THE UNITED STATES STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY

Japan Musical Instrument

Manufacturing Company
(Nippon Gakki Seizo

K K)

CORPORATION REPORT NO.

(Propellers)

IX

AIRCRAFT DIVISION
Date of Survey:
18

November 1945

Date of Publication:
\
I

September 1946

THE UNITED STATES STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY

Japan Musical Instrument

Manufacturing Company
(Nippon Gakki Seizo

K)

CORPORATION REPORT NO.

(Propellers)

IX

AIRCRAFT DIVISION
Date of Survey
18

November 1945

Date of Publication:
1

September 1946

/\.

/\

1^

X\j0.2A

U, 8.

SUPERINTENDENT Of UOCUWLNIS

MOV 21 1946

This report was written primarily for the use of the U.

ing Survey in the preparation of further reports of a

S. Strategic

Bomb-

nature. Any conchisions or opinions expressed in this sidered as hmited to the specific material covered and as subject to further

more comprehensive report must be con-

interpretation in the light of further studies conducted by the Survey.

FOREWORD
Bombing Survey by the Seci'etaiy of War ou Novenibei' 1944, pufsuant to a dii-ective'il'roin the hxte Presich^ul Roosevelt. Its mission was to eonduct an ini|)a,i'tial and expert study of the effects of our aei'ial attaeiv on Germany, to be used in connection wilii air attacks on Japan and to estabhsii a i)asis for evahiating the importance and l)otentiahties of air power as an iiisti-ument of
The
I'nitcd

States Sti'ategic

was established

15

complement provided foi- MOO o50 officers, and 500 enlisted men. The military segment of the organization was di-awn fiom the Army to the extent of 60 percent, and from the Navy to the extent of 40 jjcrcent. Both
sui-vey's
ci\-ilians,

The

the

Army and

the

Navy gave

the survey

all

pos-

sible assistance in furnishing

])oi1,

men,

supplies, trans-

and information.

licad(iuartei's established

The survey operated from in Tokyo early in Sep-

militaiy sti'ategy,

foi'

planning the future develop-

ment

of the Ihiited States

armed

forces,

and

for

determining futuie economic policies with

to the national defense.

i-es[)ect

sunnnary

I'cjjort

and

tember 1945, with subheadquarters in Nagoya. Osaka, Hiroshima, and Nagasaki, and with mobile teams operating in other parts of Japan, tlie islands of the Pacific, and the Asiatic mainland.
It was ]jossible to reconstruct much of wartime Japanese military j)lanning and execution, engagement by engagement, and campaign l)y campaign, and to secure reasonably accurate statistics on Ja])an's economy and wiU--production, plant by plant, and industry by industry. In addition, studies w^ere conducted on Japan's over-all strategic plans and the backgromul of lier entry into the war, the internal discussions and negotiations

some 200
ings
of

supi)orting reports containing the find-

the

survey

in

Germany

have

been

published.

On

15

August 1945, President Truman

recjuested

that the survey conduct a similar study of the

efl'eets of all types of air attack in the war against Japan, submitting reports in duplicate to the Secretary of War and to the Secretary of the Navy.

The

officers

of

the survey during

its

Japanese

phase were:
Franldin D'OIier, Chairman.

leading to her acce])tance of unconditional surlender. the comse of health and morale among the
civilian population, the effectiveness of the

Japa-

Paul H.

Nitze,

Henry C.

Ale.xauder,

nese civilian defense organization, and the effects

of tlie

Vice Chairmen.

atomic bombs.

Sejiarate reports will be

Hariy L. Bowman, J. Kenneth Galbraith,

Kensis Likert,

issued covering each phase of the study.

Frank A. McNamee,
Vrex] Searls, Jr.,

Jr.,

The siu'vey interi-ogated more than 700 Japanese militar.y, (Tovei-nnient. and industrial officials. It also recovered and translated many documents
which not only have been useful
also will furnish data valuable
to the survey, but
foi-

Monroe E.

other studies.

Spaglit,

Arrangements have been made

survey's
files

Dr. Lewis R. Thompson,

to turn over the

to the Central Intelligence

Group,

Theodore P. Wright, Directors. Walter Wilds, Secretary.

thi-ough which they will be availal)le for further

examination and distribution.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

THE CORPORATION AND INDUSTRY AIR ATTACKS PRODUCTION STATISTICS

Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix
A. B.

ITS

IMPORTANCE

IN

THE AIRCRAFT
1

8
9 9
13

EVALUATION OF PRE-ATTACK INTELLIGENCE REFERENCE MATERIAL

Damage Damage
to Teiiryu Plant
to

C.

D.

Main Plant Propeller Orders and Production Fuel Tank Orders and Production

To To

face page 14

face page 14

14
21

THE CORPORATION AND

Introduction

IMPORTANCE IN THE AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY

ITS
claimed that fatigue of workers had a great deal to do with the decline. With the end of the war, the company resumed the manufacture of musical instruments (which had ceased in August 1944) and is now busily producing harmonicas, xylophones, and reed organs.

In the Japanese

aircfaft industry as a wliole,

the Japan Musical Instrument Mfg. Co. did not

Light Metals Co).

rank very high (being a poor second to Sumitomo It was, however, an imporsupplier of propellers to the Japanese army. tant
In addition to propellers,
fuel
it

also

produced auxiliary

tanks and plywood

tail sections.

The anomaly

of a musical instnunent
is

producing aircraft components

production was
hi the

explained

company by

the fact that the company's entry into propeller

nature of a side luie to the and although the aviation activities eventually displaced the makuig of musical instruments altogether, the

manufacture

of musical instruments,

company retauied its original name. The company was organized in 1897
pianos,

to

organs,

harmonicas,

and
first

furnitiu'c.

produce In

28 percent of the total Japanese proproduced during 1941-45 inclusive, were made by this company. The propellers produced by this company were admittedly adapted from foreign designs. The American Hamilton Standard types were predominant but German Vereuiigte Deutsche Mettallwerke designs were produced and some Junkers and French Ratier ideas also were used. Some attempt at originality was shown when the company tried adopting wood for metal in propeller l)lades, but nothing spectacular was ever accomIn
all,

pellers

plished.

1921 the

company made

its first

propeller of

wood

The company was an independent,

company.

joint stock

construction, and in 1929 the

metal

])ropeller

was produced.

At that

time,

parts for metal

propellers were supplied

Musical instnunent manufacture continued to be the pruicipal activity of the company. However, propeller manufacturing continued to expand until in 1936 the company was able to produce 150 wood and 30 metal propellers each month. Machinery for making metal propellers was purchased in 1937 and the company began to devote more and more of its energies to the manufacture of propellers and less and less to musical mstruments. Expansion of the plant continued and the com-

by Sumitomo.

Facilities owned and operated by the company included the main plant, an auxiliary lumber processmg plant, a plywood plant, and a laboratory.

pany
lers.

its productioti of propelthe end of 1938, the company was able to turn out approximately 200 wood and 1.50 metal propellers per month. Production remained

steadily increased

the main office was in the north central part of the city of Hamamatsu in Shizuoka prefectin-e. An auxiliary plant known as the Tenryu plant was located approximately 2 miles east of the center of the city. In addition, an experimental laboratory was established in the town of Chofu, about 10 miles west of the center of the city of Tokyo in February 1940, and a veneer-making plant was constructed at the town of Kurazawajiri in Iwate prefecture

The main plant which hicluded

By

about 260 miles northeast of Tokyo

1943.

in

December

at about this level until in the summer of 1941 it began to climb to the 600-per-month level which was reached in the fall of 1942. Then in late

program a machine shop, known as the Sakura plant, was built near the village of Komyo, in Shizuoka
of

As a part

the

dispersal

prefecture approximately

Hamamatsu.

16 miles northeast of This shop was not completed until

1).

summer
rate

of 1943, production increased at a rapid

it

31 July 1945 (Figure

reached a peak of approximately 1,800 propellers duruig the month of July 1944. After this, production declined sharply and never recovered. One reason for the decline was a reduction in CJovernment orders, but even so, pioduction did Jiot equal demand. Plant officials
until

Factory lay-out does not appear to have been subject to either foreign or intelligent domestic influence. The company "just growed," whenever there was opportunity to do so. Various activities were segregated but this was done more for convenience than for efficiency (Figures 2 and 3)

MAIN

OFFICE
(

PLANT HAMAMATSU

LAYOUT

LEGEND

t
LUMEH STOfUOC
TIMOI CUHMS POOL

n:
RA lUTEniALS STOMEHOUK

n.vwooo SHOP

w66& REMin
5H0P

WAREHOUSE

rm

PLfWOOO

ID

Q
Yi
U
c2i
coypffSKO n.Yooo shop

cnmi OCZICD

K)u.Ei~Hai ( opo

Tmn

FonuEt WOOD PnOHUlR

(ccsrnoYED
iv

OOMPNCStCO PLtWOOO tHtW

euiTH-auue of T OeCEHBER IM4

MO

NOT REMM.T)

BUILDING

LAYOUT PLAN (TENRYU PLANT)

U.S.

