Cotabato Medical Foundation College Inc.

Midsayap, Cotabato

PROJECT IN DRUGS AND SOLUTION

Marichan C. Balino Jancen Gendrala Monina Guiapar

Introduction

Preface

1. DRUGS ACTING ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM a. Anti-inflammatory agents refers to the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation. Antiinflammatory drugs make up about half of analgesics, remedying pain by reducing inflammation as opposed to opioids, which affect the central nervous system. b. Antibacterial Agents pertaining to a substance that kills bacteria or inhibits their growth or replication. an antibacterial agent. Antibiotics synthesized chemically or derived from various microorganisms exert their bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect by interfering with the production of the bacterial plasma wall; by interfering with protein synthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, or plasma membrane integrity; or by inhibiting critical biosynthetic pathways in the bacteria. c. Antiviral Agents Substances which inhibit the growth of a virus (e.g. herpes) by inhibiting DNA or RNA synthesis. Common agents include aciclovir (acyclovir), idoxuridine, ganciclovir, trifluoridine (trifluorothymidine) and vidarabine. d. Antiprotozoal agent is a class of pharmaceuticals used in treatment of protozoan infection. e. Antihelmintic Agent destructive to parasitic worms; called also antihelmintic and vermifugal. f. Antineoplactic Agent a drug that prevents the development, maturation, or spread of neoplastic cells. 2. DRUGS ACTING ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM a. Adrenergic Agent b. Adrenergic Blocking Agent one that inhibits response to sympathetic impulses by blocking the alpha (alphaadrenergic blocking a.) or beta (beta-adrenergic blocking a.) receptor sites of effector organs.

c. Adrenergic neuron blocking agent . one that inhibits the release of norepinephrine from postganglionic adrenergic
nerve endings. d. Cholinergic Agent A cholinergic drug, also known as a cholinergic agent, cholinergic agonist, or a parasympathomimetic drug, is any drug that functions to enhance or inhibit the effects mediated by acetylcholine in the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, or both. These include acetylcholine's precursors and cofactors, acetylcholine receptor agonists and cholinergic enzymes. e. Cholinergic Blocking Agents 3. DRUGS ACTING ON THE CNS AND THE PNS a. Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Agent An anxiolytic (also antipanic or antianxiety agent[1]) is a drug used for the treatment of symptoms of anxiety. Anxiolytics have been shown to be useful in the treatment of anxiety disorders.

b.

c.

d. e. f.

g.

h.

i.

Hypnotic Agent -A drug capable of inducing a hypnotic state Muscle Relaxant an agent that reduces the contractility of muscle fibers. Curare derivatives and succinylcholine compete with acetylcholine and block neural transmission at the myoneural junction. These drugs are used during anesthesia, in the management of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, and in shock therapy, to reduce muscle contractions in pharmacologically or electrically induced seizures. Narcotics (Medicine / Pharmacology) any of a group of drugs, such as heroin, morphine, and pethidine, that produce numbness and stupor. They are used medicinally to relieve pain but are sometimes also taken for their pleasant effects; prolonged use may cause addiction Anti-Migraine Drug General Anesthetics Agent an anesthetic that anesthetizes the entire body and causes loss of consciousness. Topical Anesthetics Agent that produced by application of a local anesthetic directly to the area involved, as to the oral mucosa or the cornea. Local Anesthetics Agent An anesthetic drug that induces local anesthesia by inhibiting nerve excitation or conduction. Regional Anesthetics Age insensibility of a part induced by interrupting the sensory nerve conductivity of that region of the body; it may be produced by either field block or nerve block . Neuromascular Blocking Agent block neuromuscular transmission at the neuromuscular junction,[1] causing paralysis of the affected skeletal muscles

4. DRUGS AFFECTING NUTRITION AND METABOLISM a. Anti-Ulcer Drug are a class of drugs, exclusive of the antibacterial agents, used to treat ulcers in the stomach and the upper part of the small intestine. b. Laxatives Laxatives are used to treat constipationthe passage of small amounts of hard, dry stools, usually fewer than three times a week. c. Anti-Spasmodic Relieving or preventing spasms, especially of smooth muscle An antispasmodic agent. Also called spasmolytic. d. Anti Emetics Drugs used to prevent nausea or vomiting. Antiemetics act by a wide range of mechanisms. Some act on the medullary control centers (the vomiting center and the chemoreceptive trigger zone) while others affect the peripheral receptors. (MeSH) e. Anti-Diarrrheal a drug used to control or stop diarrhea.

5. DRUGS ACTIONG ON ENDOCRINE a. Growth Hormone b. Growth Hormone Antagonist c. Posterior Pituitary Hormones d. Adrenocortical Agents any of the corticosteroids elaborated by the adrenal cortex, the major ones being the glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, and including some androgens, progesterone and perhaps estrogens. See also corticosteroid. e. Thyroid And Parathyroid Agents also known as or related to thyroid drug, drugs used in thyroid disorders, thyroid and antithyroid drugs. f. Thyroid Hormones Thyroid hormones affect almost every cell in the body. Some important effects of thyroid hormones on various cells and organ systems are: Control the rate of oxygen use by cells g. Anti-Diabetic Agents Antidiabetic drugs are medicines that help control blood sugar levels in people with diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes). Antidiabetic drugs may be subdivided into six groups: insulin, sufonylureas, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, biguanides, meglitinides, and thiazolidinediones. 6. DRUGS AFFECTING OXYGENATION a. Antihypertensive Agents a drug that reduces high blood pressure b. Anti-Arrythythmic Agents pertaining to a procedure or substance that prevents, alleviates, or corrects an abnormal cardiac rhythm, Calcium channel blockers control arrhythmias by inhibiting calcium ion influx across the plasma membrane of cardiac muscle, thus slowing atrioventricular conduction and prolonging the effective refractory period within the AV node. c. Cardiotonic Agents Agents that have a strengthening effect on the heart or that can increase cardiac output. They may be CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES; SYMPATHOMIMETICS; or other drugs. They are used after MYOCARDIAL INFARCT; CARDIAC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; in SHOCK; or in congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE, CONGESTIVE). d. Lipid Lowering Agents Serving to reduce the concentration of lipid, such as cholesterol, in the blood; - of medications, such as Mevinolin, that are used especially to reduce blood cholesterol, as a preventive measure against heart disease. e. Drugs Affecting Blood Coagulations f. Drugs Used To Treat Anemia 7. DRUGS ON THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM a. Bronchodilators any drug or other agent that causes dilation of the bronchial tubes by relaxing bronchial muscle: used, esp in the form of aerosol sprays, for the relief of asthma b. Anti-Inflammatory Drugs For Asthma

 c. Expectorants A drug that promotes the discharge of phlegm or mucus from the respiratory tract. d. Antitussive any medicine used to suppress or relieve coughing 8. DRUGS AFFECTING FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES Parenteral fluids a. Hypotonic b. Hypertonic c. Isotonic Electrolytes a. Sodium b. Potassium c. chlorido