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South Vietnam's Right of Self Defense
Báo Chí Việt
lamlam1@yahoo.com 8/17/2006

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American Foreign Policy and International
Webmaster: Đan Phượng Law
Số người truy cập:
By Dean Rusk*

South Vietnam's Right of Self Defense:

Vietnam presents a clear current case of the lawful versus the unlawful use of force. I would
agree with General Giap and other communists that it is a test case for "wars of national
liberation". We intend to meet that test.

Were the insurgency in South Vietnam truly indigenous and self-sustained, international law would not be involved.
But the fact is that it receives vital external support - in organization and direction, in training, in men, in weapons
and other supplies. That external support is unlawful for a double reason. First, it contravenes general international
law, which the United Nations Charter here expresses. Second, it contravenes particular international law: The 1954
Geneva accords on Vietnam and the 1962 agreements on Laos.

In resisting the agression against it, the Republic of Vietnam is exercising its right of self
defense. It called upon us and other states for assistance. And in the exercise of the right of
collective self defense under the United Nations Charter, we and other nations are providing
such assistance.

The American policy of assisting South Vietnam to maintain its freedom was inaugurated
under President Eisenhower and continued under Presidents Kennedy and Johnson. Our
assistance has been increased because the agression from the North has been augmented.
Our assistance now encompasses the bombing of North Vietnam. The bombing is designed
to interdict, as far as possible, and to inhibit, as far as may be necessary, continued
agression against the Republic of Vietnam.

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When that aggression ceases, collective measures in defense against it will cease. As
President Johnson has declared: ...if that aggression is stopped, the people and
Government of South Vietnam will be free to settle their own future, and the need for
supporting American military action there will end...

Nature of struggle in Vietnam:

I continue to hear and see nonsense about the nature of the struggle there. I sometimes
wonder at the gullibility of educated men and the stubborn disregard of plain facts by men
who are supposed to be helping our young men learn - especially to learn how to think.

Hanoi has never made a secret of its designs. It publicly proclaimed in 1960 a renewal of
the assault on South Vietnam. Quite obviously its hopes of taking over South Vietnam from
within had withered to close to zero - and the remarkable economic and social progress of
South Vietnam contrasted, most disagreeably for the North Vietnamese Communists, with
their own miserable economic performance.

The facts about the external involvement have been documented in white papers and other
publications of the Department of State. The International Control Commision has held that
there is evidence "beyond reasonable doubt" of North Vietnamese intervention.

There is no evidence that the Viet Cong has any significant popular following in South
Vietnam. It relies heavily on terror. Most of its reinforcements in recent months have been
North Vietnamese from the North Vietnamese Army.

Let us be clear about what is involved today in Southeast Asia. We are not involved with
empty phrases or conceptions that ride upon the clouds. We are talking about the national
interests of the United States in the peace of the Pacific. We are talking about the appetite
for aggression - an appetite that grows upon feeding and that is proclaimed to be insatiable.
We are talking about the safety of nations with whom we are allied - and in the integrity of
the American committment to join in meeting attack.

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It is true that we also believe that every small state has a right to be unmolested by its
neighbors even though it is within reach of a great power. It is true that we are committed
to general principles of law and procedure that reject the idea that men and arms can be
sent freely across frontiers to absorb a neighbor. But underlying the general principles is the
harsh reality that our own security is threatened by those who would embark upon a course
of aggression whose announced ultimate purpose is our own destruction.

Once again we hear expressed the views that cost the men of my generation a terrible price
in World War II. We are told that Southeast Asia is far away - but so were Manchuria and
Ethiopia. We are told that, if we insist that someone stop shooting, that is asking them for
unconditional surrender. We are told that perhaps the aggrresor will be content with just
one more bite. We are told that, if we prove faithless on one commitment, perhaps others
would believe us about commitments in other places. We are told that, if we stop resisting,
perhaps the other side will have a change of heart. We are told to stop hitting bridges and
radar sites and ammunition depots without requiring that the other side stop its slaughter of
thousands of civilians and its bombings of schools and hotels and hospitals and railways and
buses.

Surely we have learned over the past three decades that the acceptance of aggression leads
only to a sure catastrophe. Surely we have learned that the aggressor must face the
consequences of his action and be saved from the frightful miscalculation that brings all to
ruin. It is the purpose of law to guide men away from such events, to establish rules of
conduct which are deeply rooted in the reality of experience...

*United States Secretary of State, former President of the Rockefeller Foundation. This selection is part of an
address to the American Society of International Law (April 23, 1965), in Department of State Bulletin, LII
(May 10, 1965), pp 694-700.

lamlam1@yahoo.com

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In bài này
l Cựu đề mục
l Đảng Cộng Sản Việt Nam Qua Những Biến Động Trong Phong Trào Cộng Sản Quốc Tế (8/17/2006)
l Letter from President Nixon to President Nguyen Van Thieu of the Republic of Vietnam, (8/17/2006)
l "Peace With Honor": Radio-television broadcast, President Nixon re: initialing of the Vietnam Agreement, (8/17/2006)
l President's Nixon's Report On Vietnam (8/17/2006)
l Tân đề mục
l Nghị Định 56/2006/NĐ-CP Của Nhà Nước CSVN Bóp Nghẹt Thông Tin - Văn Hóa (8/18/2006)
l Corruption in Vietnam (8/18/2006)
l Singapore chống tham nhũng thế nào? (8/20/2006)
l Việt Nam Và Giới Truyền Thông Hoa Kỳ (8/21/2006)
l Vietnam and the Media (8/21/2006)
l TÁCH ĐẢNG KHỎI CHÍNH QUYỀN (8/24/2006)
l BẢN CÁO TRẠNG VỀ TỘI ÁC CỦA CSVN ĐỐI VỚI PGHH (9/15/2006)
l Một Góc Khác của T.T. Nguyễn Văn Thiệu (10/12/2006)
l Dân Chủ Và Phát Triển (10/29/2006)
l Development and Democracy (10/29/2006)

Việt Nam (Chiến tranh, Chính trị)

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