk

B The vagus nerve*
C The greater splanchnic nerve
D The axillary nerve
E none of the above

36. The external intercostal muscles…

A depress the ribs

B elevate the ribs*
C elevate the superior angle of the scapula
D depress the superior angle of the scapula
E none of the above