1. Station Question body?

How does oxygen get to your muscles and other parts of your How is the carbon dioxide carried away from the muscles? Divide these among the body and the lungs Divide these among the body and the lungs

Total CO2= 8 blue chips Total O2= 12 red chips

Goal of this exercise is to get an understanding of how Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen interact in the body. You are given a set amount of chips and must move them from the lungs to throughout the given course and determine what happens at each site in terms of the CO2/O2 interaction. You also must maintain CO2/O2 levels at each site that will keep all tissues alive. You will need to use the knowledge of respiration from prior science classes to help you answer these questions.

1.

Where does the CO2/O2 exchange happen in the lungs? What cells are involved? What structures? What is the primary difference between the conducting and respiratory zones of the respiratory system?

2.

3.

Where does most of the CO2/O2 exchange occur in the body? Hint: In the circulatory system, these are generally the thinnest vessels. 4. Most of the oxygen in blood is transported by what cells? What is the name of the component of that cell that carries the oxygen?

5. What happens when a section of the body is deprived of oxygen? What is the physiological reason for what happens?

6. Does every part of the human body require a constant source of oxygen? Why or why not? Bonus question: The primary chemical stimulus for breathing is the concentration of what: a. carbon monoxide in the blood 7.

b. c. d.

carbon dioxide in the blood oxygen in the blood carbonic acid in the blood

2. Station question: How does the body get new oxygen into the lung? How does the body get rid of carbon dioxide that has accumulated in the lung? You will have to create a model lung using the supplies in front of you. Use the model included as a template and ask questions as needed. Use the model and your own prior knowledge and discussions within your groups to answer the questions. Pull down gently on the balloon on the bottom of the bottle. What happens to the little balloon inside the bottle? Does this show what happens during inhalation or during exhalation?

What happens when you let go of the bottom balloon? You may have to push up on the large bottom ballon to see an effect. Ask for help if you dont see anything happen.

This demonstrates what happens during _____________________

1.

What happens when the dome-shaped diaphragm contracts? When a muscle contracts it gets shorter. In the diagram, draw the shape of the diaphragm when it is contracted. 2. Will the lungs be larger or smaller when the diaphragm is contracted? 3. When the diaphragm is contracted, will air be pulled into the lungs or pushed out of the lungs? Explain.

3. When the diaphragm relaxes, will a person inhale or exhale? Explain.

4. What happens to the internal pressure when the diaphragm contracts? When it relaxes?

5. What happens when the rhythm of contractions and relaxations is not regular and consistent? What do you think a person feels like at that moment?

6.

What stimulates the rhythmic contractions of the diaphragm?

Station Focus: Observe the two lungs that we have and label in structures that you can identify on the diagram given. In addition, you are asked to draw one of the lungs and label it yourself. Use the lungs provided to you as the example.

1.

Do the lungs appear the same or different? What differences do you see?

2. What might account for any differences you see between the lungs in a pair?

3.

Describe how the tissue feels or looks.

4. Does the tissue appear spongy or hollow? How can you account for the gas exchange that occurs in the lungs given what you see? Think of this in terms of surface area.

5. Bonus question: Name the two types of Alveolar cell types and list the primary function that they serve or accomplish.

Station 4 Focus: Using the computer lab for research and reinforcement 1. First site is Reisearch.net---------go to the physio links page and find the respiratory basics page 2. The second site is Wisc-online.com - You will need to go to the left side bar and click: -learning objects -general education -Anatomy and Physiology II -Respiratory system gas exchange link and go through the material You are asked at the end of each to summarize what the site covered in bullet form or in a paragraph or two. You must include some specifics. You are also asked to give a one or two paragraph reflection on whether you found the site helpful or not and why

Station 5: This is the research and data collection portion. You are asked to perform a few simple experiments using breathing and asked to collect data regarding the experiments. You are also asked to think critically about what has happened.

Holding Your Breath Experiment

1. Normally, you breathe automatically, without even thinking about it. However, you can control your breathing voluntarily when you want to. For example, you can stop breathing and hold your breath for a while. However, you cannot hold your breath forever. Obviously, it would be very unhealthy to hold your breath for too long! Why? How long do you think you can hold your breath? _________________ (Specify if your estimate is in seconds or minutes.) Now, take a deep breath and hold your breath as long as you can, while someone in your group times you. Be sure to hold your nose while you hold your breath. How long did you hold your breath? _________________ 2. How do you think that your brain detects when you should not hold your breath any

longer and you must start breathing again? What signals might stimulate your brain to make you start breathing again, even though you are trying to hold your breath?

3. Next, you will carry out a simple experiment to test whether changes in the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood provide the signal to stop holding your breath. You will breathe into a plastic bag for 1 minute and then hold your breath for as long as you can. Before you actually carry out this experiment, predict what you think will happen by answering the following questions. While you are breathing into the plastic bag, what happens to the levels of carbon dioxide in the bag? ___________ What happens to the levels of carbon dioxide in your lungs? __________ What happens to the levels of carbon dioxide in your blood? __________ What happens to the levels of carbon dioxide in your brain? __________ While you are breathing into the plastic bag, what happens to the levels of oxygen in the bag? _________ In your lungs, blood, and brain? _________ What change would you predict in how long you can hold your breath after breathing into the bag? Explain why.

In order to make a valid comparison between how long you can hold your breath after normal breathing vs. after breathing into the bag, you need to be sure to hold your breath as long as you can in both conditions. To encourage everyone to hold their breath as long as possible, compare the times that each person in your group was able to hold their breath, and then try again to see if you can hold your breath even longer than your first try. How long did you hold your breath on this second try? ______________ Now, breathe normally for a few minutes. Then, open a plastic bag and swish it through the air to fill it with air. Hold the bag over your mouth and nose and breathe into the bag as normally as you can for 1 minute or as close to a minute as you can. At the end of your time breathing into the bag, take a deep breath of the air from the bag and hold your breath as long as you can while someone in your group times you. How

long did you hold your breath? ____________ Was there a difference in the amount of time you could hold your breath after breathing into the bag, compared to after normal breathing? How do you interpret your results? 4. Compile the data from all the members of your group in the chart below. Person's name How Long Th ey Held Their Breath After: Normal Breathing Breathing in the Bag _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________

Make a graph of the data for all your group members. Describe the results. Were the results similar for all members of your group? How do you interpret your findings?

5. Finally, you will test whether you breathe differently after holding your breath for as long as you can. First, observe how you breathe during normal breathing. Next, hold your breath as long as you can. Then, observe how you breathe after holding your breath. Describe the differences in breathing after holding your breath, compared to your normal breathing. Also, do you feel your heart pounding?

How do you interpret these observations?