STRATEGIC BOMBING jURVEY

JAPAN MUSICAL INSTRUMENT COMPANY

Till'

iiviiilioii

products of the foniptmy

coiii-

depjHi nients.
ii.'indled

geneial

affairs

dei)artment
records,

iriscd i)ropcll('is, auxiliary fuel tanks

vail

and plywood

general

affairs,

personnel

These items were sliijiped diicct to the Munitions Ministry upon coniplelion. Monthly production reports were forwarded to lie Munitions Ministry.
sections.
I

aeeouiils.

An

(uni)loynient

de|)artinenl

charged with hiring and dismissing of iind widi providing for liieir wclfai-e.
.ili'airs

and was employees

business
of

de|)artment was responsible for purcliasing

Relations with

tlie

iovernnicnl

were dirccl.

materials
finished

and

e(|uipment,
to

and

for

transfer

The
aside

Goveiiunent did not iin|)ose any su|)ervisors

fi-oni

[)roducts

consignees.

The

technical

the

usual

routine inspectors.
in

Army
Muni-

department conducted technical research, while

actual

observers were placed

the ("hofu laboratory.

pioduction was (he responsibility of the

i)lants

Production orders came

tions

directly from the

Ministry.

Infornuition

was received from

manufacturing department The 'i'enryu and Iwate

to the pri'sident director

were under the

responsible

the

Government on

the lirst of Api'il each yeai',

dii'ection of a su])erintendenl
;niii

who was

giving the over-all quantities the be expected to produce during the coming year.

company would

Then, from time to time as the year progressed, supporting orders specified the exact quantities and types to be manufactur(>d. The Ministry was then reciuested to approve the purchase of the necessary materials. Upon approval, the Ministry notified the company and the supplier and after a stated period (usually 2 months) the

managing was completelv indelicndent of the others, although the main plant was most nearly so, and could have been comIhe special
director.

None

of the ])lants

]'letely
linishe:!
juaiji

so.

All the ])lants contributed to the products which were assembled at the
4).

plant (Figure

company would

get delivery of the desired goods.

stated that the

raw materials and bearings were brought hito a receivijig and materials warehouse (bearings were the only comfn the pioduction of piopellers,

always ordered all of the annual quota but never exceeded it. The company never received financial assistance from the Government. Finished products were delivered directly to the Munitions Ministry.

Company

officials

Army

Organization and Operation

Names and
follows

positions of key personnel were as

President Director, Kaichi

Special

Managing

Director, Keikichi

Kawakami. Hay-

ash i.
Chief, General Affairs

Department, Kimi-

taka Sugiura.
Chief,

Employment Department, Roichi Kodama.

Busmess
Affairs

Chief,

Department,

Teiji

Hagiwara.
Chi(>f, T(>clmical

Di partment, Chu

Tocliigi.

Chief, Manufacturing Department,

Haru-

saku Aisa.

came in from outThese materials then moved through the various processing sections where they were made into finished components and placed in a components warehouse. From there they moved into an assembling shop where they were assembled into complete propellers ready for shipment (Figure 5). Production of plywood auxiliary fuel tanks l)egan at tlie Tenryu and Iwate plants. Timber was brought into the Iwate plant and made into veneer. At the same time, timber was brought into the Tenryu plant wliere lumber cutting and The Tenryu plant also processing was done. made plywood from the veneer produced in the Iwate plant. The wood components then progressed through the main plant where the final woodworkiiig, assembling and finishing operations were conducted (Figure 6). Outside corporations were depended upon to furnish rough forgings and other materials, and at
pletely finished comjionent that
side

the

plant).

Tenryu and Iwate Plant, Genichi Kawakami. The plant organization was imder the more or
Supt,
ess

different times subcontracts w-ere let for completely

nominal head of a president director, who

^s

by a special managing director. two administered the general affairs of the ipany and also directly su])ervised the main
assisted
'se

and components. Actual assembly of propellers and fuel tanks was done by the "job shop" technique; that is, all the necessary parts and components were grouped together at a designated spot in the assembly building and
fiiushed parts

nt.

'he

organization

was

divided

into

several

there assembled into the finished product. A laboratory was established in February 1940 Most of the in the town of Chofu, near Tokyo.

r>

o oc
Q. U.

o o

O z o h< N z < o
(T

DIAGRAMMATIC FLOW CHART

OF
PROPELLER PRODUCTION

4 +
4 4

SCHEMATIC FLOWCHART OF FUEL TANK PRODUCTION

VENEER SHOP (IWaTE

)

\*000 CUTTING

a TREATING SHOP

(TENRYU

WOOD
WORKI NG SHOP

RECEIVING a STORING

WAREHOUSE

SUB

ASSEMBLY SHOP

PAINT

SHOP

FINI

SHING

SHOP

US STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY JAPANESE MUSICAL INSTRUMENT COMPANY

FIG.

work

(loiic at

(liis

liihoratory consisted of adapt-

All other things being ef|ual, night

ing foreign ijropcllcr designs to Japanese nietjiods

have been as
precautions

effective as day.
it

work could However, air-raid

and materials, and of testing substitutes.

ing i-adieally

Notli-

made
there

necessary to turn off the light

new

w^as developed.

The

laboi'atoi-y

developed jjlywood jjropeller blades which later were jjroduced in (luantity and used in several These plywood bhules wen' ty])es of piopellers.
claimed to be superior to metal insofar as centrifugal force, gyromovement and weight were confcrjied
at

but could not attain satisfactory efficiency high speed and consequently could not be used
the
faster
aircraft.

on

Experiments

also

were

was an alarm. The heating facilities of Tenryu apparently wei'e inade(|uate These things for night work at that plant. hampered the workers and prevented night work from being as productive as day work. Each shift worked 12 hours with 1 houi' off for meals. Labor turn-over apparently remained low tliroughout the war. For the years 1942-45, inclusive, it was only 2.4, 2.7, 4.4, and 3.4 percent, whenever
respectively.

hollow steel propeller blades, but these were never successful. Plywood auxiliary fuel tanks proved practical and never were made from anythbig else. Constant contact was maintauied with the teclinical section of the Japanese Army and one or more officers of the air force was always pi-esent Little or no contact was had in the laboratory. with the Navy, probably because all of the plant's

conducted

witli

The lowness

of this figure can be

attributed to the labor policy of the Japanese

production went to the Army.

Employment at this company steadily increased durmg the war years, just as it did in other JapAt the main office plant, anese war industries. employment was nearly tripled from the beginning of 1939 to the end of the war. Increased employment at the Tenryu plant was more prouounced, as that plant expanded from 36 emploj'-

summer of 1939 to 1,716 in February Approximately 100 persons were employetl in the C'hofu laboratory. Actual employment figures for the month of July during each of the war years were as follows:
ees in the

1945.

Government. Workers were frozen to their jobs and at the same time, employers could not dismiss Consequently, a worker except for dishonesty. death and the military draft afforded about the only means of being separated from the pay roll. Absenteeism was much higher, rumiing around 10 to 20 percent and increasing to 46 percent after air attacks became more frequent. The military draft did not seriously impede production. Some probable reasons were that few of the workers had skills that were desired by the army and many of them were older men who were held over from the musical instrument activities. Soldier-workers and conscripted workers were never placed in the plants. Students were employed and apparently were satisfactory. The only complaint the management had about them was that they slowed up after the novelty wore off.
Dispersal

July 1941 July

Wil July

I94;l

July 19U

July WiS

Main plant
Tenryu plant-..

3,478 208

4,448 215

5,773 316

6,570 1,274

7,042
861

night shift was started in 1942, at the main

plant,
it.

Hamamatsu

employees were on
percent in
1945.

but only 6 percent of the This percentage increased

to 9 percent in 1943, 21 percent in 1944,

and 37
night

At

the

Tamyu

plant,

work was not started

August 1944 when about 5 percent of the workers w^ere on the night shift. By October this figure was up to 10 percent, but during the cold weather it declined until, during January 1945, only the necessary service personnel were working at night. In February, night work was resumed and reached a peak of 14 percent in March, which was the most night work ever done at this plant. After an air attack on 19 May 1945, night woi'k was completely abandoned at Tenryu.
until

Although the company apparently realized that would be necessary, the jirogram does not appear to have been energetically carried out even after a definite plan was decided upon. Planning was begun in January 1945. Several prospective sites were studied and an area near the village of Komyo, in Iwate County, Shizuoka prefecture, was decided upon for the mam plant dispersal. This area is the one that was referred to as the Sakura plant. It was located in a mountainous region where it was planned to erect a nimiber of small wooden shops at various spots and to depend on the foliage and terrain to conceal and protect the builiings. Transportation to and within the area would depend on railroads and highways. Government cooperation was solicited and asdispersal eventually sistance in acquiring the necessary building
terials

ma-

was obtained.

