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MICROBIO 160: BIOLOGY of CANCER and AIDS Spring Semester 2011 Instructor: Katir K.

Patel Exam #1A Instructions: Please select the single best answer to each question in this exam and shade in the correct response on your answer sheet 1. A________ is an abnormal condition of an organism that impairs bodily functions. (C) Angiogenesis (A) Disease (B) Dysfunction (D) Metastasis 2. Which of the following is NOT a type of disease? (A) Infectious Disease (B) Genetic Disease (C) Environmental Disease (D) Contagious Disease 3. In which of the following cells would you most expect the greatest expression of telomerase? (A) Developing embryo and metastatic cancer cells (B) Brain and muscle cells (C) All cells in elderly individuals (D) All heart cells in adults 4. Which of the following is NOT part of the Scientific Process? (A) Initial Observations (B) Hypothesis (C) Exploration (D) Data Collection/Experimentation 5. The more differentiated a tissue appears, the _______________. (A) higher the rate of telomerase expression (B) greater the likelihood of cancer development (C) lower the likelihood of metastatic cancer (D) higher the rate of DNA damage 6. Your favorite aunt, Esmeralda has had a wart on her cheek for as long as you can remember. However, it has not grown any larger. This is an example of a _________. (A) cancer in regression (C) metastatic cancer (D) dormancy (B) benign tumor

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7. Tumors have evolved several tricks to maintain their existence in the body. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is typically released by malignant tumors in order to________. (A) evade the immune system (C) enhance hyperplasia (B) stimulate differentiation (D) stimulate angiogenesis 8. We discussed at length the principles of the genetic code and how proteins are made. If you have a DNA sequence of 6000 nucleotide bases and no mutations develop, how many amino acids would you expect the resulting protein to have? (A) 6000 (C) 2000 (B) 3000 (D) 250 9. Which of the following trait is NOT characteristic of cancer cells? (A) Anchorage independence (B) Decreased dependence on external growth factors (C) Evasion of programmed cell death (D) Increased density dependent growth 10. Which of the following cancers account for the highest mortality in both men and women worldwide? (A) Breast cancer (C) Colon cancer (D) Pancreatic cancer (B) Lung cancer 11. Spontaneous Generation is defined as: (A) The idea that only living things can give rise to other living. (B) The discovery that linked infectious agents to causing cancer (C) The idea that non-living objects can give rise to living organisms. (D) The discovery that DNA damage eventually led to cancer 12. There are three major gene families which are characteristically damaged in patients with cancer. Which of the following is NOT one of those genes. (C) a proto-oncogene (A) a protein kinase gene (B) a tumor suppressor gene (D) a DNA repair gene 13. These types of cancers account for 85% of all cancers, and occur in epithelial cells? (A) Sarcomas (C) Leukemias (B) Lymphomas (D) Carcinomas 14. In terms of overall occurrences, most cases of cancer occur in people aged: (A) 14 years old and younger (C) 15-24 years old (B) 25-49 years old (D) 50 years old and older

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15. This is the term used for the formation of new blood vessels when there are no preexisting ones, like during the development of an embryo. (A) Angiogenesis (C) Meiosis (B) Metastasis (D) Vasculogenesis 16. The cell is the basic unit of life and consists of different compartments and organelles. Where in the cell does DNA REPLICATION take place? (A) Cytoplasm (C) Ribosomes (D) Cell membrane (B) Nucleus 17. Which of the following is NOT one of the main ways a cancer can spread? (A) Local Spread (C) Vasculogenesis (B) Through the blood circulation (D) Through the lymphatic system 18. Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that influence cancer survival rates? (A) Improved Screening/Early Detection (B) Rate of metastasis (C) Effectiveness of treatment (D) Encounter with potent bacterial toxins 19. Epithelial cells are involved in the majority of cancers. These cells ______. (A) line the surface of our skin and organs (B) are involved in repairing DNA damage in other cells (C) function to remove toxins from our blood (D) are important in regulating blood flow 20. Which of the following is true of normal adult cells but NOT cancer cells? (A) Cells become less and less differentiated with every round of cell division. (B) Cell death occurs after a finite number of cell divisions (C) Division occurs even in the presence of "stop" signals (D) Large amount of telomerase is present & active. 21. When a cancer spreads from the primary tumor to a distant place in the body, this process is called? (A) Metamorphosis (B) Translation (C) Angiogenesis (D) Metastasis 22. Which of the following best describes the origin of most cancers? (A) Multiple cells acquire single mutations and work together to form a tumor (B) Multiple cells acquire multiple mutations and work together to form a tumor. (C) A single cell undergoes multiple mutations and then grows to form a tumor (D) A single mutation occurs in an individual cell which then grows to form a tumor.
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23. Cancers are described by the type of tissue in which they develop. A tumor derived from muscle, bone, cartilage, fat or connective tissues is called a ______. (A) Lymphoma (C) Sarcoma (D) Leukemia (B) Carcinoma 24. Which of the following statements describing antibodies is FALSE? (A) Antibodies bind to foreign objects introduced into an organism (B) Antibodies are produced by B-cells in the human immune system (C) Antibodies stimulate cancer cells to produce immunotoxins (D) Antibodies can bind to proteins on cancer cells 25. Through what two systems can a cancer cell travel to distant sites in the body during metastasis? (A) Circulatory and Lymphatic systems (B) Musculoskeletal and Circulatory systems (C) Nervous and Lymphatic systems (D) Musculoskeletal and Lymphatic systems 26. Cancer cells that have reduced anchorage dependent growth allows them to ______ (A) escape from mutagens (C) produce more enzymes (D) have lower mutation rates (B) metastasize 27. Where is DNA transcribed into mRNA? (A) In the cytoplasm (B) Outside the cell (C) In the nucleus (D) In mitochondria 28. What protein in the cell acts like the cook and translates mRNA molecules into proteins? (C) Polymerase (A) Ribosome (B) Nucleus (D) Telomerase 29. Which of the following is NOT a way that cancer cells evade destruction by the immune system? (A) Cancer cells surround themselves with dense connective tissue that shields them from immune attack (B) Cancer cells actually relatively still look like normal cells. (C) Cancer cells actively destroy the lymph vessels of the body so that immune cells cannot reach them. (D) Cancer cells divide so quickly that they overwhelm the immune system.

