1. Which of the following is not recycled but is lost from ecosystems? ------ energy 2.

What are the basic units of life? ------ cells 3. What will happen if you do NOT (properly) finish your antibiotic prescription? ------ You will Promote the evolution of bacteria resistant to that antibiotic. 4. Which of the following provides evidence that humans and bacteria share a common genetic code? ------ Bacteria are able to express human genes. 5. A newly dicovered multicellular organism feeds on organic waste. Such an organism is most likely a member of the kingdom Fungi 6. The level of classification of life that is more inclusive than kingdom is . ------ Domain , ------

11. In what way(s) is the science of biology influencing and changing our culture? -----1)helping us evaluate environmental issues and the impact of human actions.and2)providing new tools that can be used in forensics 12. What accounts for the different breeds of domesticated dogs? ------ artificial selection 13. All of the organims and nonliving components of a particular environment are referred to as a(n) . ------ ecosystem . ------ the explanation of

14. Science is

structures and processes based on verifiable observations and measurements. 15. Scientific ideas are . ------ Scientific ideas

are subjected to rigorous and repeated testing. 16. A hypothesis is a(n) explanation 17. How do hypotheses differ from theories? -----Theories are more comprehensive than hypotheses. 18. What is homologous structures? ------ Structures that are similar in different species of common ancestry.Ex: forelimb to forelimb 19. The first basic idea of evolutionary adaption can be traced back to . ------ Larmark . ------ tentative

7. Which of these is required for natural selection to occur?A) unequal reproductive successB) individual variationC) overreproductionD) inheritanceE) all of the above ------ E) all of the above 8. Which domain(s) consist(s) of prokaryotic cells are . ------ Bacteria and Archaea 9. Relative to prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells are . ------ Larger and more complex

20. What does Darwinian fitness measure? -----reproductive sucess

10. What's an example of a producer? ------ A house plant

21. What will lead to the evolution of two different species? ------ disruptive selection 22. During his trip on Beagle, Darwin found that . ------ plants and animals living on a continent seemed more closely related to each other than to plants and animals living in similar regions on other continents. 23. Natural Selection results in . ------ offspring

29. According to island biogeography, the farther an island is from the mainland, the lower the rate of colonization 30. Macroevolution includes . ------ A) The . ------

origin of new speciesB) The origin of evolutionary noveltyC) Explosive diversification following some evolutionary breakthroughD) mass extinctions 31. Nonbranching Evolution called linear evolution 32. Homology is evidence of common ancestry 33. Biological species consist of groups of . ------ populations 34. What is an example of a species name? -----sapiens 35. A period of mass extinction is often followed by . ------ explosive diversification 36. You are riding your bike and stop pedaling, coasting along the road. Eventually, your bike slows down and stops. What happened to the energy of your motion when your bike stopped? ------ It was released as heat 37. What theory states that all living things are composed of cells? ------ Cell theory 38. The region of an enzyme to which a substrate binds is called the site. ------ active . -----. ------ is also

adapted to their current environment. 24. While on Beagle, Darwin was influenced by a book by Charles Lyell that suggested that Earth was that and sculpted by geological processes today. ------ old...continue

25. What is genetic drift? ------ chance changes in the gene pool of a small population. 26. Natural Selection works on . ------

variation already present in a population. 27. What did Darwin find in South America that suggested that the Andes mountains were gradually lifted up over millions of years? -----Sea snail fossils high up in the Andes Mountains 28. The West Nile virus is more of a concern on the North American continent than in Europe. This because . ------ in North America, the

mosquito species that spreads the West Nile virus is a blend of two species that remain distinct in Europe and thus do not bite both birds and people.

39. Most human cells contain -- 46

chromosomes. ----

49. Which of the outputs of cellular respiration actually does work for the cell? ------ ATP

40. The two basic types of cells are - prokaryotic and eukaryotic

and

. -----

50. What is the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis? ------ Photosynthesis li 51. nks carbon dioxide molecules together to make sugars. 52. What is the best description of the functions that photosynthesis serves? ------ It converts light energy into chemical energy. 53. Why is water required as a reactant in photosynthesis? ------ it is splitting of water that provides electrons for converting CO2 to sugar. 54. Why do leaves of some trees turn from green to other colors (yellow, reds, oranges) in autumn? ----- Chlorophyll levels decrease, making it

41. Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example, the sperm are changing into kinetic energy 42. Which of the following energy transfers is (are) possible in living systems? ------ A) potential energy to kinetic energyB) light energy to potential energyC) chemical energy to kinetic energyD) light energy to chemical energy 43. What compound directly provides energy for celluar work? ------ ATP 44. Usually, enzymes are . ------ proteins . ------ it's . ------ chemical energy

easier to see other colored pigments that are also present in the leaves. 55. What is the best choice for a microscope to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division? ------ Light microscope, because the specimen must be kept alive 56. What might you see to tell if a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic? ------ a nucleus 57. Prokaryotic cells are characteristics of the domain archaea and . ------ bacteria and

45. An enzyme's function depends on three dimensional shape.

46. Respiration is a reaction that involves what chemical process? ------ Oxidation 47. What is the role of electrons in respiration? -----The transfer of electrons form glucose to oxygen releases energy. 48. The major fuel for cells is carbohydrates. The ultimate source of most carbohydrates in the environment is photosynthesis . ------

58. Which best describes the structure of the plasma membrane? ------ proteins embedded in two layers of phosholipid 59. Lipids are synthesized within the proteins are synthesized within the . ------ smooth ER and Rough ER 60. Function of ribosomes are protein synthesis 61. Function of microtubules ------ movement 62. Function of mitochondria ------ cellular respiration 63. Function of chloroplasts ------ photosynthesis 64. Function of lysosomes ------ digestion 65. What is the order of genetic information from the DNA through the cell? -----1)nucleus2)nuclear pores3)ribosomes4)rough ER5)golgi 66. Since energy cannot be destroyed, what happens to all the energy you expand? ------ it is converted to potential energy and heat a. is the capacity to perform work, while is a measure of randomness ------ energy and entropy 67. Why does removing a phosphate group from the triphosphate tail in a molecule of ATP release energy? ------ crowded phosphates repel. The release of phosphate groups make potential energy available to cells to perform. -----and

68. the movement of smoke through the air is and example of what type of transport? -----diffusion 69. Which of the following types of cellular transport requires an expenditure of energy? ----- active transport 70. A is a process that links the reception of a

cell signal to a response within the cell. -----signal transduction pathway 71. What is true about autotrophs? ------ only autotrophs can live on nutrients that are entirely inorganic 72. Of the 3 stages of cellular respiration, which produces the most ATP molecules per glucose? ------ the electron transport chain 73. In glycolysis, is oxidized and is

reduced ------ glucose and NAD+ 74. The final electron acceptor of electron transport chains in mitochondria is . ------ O2

75. Cells can harvest the most chemical energy from what? ------ a glucose molecule 76. cellular respiration, which consumes oxygen, doesnt occur in the . ------ obligate anaerobes

a. is a metabolic pathway common to both fermentation and cellular respiration. ----- Glycolysis 77. athletes check to see if their muscles are

functioning anaerobically ------ lactic acid.

78. the light reactions take place in the region of the chloroplasts called the cycle takes place in the stroma 79. What are inputs of photosynthesis and what are outputs ------ inputs= CO2, light, H2Ooutputs=sugar and O2 80. What color of light is the least effective in driving photosynthesis? ------ Green, it isnt absorbed 81. When light strikes chlorophyll molecules, they lose electrons, which are ultimately replaced by splitting a molecule of ------ H2O , while the calvin . ------ thylakoid and

86. what is not an observation or inference on which Darwins theory of natural selection is based? ----- poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring 87. What did darwin prupose? ------ that natural selection is a mechanism of evolution 88. Define fitness from an evolutionary perspective.... ------ whoever produces more offspring is the fittest 89. the process of and and generate variation,

produces adaptation to the environment. -

----- mutationsexual recombinationnatural selection 90. what is stabilizing selection? ------ natural selection that favors intermediant variants by acting against extreme phenotypes. 91. why is a small isolated population more likely to undergo speciation than a large one? ------ a small gene pool is most likely to be changed by genetic drift and natural selection. 92. mass extictions that occured in the past ------

82. Which of the following are produced by the reactions that take place in the thykaloids and are consumed by reactions in the stroma? -----ATP and NADPH 83. Why is it hard to carry out photosynthesis when its dry and hot? ------ plants close their stroma which saves water but decreases CO2 84. of the following metabolic processes, which one is common to photosynthesis and cellular respiration? ------ reactions that store energy by pumping H+ across membranes 85. the combustion of fossil fuels may be contributing to global warming mainly by raising atmospheric concentration of CO2 ------

were followed by diversification of the survivors 93. place the levels of classification in order from least inclusive to most inclusive: class, domain, family, genus, kingdom, order, phylum, species ------ species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

94. in the three-domain system, which 2 domains contain prokaryotic organisms? ------ archaea and bacteria