Construction was begun

about the beginning of April and

tlie

first

unit

shift ceased, antl this plant's production of

was completerl on 31 July. This luiit was just commencing production when the war ended, and no more units were completed. Laboi- for buildin" was drawn from the main Hanuimatsu and Tenryu plants, causing fuel tank production to
slump.
tlie Tenryu plant were to be transIwate plant area, where the companj already had (in December 1943) completed a veneer sliop. This site was selected because of an abundance of tunber in the vicinity, and also because it \vas at the junction of two railroad

propellers

and

propeller

Because of the extent of was attempted. Then on 10 Jime, a single B-29 attacked tl Hamamatsu plant. This was the most effect i\ attack made on the c'ompany. Seven bombs fe
into the woodworking shops, the facilities of whic had just been augmented by equipment remove from the recently bombed Tenryu plant. Tl following damage was acconiplisheil 18 shoj and warehouses including 12 percent of the pn
:

woo was stoppec the damage, no recover

blades

Activities at
tlie

ferred to

duction floor space were destroyed; 227 units

lines.

would be less from air attack. No new construction was imdertaken at this site, however, beyond the already completed veneer shop.
It
felt

was

also that this plant

likely to suffer

It was believed that all production facilities would ultimately be forced to go underground but no definite plans were drawn up.

Company

officials estiniated that

the dispersal

program reduced production

40 percent of previously attained production, but they failed to take into account the damage sufl"ered from air attacks during the same period. They also estito

mated that owmg to intershop transportation difficulties and time lag production after completion of dispersal would be only 50 percent of
previous capacity.

and woodworking machinery we: destroyed; 70 units of machine tools and woo( working machinery were damaged; 4 power tran formers were destroyed; an 800-foot section of tl power line was cut; 1 office building was destroy ei 60 completed fuel tanks were destroyed, an there were 23 casualties of which 5 were fat (Appendix B). Fire immediately broke out when the boml exploded and could not be extuiguished. En ployees had already become apprehensive fro the attack on Tenryu plant, and when the attac started most of them fled. The few who r mained were insufficient to control the flames. A
tools

machine

additional 8 buildings, including 3 percent of

tl

production floor space were dismantled.

Electr

There was no evidence, and the company denied German experience had influenced the dispersal activities in any way.

AIR ATTACKS
The company suffered heavily from air attacks which destroyed materials, wrecked large parts of the main and Tenryu plants and weakened the
morale of the workei's.

power was cut ofl" for 5 days. Production was r duced to 753 auxiliary fuel tanks, 24 metal pri pellers and 22 combination wood and metal pn pellers during the remaining war months, and thei were assembled from previously finished con ponents. Because of the damage and the con pany's dispersal program, no recovery was a
tempted. A naval bombardment on 29 July 1945 struc

both

the

main

and

Tenryu

plants.

At

tl

On

19

May

1945, at 1010 hours the

Hamamatsu

Hamamatsu
stroying

plant, eight shells struck a silk mil

and Teiuyu plants were struck by bombs. Only 1 small warehouse at the main plant was destroyed but the Tem-yu plant was hard hit. It suft'ered the following damage: 7 production buildings
includuig 51 percent of the production floor space were destroyed; 117 units of woodworking machinery were destroyed; all dormitories, barracks and dinhig halls, oflSces and 2 warehouses were destroyed; 200,000 cubic feet of lumber were destroyed, and there were 42 casualties of whicji 22 were fatal. (Appendix A.) As a result of this attack, approximately 00 percent of the workers were transferred to the main plant, tiie night

which the company bail recently acquired, d( five mUl buildings and seven bicycj At the Tenryu plant, six shells damage sheds. three of the remaining buildings.
Losses of production floor area are shown
the following table:
i

Main Plant
Square
ft

Total prcidiictive floor area before attacks Dismantled before attack Destroyed by attack on 10 June 1945 Dismantled during attack on 10 June 1945 Total destroyed and dismantled Balance rcmaining_

447, 39

1,10 20 17, 77 85, 07 362, 32

(5G,

Tknryu Plant
rotal productive floor area l)cforc attacks

330, 7.50

Destroyed by attack of 19
Siilancc reniaiiiinn

May

1945

700 163,050
167,

for governors and oil pumps, but Tokyo was bombed before delivery coidfl be made and the Tanaka shop was destroyed. Through the efforts

of the to the

Munitions Ministry, the order was switched Osaka Metal Industry Company in Osaka

company's machinery com)letc inventory of IIk- e(iiiipment of the Temyii There were 117 iniits of )lant is not avaihtl)h'. vooil and metal working machinery tiestroyed, nit the facilities of the saw mill and plywood shops vcre not impaired and the production of lumber md plywood ditl not decrease after the attack. It the main plant, 227 units were destroyed and '0 wei-e damaged leaving ir)7 tmits that were still

The

seriousness of

Mu-

osses cannot he precisely given hecaiis(> a

company was also bombed before it make deliveiy The war ended before another Company officials belitsupplier could be found.
but
tills

could

tled this interruption in the

supply of governors

pumps, but it must have contributed to the company's failure to fill orders for metal propellers during the closing months of the. war.

and

oil

PRODUCTION STATISTICS
production depended on government and these orders with but a few exceptions were always met until the last year of the war. At times, there was overproduction, but surabsorbed by subsequent orders. pluses were During the last year of the war, orders were seldom (Figures 7 and 8.) completely filled. Production facilities had been steadily expanded until in the summer of 1944, the company was able to reach a peak production of 600 wood propellers, 910 metal propellers, 310 combination wood and metal propellers, and 2,350 auxiliary And then production fuel tanks per month. slumped and with the exception of metal prowhich made a temporary pellers production recovery in December 1944, never again equalled the peak output. From January 1939 until the end of the war,

isable.

Actual

The company

suffered a total of 65 casualties of

orders,

vhich 27 were fatal.

An Tom
I

Air Raid Protection Corps was organized

the employees of the plant but was never

T^ery efl'ective.

This corps consisted of 2 divisions,

and a "Work Shop ARP." rhe Special ARP was composed of 400 men from he offices and shops and was expected to furnish ookout, communications, fire fighter, guard and escue services. The workshop ARP was composed of all of the shop workers and was supposed prevent damage to machhiery and stores, :o small trenches were dug throughout the plant to Drotect the workers. However, when the bombs ;ame, nearly all the workers left the plant and the 'ew who remained were insufficient to efTectively control the fire that broke out.
'"'Special

ARP"

this

company

received

orders

to

make

48,729

Attacks

on Urban Areas

Accortling to records compiled by the Tabulat-

ng Service Section
survey,

of the

U.

S. Strategic

the

nearby

city

of

Bombing Hamamatsu was

ittacked 'rom 27
clusive.

by

aerial bombs on 75 difTerent occasions November 1944 to 1 August 1945 inThese attacks were made by formations

anging
1,054

in size

from

to 99 aircraft.

Altogether,

tons of mcendiary bombs,

1,980

tons of

ligh explosive

bombs and

2 tons of fragmentation

jombs were dropped on the town. The majority of the employees living

in

Hama-

natsu lost their homes in the attack of 18 June [945. Absenteeism, which already was high by )rdinai-y standards (10-20 percent) increased to
16

and 67,190 auxiliary fuel tanks of which 44,583 propellers and 58,912 auxiliary fuel tanks were produced. (Appendices C and D.) Plant capacity was not reduced until the earthquake of 7 December 1944 destroyed the wood working shops. These shops were restored and then again destroyed by air attack in June. Metal propeller production never siifTered tmtU 10 June 1945 when 120 machine tools were destroyed and electric power was cut oflF for five days by an ah- attack. Three hundred sets of plywood tail sections were also made up and delivered.
propelliMs

EVALUATION OF PRE-ATTACK
INTELLIGENCE
Preattack intelligence of Japan Musical Instrument Company was good even though not complete.

percent.

Production also was hindered by attacks on An order had been placed irith the Tanaka Air Ordnance Company in Tokyo

Fokyo and Osaka.

I I

II

10

11

The

relative importance of the

It

accurately assessed.
propellers for Lily

Company was was estimated that 130

and 320 for Oscar were being produced each month during late 1943, and that total metal propeller output, "may have been in the neighborhood of 500 per month by the beginning of 1944." Relative production was estimated to be 20-30 percent of the total Japanese Company records show that actual production.

being produced, but not how many. Most of the metal propellers were manufactured under license from Sumitomo Light Metals Co., and this probably gave rise to the report that

Sumitomo had taken over

Functional
analysis
l)ut

the plant. the

of

main plant was

generally aeciu-ate

failed to include the large

administrative area and

new

and the two annexed

southwest.

mills

forge on the north, on the southeast and

monthly production during the

1943 averaged
for

last 3

months

of

120 propellers for Lily and 241

Only the location

learned,

of

the

Tenryu plant was

Oscar and that a total of 608 metal propellers were produced (hu'ing Dec(>mber 1943. Based on records of the Munitions Muiistry, relative production was 28 percent. It was known that auxiliary fuel tanks were

whUe

the existence of the Sakiu-a and

Iwate

plaiits

(which were miimportant), was not

discovered.