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30. Robert Koch is now well known in the field of Microbiology for a set of rules he created, now commonly referred to as Koch's postulates. What is the purpose of Koch's postulates? (A) They help to determine if a particular person is related to another person. (B) They form the basis for most modern epidemiology studies (C) They assist in tracking cancer cells through the body (D) They help to determine if a particular infectious agent causes a certain disease 31. The process by which an mRNA is made from the DNA is called? (A) Translation (C) Replication (D) Transduction (B) Transcription 32. The three letter sequences by which a ribosome translates an mRNA are called? (A) dolons (C) triplets (B) polons (D) codons 33. This process is how sex cells (sperm/eggs) are produced? (A) Replication (B) Mitosis (C) Meiosis (D) Antigens 34. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a normal cell? (A) Reproduce themselves exactly (B) Stimulate sustained angiogenesis (C) Self destruct if they are damaged (apoptosis) (D) Stick together in the right place, and in the correct order 35. Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that regulate cell_______ and cell______? (A) Growth, Differentiation (B) Mitosis, Replication (C) Growth, Meiosis (D) Differentiation, DNA repair 36. In the past many individuals concluded that the immune system had no role in combating cancer. Which of the following statements is evidence that the immune system does play a role in fighting cancer? (A) Cancer does not occur in cells of the immune system (B) Cancer is more prevalent in developing countries (C) Patients on immunosuppressive drugs have a higher rate of cancer (D) Colon cancer only shows up in people with no B cells 37. A cell uses _______ at the ends of its DNA to determine how old it is. (C) ribosomes (A) telomeres (B) telomerase (D) codons
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38. What percentage of cancer deaths occur because of where a cancer ends up, not where it begins? (C) 10% (A) 90% (B) 50% (D) 25%

39. The foreign proteins found on the outside of things such as bacteria, viruses, pollen, and parasites that your immune system reacts to are called? (A) Antibodies (B) Allergens (C) Antigens (D) Alostatins 40. Which of the following is the immune cell of your body that is responsible for producing antibodies? (C) Plasma T-cells (A) Plasma B-cells (B) Macrophages (D) Helper T-cells 41. The drug that is used to treat Non-Hodgkins lymphoma, that works by binding to the CD20 receptor of B-cells is called what? (A) Formaxan (C) Angiostatin (D) Avastin (B) Rituxan 42. Which statement below best describes how naturally produced antibodies work in the immune system? (A) Antibodies bind to T-cells and cause them to start producing more antibodies. (B) They prevent the growth of harmful bacteria by cutting off their nutrient supply (C) Antibodies bind to antigens and act like signaling flags to other immune cells so they know what to destroy. (D) Antibodies bind to Macrophages and stimulate them to produce VEGF. 43. Prevalence is defined as: (A) The way to determine whether experimental treatments or new ways of using known therapies are safe and effective under controlled environments. (B) The number of cancer related deaths during a specific time period. (C) The rate at which new cases of a cancer occur in a population during a specified time. (D) The number of people in a given population that have a certain type of cancer at a specific point in time 44. Most of the people who take part in cancer related clinical trials are among what age group? (A) 0-14 years old (B) 15-19 years old (C) 20-69 years old (D) 70 years old and older
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45. An oncogene is a damaged version of a _____ and is characterized by its ______. (A) Proto-oncogene; Uncontrolled regulation of cell growth and differentiation (B) Proto-oncogene; Uncontrolled regulation of DNA repair (C) Tumor suppressor gene; inability to be transcribed into RNA (D) DNA repair gene; Uncontrolled regulation of cell growth 46. Every clinical trial in the United States must be approved and monitored by a _______? (C) National Health Organization (A) United States Department of Health (D) Human Welfare Committee (B) Institutional Review Board 47. What are Phase I Clinical Trials designed to determine? (A) Dose Response (B) Optimizing drug use (C) Compare to commonly used treatments (D) Initial safety and tolerability 48. Where do all the white blood cells (immune cells) originate from in your body (where are they produced)? (A) Spleen (C) Lymphnodes (B) Thymus (D) Bone Marrow 49. DNA is made up of a 4 letter system, what are the letters and how do they pair together? (A) A to T, and G to C (B) T to C, and U to G (C) A to B, and G to C (D) T to U, and B to G 50. The process by which a cell commits suicide when it has become damaged is called? (A) Inflammation (B) Apoptosis (C) Meiosis (D) Mitosis

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