The Chofu laboratory was erroneously reported

to

be a subsidiary propeller plant.

IS

REFERENCE MATERIAL
List of
Item
1.

Reference Notes

Number

2.

3.
4.

5.

Answers to Corporation tjuestionnaire No. 1 submitted by corporation officials. Answers to Corporation Questionnaire No. 2 submitted by corporation officials. Answers to Outline of Plant Report (Main Plant) submitted by corporation. .Answers to Corporation Questionnaire Nos. 1 and 2 regarding Tenryu Plant, submitted by corporation. "Propeller Developments of the Nippon Gakki Company," Report No. 106, 17 November 1945, by Air Technical Intelligence Group.
(Reference items are
filed

War Department, Washington, D. C,

with the Records of the U. S. Strategic Bombing Survey, care of the Adjutant General.)

13

Appendix C.

Propeller production,

January 1939-July 1946

Type
January

TIMBEO CURING POOL

r'
Jilllilililil
LUMBER
STOflftGE

r>Rft* MftTERfiLS

SrOWKAjae

-J

^fiRE

/ WoflO

fj

HOUSE o5rj

^ ^ ^ sa ^
EZ2
f2Zi

72^

WORKMENS BARRACKS

^ZZH

XZBZ

7ZZ

VZ

\ZZi

ATTACK DAMAGE 8 BOMB PLOT MAIN OFFICE PLANT

(

LEGEND
DESTROYED BY AIR ATTACK OF
10

HAMAMATSU

JUNE 1945

WHSE.

SCRAP

ICTKt.

DISMANTLED DURING AND IMMEDIATELY AFTER AIR ATTACKS TO PREVENT SPREAD OF FIRE
lEA ATTACK DESTROYED BY NAVAL BOMBARDMENT 29 JULY 1945

MREMOUSE
USTOME S PROPELLER PACKIMC B QFfXX

WAROOJSE
ROOM
SHOP

1MSH

ASSUieLT

SMPPM6

FORM
WHSE
WHSE-

UACHNE
tt

OfFlOE

IS

14

feXlII^j

DESTROYED BY AIR ATTACK OF

19

MAY 1945

15 l IT 16 19

wwc
BOILER HOUSE SUBSTJOIOW ELECTRIC FUEL TANK WG SHOP FutL TAW HFG SHOP

20 WASM "1 FUEL _2 FUEL 25

F*.T

ROOM
TANK TANH

24 PAMT 25 FUEL 26 WMSe

2T MSE ea WH3E 29 WASH 50 WASH 31 W)eE

MFG NFG SHOP STORAGE TA*t iG

SMC*"

SWOP SKIP

ROOM
ItOOII

it )CW FOfKX SHOP 3S WMSE SMEO J4 eiCTCLE 35 MS

36 DfniMG
37

WOOD

KLN DRVMG
OftVING

36 WOOD

KILN

HOUSE 19 BOILER 40 PROPELLER MFG 41 PRtyCLLER MFC

Sm
SHOP

42
43 48
47

FILES

OFF
OFFICE ireOO

44 OFFKS 4i CCHfEPENCE

ROOM WHSE
SMOf

*CflK;

45 WMSE 49 WMSE 50 WMSE

51

HEAT

THEATUENT

SHOP

52 OORWTOHT 53 WMSE 54 WHSE as WHSE 56 WMSE

G7
AUOiTORiUN
OININO

56

ROOM

Appendix

C. Propeller production,

January

1.93.9-July

194S
1940

Coiitimied

Typo

Appendix

C.

Propeller production

January 1939-July 1943

Continued

Type
Janii-

Febru-

March

April

May

June

July

August

tember

ber

vember cember ^o'"'

All

metal. 3 blade. U.l ft. diam., constant speed, to tit 850 hp. engine on Ki 21

Government orders
-\ctual production.
.

(Sally) Bomber. All metal. 2 blade. V.^lt. diam.. fixed pitch, to fit 650 hp. enguie on Ki 27 (Xate)
.

Government

orders

.\etual production
I

45 45

.50 ,50

.50

,50

,50

.50

50

45

55

56

50 45

90 93

110 108

111)

III)

131)

110

110

130

Fighter. All metal, 3 blade. 9.0 ft diam.. fixed pitch, to fit 850 hp. [Government orders engine on Ki 32 (Mary) |.\ctual production. . Trainer. All metal, 3 blade, 9.0ft. diam., fixed pitch, to fit 450 hp. Government orders

engines on Trainer.
All
fi.xed

Ki
to

34

(Thora)
ft.

Actual production.

wood, 2 blade. 8.2

pitch,
fit

diam..

350 hp.

engine
.4.11

on

Ki 9 (Spruce)
ft.

Trainer. wood", 2 blade. 7.2

pitch,
to
fit

fixed

1.50

diam., hp.

17 Trainer. All metal, 3 blade, 9.9 ft, diam.,

engine on Ki
fixed

pitch,

to

fit

5.50

enguie

on

Ki

15

hp. (Babs)

Government orders

.\ctual production. --

Trainer. All metal. 2 blade. 8.2 ft. diam., fixed pitch, to fit 450 hp. engine on Ki 36 (Ida)
Liai.son.

Government orders
Actual production.
.

All metal.

.!

blade.

<)-5 ft

diam
I

.,
.

constant sin-i-cl, to 111 9,50 hp. [Government orders engine on Ki 4s 1. ily Bom- [.Actual production.
1

ber.
).

;.

1.

metal, 3 blade, 10.8 ft. diam.. constant speed, to fit 1,080 hp. engine on Ki 57 (Topsy) Transport. Ml metal, and combination wood blade with metal hub, 2 blade, 9.0 ft. diam.. fixed pitch, to fit 450 hp. engine on Ki .54 (Hickory) Trainer. XW metal, 3 blade, 9.2 ft. diam., constant speed, to fit 9.50 hp. engine on Ki 43 (Oscar) Fighter. \n metal, 3 blade, 9.7 ft. diam., constant speed, to fit 900 hp. engine on Ki 51 (Sonia) Fighter. All metal, 3 blade, 9.8 ft. diam. constant speed, to fit 900 hp. engine on Ki 46
.\1I

Government orders
.\ctual production.
.

Government orders
Actual production.-

Government orders
Actual itroduction..

Government orders
Actual production.
.

Government orders
.\ctual production

(Dinah) Reeon.
i.

Combination
ft.
fit

I.

^Government orders diam.. constant speed, to 'Actual production. . 450 hp. engine on Ki 79 (.\ate) Advanced Trainer. Combination wood blade with metal hub, 2 blade, 8.2 ft. diam., constant speed, to fit 4.50 hp. engine on Ki 55 (Ida) .\dvanced Trainer.
.\11

wood blade with metal hub, 2 blade, 9.5

wood. 2 blade,

8.2

ft.

diam., fixed pitch, to fit 280 hp. engine on Ki 76 (Stella) Trainer.

.

.\11

wood, 2 blade,

6.7

ft.

I.

diam., fixed pitch, to fit 110 engine on hp. Ki 86 (Cypress) Trainer. All metal, 3 blade, 10.0 ft. diam., constant speed, to fit 1,260 hp. engine on Ki 44 (Tojo) Advanced Trainer. All metal, 3 blade, 10.0 ft. diam., const.ant speed, to fit 1,500 hp. engine on Ki 102
Fighter. All metal, 4 blade,
11.8
ft.

diam., constant speed, to fit 1.775 hp. engines on Ki 67 (Peggy) Bomber.

Ai'PKNDix C. Proptlkr production, January 1930 -July 1945

1942

Continued
Sepleni-

'I'yijc

.lann-

Febru-

March

April

May

Itily

August

Octoher

Novernbcr

ncecni'I'otal

bcr

2.

\ II metal, 3 blade, 11.1 ft. diam., speed to fit 8.50 hp. engine on KiLII (,<allvl Hoinber. Allniet;il,'Jl.lade.yMl.di;un.,

iciiustant

(Government orders.
Actual production..

fixed piteti. In
3.

til

fiad h|i. I'njjine

{(lovernmeut orders.
j

110

on Ki27 (Xide)

4.

5.

6.

All metal. :t fixed piteb tit lit s.^tO hj). engine on Ki S2 .Mai V) Tiainer. All metal, ,) bla.le, '.1,1) ft. diam., fixed piteli In tit l.'jii hp. engines on Ki 34 tThora) Trainef. All wood, 2 blade, 8.2 ft. diam., fixed piteb, to fit 350 hp. engine on Ki 9 (Spi uee) Trainer. AU wood, 2 blade, 7.2ft. diam., fixed piteh, to fit 150 hp. engine
(

Fiiihler. l.iade. ii.d ft. diam.,

Actual production..

HI

110 110

no no

81)

80

100 100

120 120

10 10

710 711

Government orders.
Actual production..

Government

orders.

20
18

Actual production..

30 30 65 67
25 24
25 25

30 30 80 80

80 80

Government orders.
.\ctual production..

85 83

70 70
25 25 25 25 25 25

70 70

80 80 26 26 30 30

80 80
.30

Government

orders.

17 Trainer. 7. All metal, 3 blade, 9.9 ft. fixed piteh. to fit 550 hp.

on Ki on Ki

Actual production.

30

30 30

270 270

diam., engine

Government orders.
Actual production
.

1.5

(Ilalisi

Trainer.

All metal, 2 blade, s. 2 ft. diam., fixed piteh, to fit 4.50 hp. engine on Ki 3li (Ilia) Liaison. 9. All metal, 3 blade, 9.5 ft. diam., constant speed, to fit 950 hp. engine on Ki 48 (Lilv) Bomber. 10. All metal, 3 blade, 10.8 ft. diam., constant speed, to fit 1080 hp. engine on Ki 57 (Topsy)
8.

Government orders.
Actual production..

11.

Transport. All metal, and combination

2

wood blade with metal hub,

'

blade, 9.0 ft. diam., fixed pitch, to fit 450 hp. engine on Ki 54 (Hickory) Trainer. 12. All metal, 3 blade, 9.2 ft. diam., constant speed to fit 950 hp. engine on Ki 43 (Oscar) Fighter. 13. AU metal, 3 blade, 9.7 ft. diam., constant speed to fit 900 hp. engine on Ki 51 (Sonia) Fighter. 14. AU metal, 3 blade, 9.8 ft. diam., constant speed, to fit 900 hp. engine on Ki 46 (Dinah)

Recon.
15.

Combination

wood

blade
ft.

with metal hub,

2 blade, 9.5

diam., constant speed to fit 450 hp. engine on Ki 79 (Nate) Advanced Trainer. wood blade 16. Combination

with metal hub, 2 blade, 8.2 ft. diam., constant speed to fit 450 hp. engine on Ki 55 (Ida) Advanced Trainer. 17. AU wood, 2 blade, 8.2 ft. diam., fixed pitch, to fit 280 hp. engine on Ki 76 (Stella) Trainer.
18.

AU

wood,

2 blade, H.7

ft.

di-

am., fi.\ed pitch, to fit 110 hp. Government orders. engine on Ki 86 (Cypress) Actual production. Trainer. 19. AU metal, 3 blade, 10.0 ft. diam., constant speed to fit 1.260 Government orders, hp. engine on Ki 44 (Tojo) Ad- Actual production. vanced Trainer. 20. AU metal, 3 blade, 10.0 ft. di(Government orders. am., constant speed to fit 1,500 Actual production., hp. engine on Ki 102 Fighter. 21. AU metal, 4 blade, 118 ft. diam., constant speed to fit 1,175 ! Government orders. hp. engine on Ki 67 (P'-ggy) Actual production..
1

Bomber.
Total

Appendix

C. Propeller production,

January 1939-July 7545 Continued

Type
'a??"
All metal. 3 blade, 11.1 ft. diam.. constant speed to fit 850 hp. engine on Ki 21 (Sally)

^ary""

^*^*^^

^P""^^

^^^

-^""^

^"^^^

^"^"^^ j^^ ber

Sep-

October

Novem- Deber

rp_,^,

ceniber

^^^^

1.

Oovernment

orders_

Actual production..

Bomber.
All metal. 2 blade. 9.5ft. diam., fixed pitch, to fit 650 hp. engine 27 (Xate) Fighter. 3. All metal. 3 blade. 9.0 ft. diam.. fixed pitch to fit S50 hp. engine
2.

Oovernment orders
Actual production
_

on Ki

_.

Government orders.
Actual production..
_.
_.

--.

on Ki 32 (Marv) Trainer.
4.

___

All metal. 3 blade, 9.0 ft. diam.. fixed pitch to fit 450 hp. engines on Ki34 (Thora) Trainer.

Government

orders.
--

Actual production.

5.

Allwood.2bIade.8.2ft.diam.,
fixed pitch, to fit 350 hp. engine on Ki 9 (Spruce) Trainer. All wood, 2 blade, 7.2ft. diam.. fixed pitch, to fit 150 hp. engine

Government orders_
Actual production
_

85 86 20 20

90 90
25 23

95 95 30 30

80 77
10
11

75 74
10 9

90 90
10

90 90

50 50

60 60

70 70

80 82

100 100

6.

Government orders.
Actual production
.-

17 Trainer. 7. All metal, 3 blade, 9.9 ft. diam.. fixed pitch, to fit 550 hp. engine on Ki 15 (Babs) Trainer. 8. All metal. 2 blade, 8.2 ft. diam..

on Ki

U
__

Government

orders_
_

Actual production.

fixed pitch, to fit 450 hp, engine Ki.3tj fida) Liaison. 9. All metal. 3 blade, 9.5 ft. diam.. constant speed, to fit 950 hp. engine on Ki48 (Liiv) Bomber. 10. All metal, 3 blade. 10.8 ft.

Government orders
Actual production.
-..
_

__ .__

on

Government orders.
Actual production
(
.

135
135

155 1 55

140 1 40

160 160

100 100

120 120

150
1

50

205 205

65 65

65 66

120 1 20

175 1 75

diam., constant speed, to fit h p engine on Ki 57 1 ,080 (Topsy) Transport. 11. All metal, and combination wood blade with metal hub, 2 blade, 9.0 ft. diam., fixed pitch, to fit 450 hp. engine on Ki 54 (Hickory) Trainer. 12. All metal, 3 blade, 9.2 ft. diam.. constant speed to fit 950 hp. engine on Ki 43 (Oscar) Fighter. 13. All metal, 3 blade. 9.7 ft. diam., constant speed to fit 900 hp. engine on Ki 51 (Sonia)
. .

rovornment orders,
__

\c-tua] production.

Fighter.
14.

All metal, 3 blade. 9.8 ft. diam., constant speed, to fit 900 hp. engine on Ki4fi (Dinah)

Recon.
15.

Combination

wood

blade
ft.

with metal hub,

2 blade, 9.5

diam., constant speed to fit 450 hp. engine on Ki 79 (Nate) Advanced Trainer. 16. Combination wood blade with metal hub, 2 blade. 8.2 ft. diam., constant speed to fit 450 hp. engine on Ki 55 (Ida) Advanced Trainer.
17.

All

wood.

blade,

8.2

ft.

diam., fixed pitch, to fit 280 hp. engine on Ki 76 (Stella) Trainer.

18.

All

wood. 2 blade.

6.7

ft.

diam.. fixed pitch, to fit 110 hp, engine on Ki 86 (Cypress) Trainer. 19. All metal, 3 blade, 10.0 ft. diam., constant speed to fit 1,260 hp. engine on Ki.44 (Tojo) Advanced Trainer. 20. All metal. 3 blade, 10.0 ft. diam. constant speed to fit 1,500 hp. engine on Ki 102 Fighter. 21. All metal. 4 blade, 11.8 ft. diam.. constant speed to fit 1,775 hp. engines on Ki. 67

(Peggy) Bomber.
Total

Appendix C.

Propeller prududiun,

January 1939-July 1945

Coiitiiiiied
''''"''''" twin-

Type
Janu- February

ary

Mareh

April

May

June

July

Aupust

De

i-ie-

j^^^r

"be?"

T'nlol

All metal, 3 blade. 11.1 fl. diajn., eonstant speed U) fit S5U

Government orders.
Actual production.

hp.

ensine on

Ki

21

(Sally)

Bomber.
All metal. 2 blade, 9.5 ft. diam.. fixed piteh. to fit 0.50 hp. engine on Ki 27 (iN'ote) Fitrhter. All metal. 3 blade, .(ift. diam., fixed pitch to fit S50 hp. engine

Government

orders.
.

.\etnal production

on Ki 32 (Mary) Trainer. All nielal, 3 blade. a.O ft diam..

.

(tovenunent orders .\ctual production .

fl.ved iiitch to fit 4,'i(l hp. engines on Ki 34 (Thora) Trainer. All wood, 2 blade, 8.2 ft. diam.. fixed i)ileh. to fit 3,50 hp. engine on Ki 9 (.Spruce) Trainer. ,\11 wood, 2 blade, 7.2 ft. diam., fixed I'iteh. to fit 150 hp. engine on Ki 17 Trainer. All metal, 3 blade. .S) ft. diam.. fixed pitch, to fit S.'JO hp. engine on Ki \R (Babs) Trainer. All metal. 2 blade, b.2 It. diam., fixed pitch, to fit 450 hp. engine on Ki 30 (Ida) Liaison. All metal. 3 blade, 9.5 ft. diam.. constant sjieed, to fit 950 hp. engine on Ki4S (Lily) Bomber. 0. All metal, 3 blade, 10.8 ft. diam., constant speed, to fit 1.080 hp. engine on Ki 57 (Toiisy) Transport.
1.

Government Government

orders. .\etual production

.

orders. .\etual productitjn

.

100 too

161)
1.5,S

100 100

160 160

150 150

165 165

180 182

160 158

100 100

too

100

1011

22

22

555 1.314
1,

(loveriunent orders. Actual i)roduction

Government orders
.\ctual production

Government

orders. .\ctual production

.

Government orders
.Actual production
.

150
1,50

130
13(1

110
110

467
467
170 170

Government orders
Actual production

120 120

180 180

190 190

180 180

180 165

100 97

50 26

320 1,277
1.

All netal. and combination wood blade with metal huh, 2

blade, 9.0 ft. diam., fixed pitch, to fit 450 hp. engine on Ki 54 (Hicliory) Trainer. 2. All metal, 3 blade, 9.2 ft. diam, constant speed to fit 950 hjj. engine on Ki 43 (Oscar) Fighter. metal, 3 blade, 9.7 ft. 13. All diam., constant speed to fit 900 hp. engine on Ki 51 (Souia) Fighter. 14. All metal, 3 blade, 9.S ft.

Government

orders. .\clual production.

150 150

20 22

30
.30

90 90

110 110

too too

200 200

KHI 58

965 925

Government

orders.
.

Actual production

280 280

285 285

300 300

380 380

400 400

420 420

410 410

410 410

300 260

350 300

300 248

400 362

4,

4.

235 055

Government

orders.
_

Actual production

diam.. constant s] eed.tofit90O hp. engine on Ki 40 (Dinah)

Government

orders.
.

Actual production

Recon.
15.

Combination

wood

blade

with metal huh. 2 blade. 9.5 ft. diam.. constant speed to fit 450 hp. engine on Ki 79 (Xote) Advanced Trainer.
Hi.

Combination wood blade with metal hub. 2 blade. 8.2 ft. Govt'rnment orders. diam.. constant speed to fit 450 '.\ctuat production.. hp. engine on Ki 55 (Ida) Advanced Trainer.
All

17.

wood, 2 blade,

8.2

ft.

diam.. fixed pitch, to fit 280 hp. engine on Ki 76 (.'itella) Trainer.

18.

Government orders.
.\ctual product ion
.

20 20

20 20

All

wood,

blade.

6 7

ft.

diam.. fixed pitch, to fit 110 hp. engine on Ki 80 (Cypress) Trainer. 19. All metal, 3 blade, 10.0 ft. diam., constant speed to fit 1,260 h]>. imgine on Ki 44 (Tojo) Advanced Trainer. 20. All metal, 3 blade, 10.0 ft. diam., constant speed to fit 1,500 hp. engine on Ki 102
Fighter.
21.

Government

orders.

Actual i)roduclion

280 289

250 258

350 350

4(KI

40(1

3S5 385

420 419

400 370

400
3,50

4(10

401

400 400

Go\ernment orders
Actual production
.

11(1

130
13(1

110

120 120

160 160

180 180

210 210

48
48

All metal, 4 blade, 11.8 diam., constant speed to 1.775 hp. engines on Ki (Peggy) Bomber.

fl.

fit

67

Total

Appendix

C. Propeller production, January 1939-July 1945

Continued
August

1M5

Type
Janu-

Febru-

March

April

May

June

July

timber

ber

vember

her

T"

1.

All metal. 3 blade, 11.1 ft. (liam.. constant speed to tit 850 Government orders. hp.enffine on Ki 21 (Sally) |.\ctual production.
I

Bomber.
2
.\11 metal, 2 blade. 9.5 ft. diam. fixed pitch, to fit 650 hp. engine on Ki 27 (Xate) Fighter. All metal. 3 blade. 9.0 ft diam.. flwd pitch to fit 850 hi), engme
.

[Government orders,
Actual production,
I

3.

[Government orders.
.\ctual production,.
I

on Ki 32 (Mary) Trainer.
4

,5.

6.

7.

8.

diam.. fi.xed pitch to fit 450 hp. engines on Ki 34 (Thora) Trainer. .ill wood. 2blade. 8.2ft. diam.. fixed pitch, to fit 350 hji engines on Ki 9 (Spruce) Tiainer. Allwood.2blade.".2 ft. diam., fixed pitch, to fit 160 hp. engme on Ki 17 Trainer. .\11 metal. 3 blade. 9.9 ft. diam., fi.xed pitch, to fit 550 hp. engine on Ki 15 (Babs) Trainer. Allmetal. 2bladc.8.2ft. diam.. fixed pitch, to fit 4.50 hp. engine
\11 metal. 3 blade. 9.0
ft.

[Government orders.
(

.\ctual [production.

Government

orders.

100

100

100

.\ctual production..

36

Government

orders.

-Actual production.

Go vernin ent orders [Actual production..

I,

! Government orders.

on Ki36 (Ida) Liaison.

9.

-Actual production.

All metal. 3 blade. 9.5 (t. diam.. cfjiistant speed, to fit 950 hp. engine on Ki 48 (Lily) Bomber. 10. All metal. 3 blade. 10.8 ft. diam.. constant speed to fit 1.080 hp. engine on Ki 57 (Topsy)

[Government
I

orders.

Actual i)roduction.

Government orders.
Actual production..

Transport. il. .\ll metal, and combination wood blade with metal hub. 2 blade. 9.0 ft. diam.. fixed pilch, to fit 450 hp. engine on Ki 54 (Hickory) Tiainer. 12. All metal. 3 blade. 9.2 ft. diam.. constant speed to fit 950 hp. engine on Ki 43 (Oscar) Fighter. 13. All metal. 3 blade. 9.7 ft. diam.. constant speed to fit 900 hp. engine on Ki 51 (Sonia)
Fighter.
14.

Government

orders.

Actual ijroduction...

All metal. 3 blade. 9.8 ft. diam.. constant speed, to fit 900 hp. engine on Ki 40 (Dinah)

Recon.
15.

Combination wood blade

9.5
ft.

with metal hub, 2 blade,

diam., constant six'ed to fit 450 hp. engine on Ki 79 (Nate) .\dvanct'd Trainer.
Ifi.

(Combination wood blade

2 blade, 8.2
ft.

with metal hub.

4.50

diam.. constant six-ed to fit hp. engine on Ki 55 (Ida) .\dvanced Trainer. 2 blade, 8.2 ft. 17. All wood. diam.. fixed pitch, to fit 280 hp engine on Ki 76 (Stella) Trainer.
18.

All

wood,

blade,

6.7

ft.

diam., fi.xed pitch, to fit 110 h|j engine on Ki 86 (Cypress) Trainer. 19. All metal, 3 blade, 10.0 ft. diam., constant si'e<l to fit 1,260 hp. engine on Ki 44 (Tojo) .\dyanced Trainer. 20. All metal, 3 blade, 10.0 ft. diam., constant six^ed to fit 1500 hp. engine on Ki 102 Fighter. 21. All metal, 4 blade, 11.8 It. diam., constant si)eed to fit Ki 67 1,775 hp. engine, on

(Peggy) Bomber.

Appendix D. Fuel tank

production, Uclohcr l!)4t-Augusl 1945

1941

Typi'

January
1

FebruMarch ary

April

May

June

July

August

,S_ep-,,

O'er"

vembcr ""bfr""" Total

70 82
-

I2-U'allcin to fit Fig'litpr.

!.

Ki27 (Nate)

rOovemment
1

orders

--_
-

Actual production..
-...
..'.
-

50 50

120 118
-

240 250

1.

to lit Ki43 (Os- f Government orderslActual production car) Fielitcr. 12-salloii to fit Ki44 (Tojo) ((.lovenniu'iu orders
20-i;i<ll()ii

I.

Fighter. 20-Rallon

for Fijrhters.
i.

5.

\Actual production. interchangeable (Clovcniment orderslAelual production... Ki4K ((loveniineiit orders fit 4n-Ralion to i.\flual pniduetion (Dinah) Recon. Kill? (luverunu'iit orders to fit eO-Kallon \.\etual production (Peggy) Bomlxr. Kil()2 Klovernment orders to fit SO-gallon lActual production i'igliter.
I

..^
.--..
-

--

--

.-

-.

.--

I'otal

fdovemment

orders

1942

\Aetur,l production

50 60

70 82

120 118

240 250

1.

12-gallontofltKi27(Nate)
Fighter.
2(l-gallon to fit Ki43 (Oscar) Fighter. 12-gallon to fit Ki44 (Tojo)

f 1
f

Government orders
Actual production

160 160

200 176

|2.

Government orders..
Actual production Actual production
60 61

300 295 50
150 199

300
351 150 10 260 260

300 380
150 136

300 399
150

300
323 150 120 300 270

300
331 150 223 250 226

lActual production

i3.

/Government orders
\

4.

Fighter. 20-gallon interchangeable for Fighters. Ki40 to fit 5. 40-g:dlon

260 287

205 250 272

300 300 200 200 200 199

300 46 250 682 200

184 20 14
.-,...

300 839 200 166

30

/Government orders...
1

1,000 1,341 200 128 50

2.750 2,750 2,560 3,668 2,300 2,222 100 14

/Government orders
t-^ctual production

(Dinah) Recon.
6. fiO-gallon

to to

fit

Ki()7

(Government orders..
--.
-

(Peggv) Boml)er.
7.

30-gallon Fighter.

fit

t.\ctual production KilU2 (Govermnent orders

/Actual production..

Total

/Government orders
\Actual ijroduction

150 150

260 226

600 494

700 611

700 803

700

876

750 719

700 780

700 705

770 826

530 995

1,250 1,469

7,700 8.654

1943

1.

2.

3.

4.

6.

12-gallon to fit Ki27 (Nate) Fighter. 20-gallontofltKi43 (Oscar) Fighter. 12-gallon to fit Ki44 (Tojo) Fighter. 20-gaUon interchangeable for Fighters. Ki4fi 40-gallon to fit

/Government orders
\.\ctual production /Government orders
-

/Actual production

/Government orders
/Actual production

1,000 989 200

53 100 100

1,300 1,276 260

150 240

1,030 1,066
25(1

64

/Government orders
/Actual Iiroduction

200
151

1,300 1,460 400 232 260 650

1,300 1,160 500 500 650 607

1,000 928 500 500 630 620

750 805 750 800 900 900

600
584

800 800 1,000 970

570 580 700 700 1,000 634

570 606 600

71)0

1,000 688

570 550 600 715 1,000 690

683 424 600 720 1.000 650

10,573 10,417 6,160 5,784 7,780 6,600

.-

/Government orders
..
.

/.Actual production 60-gallon to flt Ki67 (Peg- /Government orders Bomber. /.\ctual production.. gy) Kil02 /Government orders to flt 7. 30-gallon /.\etual /iroduction Fighter.
6.

(Dinah) Recon.

.:

...

24,503 22,801

Total

/Government orders
lActual production

1,300 1,142

1,700 1,515

1,480 1,281

1,950 2,242

2,350 2,157

2,130 2,048

2,400 2,506

2,300 2,364

2,270 1,914

2,170 1,994

2,170 1,856

2,283 1,794

12-gallon to

fit

Ki27 (Nate) /Government orders

700 654 550 600 1.000 1,000

.-

/.Actual production..20-gallon to flt Ki43 (Os- /Government orders car) Fighter. (Actual /iroduction 3. 12-gallon to fit Ki44 (Tojo) /Government orders . . Fighter. /Actual production ... 4. 20-gallon interchangeable /Govcrnm.'nt orders. .. for Fighters. /Aetua) l.roilliction ... 5. 40-gallon to fit Ki46 (Di- /Gnv.Tnmint orders
2.

Fighter.

760 716
600 501 1,070 1,036
.

800

820
500 550 900 960

1,000 1,000
.500

623

800 934
.

1,000 1,000 600 514 800 943

.

1,100 1,100
.500

292 750 705

..

1,027 126 300 209 700 526 30

300 352
700 958 70 109

200
401 660

200
291 660 784 100 97

200
179

200
100

6,377 6,415 4.460

4, .572

845
100
141

600 942
150

600 690 200

101

nah) Recon.
6.

60-gallon to

flt

gy) Bomber.
7.

30-gallon Fighter.
T-nti """

to

/Actual production Ki67 (Peg- /Government orders-/.Actual production.fit Kil02 iGovcrnment orders /.Actual production
.

30
--_

46 70 48

100 100

9,220 10,312 660 494 200 148

-

2,2.50

/Government

orders

/Actual produsion-

2,254

2,320 2,252

2,200 2,320

2,300 2,467

2,300 2,457

2,350 2,097

2,057 920

1,070 1,419

9.50

1,387

980 1,172

1,020 1.215

1.100 991

20,897 20,941

21

Appendix D. Fuel Innk

prodiiciioit, October

1941-August 194o

Continued
SepOctoNo"-- ,^^-^ Decern ToW ---

Tape
January

Febru- ,, March

200 165 600 492 30O 9

1.50

.^,, April

May

_, June

_,,, August July .,,

,-{J
_^

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

12-gallon to fit Ki27(Nrit(?) Fighter. to lit Ki43 20-gallon (Oscar) Fighter. 12-gnIlontofit Ki44(Toio) Fighter. 20-gallon interchangeable for Fighters. Ki4fi to fit 411-gallon

fOovcnimont orders
\Actuiil pio'iiictiiin

.__
'

iGovmim.Mil
\.\etu
il

rdi-rs

.__

proiiiulkiii

/Goveriiiuint rders

\Actual iniiduction
/OoviTiiiiuiit .iiciors \Aetll;il priKluitinn

200 234 600 620

2.50

/Goveniliuiit ..nlers
\Actu.il [iroduction

200 238 600 636 500

150

_.

fiOO

(Dinah! Recon.
6.

80
100

60-gallon

to to

fit

(Peggvi Bomber.
7.

30-gaiIon Fighter-

fit

KiO? /Government orders (Actual production Kil02 (Government orders t.Actual production

55

SO

200 305

2S5 60O 600 500 120 250 400

_.

600 473 500 16S

3011

166 500
51

187

_.

..

500
.50

500 40
.500

500
.500

500 500

500 500

500

922 3.000 3.174 5.550

7.58

342

200 82

500 8S

no 100

3.700 1.412
1.000

200

300

400

loiai
,
,

(Government orders
\ Actual

1.160

1.2.50

production

989

836

1,500 1,329

1,350 1,405

1.400 983

700 299

1,000 325

1,100
100

1,200

1,300

1.400

-500

13.851 6,266

22

UNITED STATES STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY

LIST

OF REPORTS
21

Tlio foUovviiis is a bil)liography of reports result irig from the Survey's studies of tlie Kiiropeau and Pacific wars. Certain of tliese reports may le purchased from the Superinteudeiit of Documents at the Goveriimeut Printing Office, Wasliington, I). C. Permission to examine the remaining reports may be had by writing to the Headquarters of the Survey at Gravelly Point, Washington 25, D. C.

Vereinigte Deutsche Metalhverke, Hildesheim, Ger-

many
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Metallgussgesellschaft

Aluminiumwerk

G m
G

G b H, Leipzig, Germany b H, Plant No. 2, Bitterfeld,

Germany
GebruederGinlini

Luftschiffbau, Zeppelin

m b H, Ludwigshafen, Germany G m b H, Friedrichshafen

European War

OFFICE OF THE CHAIRMAN

1

on Bodensee, Germany Wieland Werke A G, Ulm, Germany Rudolph Rautenbach Leiehmetallgiessereien, Solingen, Ciermany Li])pewerke Veveinigle .Vluminiumwerke A G, Lunen.

The United States Strategic Bombing Survey: Summary Report (pjuroijean War) The United States Strategic Bombing Survey: Overall Report (European War) The Effects of Strategic Bombing on the German War Kconomv

Germany
29
30
Vereinigte

Deutsche

Metalhverke,

Heddernheim,

Germany
Duerener Metalhverke A G, Duren Wittenau-Berlin & Waren, Germany

AREA STUDIES DIVISION

31 32

AIRCRAFT DIVISION
(By Division and Branch)
4
'5

Aircraft Division Industry Report Inspection Visits to Various Targets (Special Report)

33
34

Airframes Branch

35
36

Junkers Aircraft and Aero Engine Works, Dessau,

Germany
7 8
'J

Erla Alaschinenwerke

G m b H,

A T G Maschinenbau,

GmbH,

Heiterblick, Cxerman Leipzig (Mockau),

37 38
39

10
11

12 13 14

Ciermany Gothaer Waggonfalirik, A G, Gotha, Germany Focke Wulf Aircraft Plant, Bremen, Germany Over-all Report Part A Messerschmitt A G, Augsburg, Ciermany Part B Appendices I, II, III Dornier Works, Friedrichshafen & Munich, Germany Gerhard Fieseler Werke G m b It, Kassel, Germany Wiener Neustaedter Flugzeugwerke, Wiener NeuI
|

Area Studies Division Report A Detailed Study of the Effects of Area Bombing on Hamburg A Detailed Study of the Effects of Area Bombing on Wuppertal A Detailed Study of the Effects of Area Bombing on Dusseldorf A Detailed Study of the Effects of Area Bombing on Solingen A Detailed Study of the Effects of Area Bombing on Remscheid A Detaileid Study of the Effects of Area Bombing on Darmstadt A Detailed Study of the Effects of Area Bombing on Lubeck A Brief Study of the Effects of Area Bombing on Berlin, Augsburg, Bochum, Leipzig, Hagen, Dortmund, Oberhausen, Schweinfurt, and Bremen

CIVILIAN DEFENSE DIVISION

40

stadt, Austria

H
42 43 44 45 46

Aero Engines Branch

1.

Civilian Defense Division Cologne Field Report Bonn Field Report Hanover Field Report

F'inal

Report

Bussing
wick,

NAG

Flugmotorenwerke

G m

b H, Bruns-

Hanibnr..! Field Report Vol Bad Oldesloe Field Report

I,

Text; Vol

II, E.xhibits

Germany

Augsburg Field Report

Reception Areas in Bavaria, Germany

in
17 15
1'.)

Mittel-Deutsche Motorenwerke

G m

b H, Taucha,

47

Germany
Bavarian ^lotor Works Inc, Eisenach

&

Durrerhof,

EQUIPMENT DIVISION
Electrical

German V
Bayerische

Motorenwerke A

G (BMW)

Munich,
48 49

Branch

Germany
Henschel Flugmotorenwerke, Kassel, Germany
Light Metal Branch

German Electrical Equipment Industry Report Brown Boveri et Cie, Mannheim Kafertal, Germany
Optical

and Precision Instrument Branch

20

Light Metals Industry/Part [Part of Germany

I,

Aluminnm II, Magnesium

oO

Optical and Precision Instrument Industry Report

23

Abrasives Branch
51

Submarine Branch
92 93 94 95 96

52

Tho Ck'rman Abrasive Industry Mayer and Schmidt, Offenbach on Main, Germany
Anti-Friction Branch

German Submarine Industry Report

Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nurnberg

G,

Augs-

53

The German Anti-Friction Bearings

Indvistry

burg, Germany Blohm and Voss Shipyards, Hamburg, Germany Deutschewerke A. G, Kiel, Germany Deutsche Schiff und Maschinenbaii, Bremen, Ger-

Machine Tools Branch

54 55 56 57 58

many

Machine Tools & Macliinery as Capital Equijnnent Machine Tool Industry in German}' Herman Kolb Co., Cologne, Germany Collet and Engelhard, Offenbach, Germany Xaxos Union, Frankfort on jNIain, Germany

97 98 99 100

Friedrich

Krupp Germaniawerft,

Kiel,

Germany

Howaldtswerke A. G, Hamburg, Germany Submarine Assembly Shelter, Farge, Germany Bremer Vulkan, Vegesack, Germany

Ordnance Branch
101 102

MILITARY ANALYSIS DIVISION

59

60
61 62

German Air Force V-\Veapons (Crossbow) Campaign

of the

The Defeat

Friedrich

Ordnance Industry Report Krupp Grusonwerke A.

SMagdeburg,

Air Force Kate of Operation ^^'eather Factors in Combat Bombardment Operations in the European Theatre

103
104 105 106

Bombing Accuracv, USAAF Heavv and Medium Bombers in the ETO 64 Description of RAF Bombing 64a The Impact of the Allied Air Effort on German Lo63
gistics

Germany Bochumer Verein fuer Gusstahifabrikation A G, Bochum, Germany Henschel & Sohn, Kassel, Germany Rheinmetall-Bonsig, Dusseldorf, Germany

Hermann Goering Werke, Braunschweig, Germany

Hallendorf,

107 108

Hannoverische JNIaschinenbau, Hanover, Germany Gusstahlfabrik Friedrich Krupp, Essen, Germany

MORALE DIVISION
64b The Effects of Strategic Bombing on German Morale

OIL DIVISION
109 110
111
Oil Division, Final Report Oil Division, Final Report,

Medical Branch
65

The
in

Effect of

Bombing on Health and

IVIedical

Care
112 113 114

Germany

Appendix Powder, Explosives, Special Rockets and Jet Propellants. War Gases and Smoke Acid (Ministerial Report #1)

MUNITIONS DIVISION
Heavy Industry Branch
66 67 68 69 70
71

Underground and Dispersal Plants

in

Greater Ger-

many The German

78

Oil Industry, Ministerial

Report

Team

The Coking Industry Report on Germany

Coking Plant Report No.
1,

Ministerial Report on Chemicals

Sections A,"B, C,

& D
Oil

Gutehoffnungshuette, Oberhausen, Germany Friedrich-Alfred Huette, Rheinhausen, Germany Neunkirchen Eisenwerkc A G, Neunkirchen, Ger-

Branch
b H, Leuna, Ger-

many
72 73

115

Reichswerke Hermann Goeruig A G, Hallendorf, (jermany August Thyssen Huette A G, Hamborn, Germany Friedrich Krupp A G, Borbeck Plant, Essen, Ger-

116 117 118 119 120

121

Ammuniak werke INIerseburg G m many 2 Appendices Braunkohle Benzin A G, Zeitz and

Wintershall

G, Leutzkendorf,
of
I

Bohlen, Germany Germany

Farbenindiistrie

Ludwigshafen-Oppau Works

74 75 76

many Dortmund Hoerder Germany

Hoesch

A G, Ludwigshafen, Germany
Huettenverein,

G, Dortmund.

Ruhroel Hydrogenation Plant,

Bottrop-Boy, Ger-

A G, Dortmund, Germany Bochumer Verein fuor Gusstahifabrikation A G, Bochum, Germany

Motor Vehicles and Tanks Branch

77 78 79 80
81

82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91

German Motor Vehicles Industry Report Tank Industry Report Daimler Benz A G, Unterturkheim, Germany Renault Motor Vehicles Plant, Billancourt, Paris Adam Opel, Russelheim, Germany Dainiler Benz-Ciaggenau Works, Gaggenau, Germany
Maschinenfabrik

122
123

many, Vol, I, Vol. II Rhenania Ossag Mineraloelwerke A G, Harburg Refinery, Hamburg, Germany Rhenania Ossag Mineraloelwerke A G, Grasbrook Refinery, Hamburg, Germany Rhenania Ossag Mineraloelwerke A G, Wilhelmsburg Refinery, Hamburg, Germany Gewerkschaft Victor Castrop-Rauxel, Germany, Vol.
I

&

Vol. II

124
125

E\iropaeische Tanklagcr und Transport A G, burg, Germany Ebano Asphalt Werke A G, Harburg Refinery,
bin-g,

Ham-

HamI

Germany
Oil Plant

Augsburg-N urn berg,

Nurnborg,

Mecrbeck Rheinpreu.s.sen Synthetic

Germany
Auto Union A G, Chemnitz and Zwickau, (iermany Henschel <t Sohn, Kassel, Germany Maybaeh Motor Works, Friodrichshafen, Germany Voigtlander, Maschinenfabrik .V G, Plauen, Germany Volkswagenwerkc, Fallersleben, Germany Bu.ssing N.\Ci, Brunswick, Germany Muehlenbau Industrie A G (Miag) Brunswick, Ger-

&

Vol.

Vol. II

Rubber Branch
126

Deutsche Dunlo]) Gunimi Co., Hanau on

Main,

Germany
127 128 129 (kmtinental Gunimiwerke, Hanover, Germany Huels Synthetic Rubber Plant Ministerial Report on German Rubber Industry

many
F'riedrich KruiJti

Grusonwcrke, Magdeburg, Germany

24

Propellants Branch
130 131 132

Elektrochemischewerke, Munich, Germany Sehoenebeck Explosive Plant, I^isnose Sprciigstoff Werke G m )> H, Bad SalzenuMi. Germany Plants of Dynamit A G, Vormal, Alfred Nobel & Go, Troisdorf, Clausthal, Drummel and Duuebcrg,

84 185 180 187 188

189 190
191

Daimler-Benz A G, Mannheim, Germany Synthetic Oil Plant, Meerbeck-Hamburg, Germany G"ewerkschatt Victor, Castrop-Uauxcl, (iermany Klockner Huiiiboldt Deutz, L'lm, Germany Ruhroel Hydrogenation Plant, Bottrop-Boy, Ger-

many
Neukirchen Eisenwerke A G, Neukirclien, Germany Railway Viaduct at Altenbecken, Germany Railway Viaduct at Arnsburg, Germany Deurag-Nerag Refineries, Misburg, Germany Fire Raids on German Cities I G F'arbenindustrie, Ludwigshafen, Germany, Vol I

Germany
133

Deutsche Sprengchemie

GmbH,

Kraiburg, Ger-

many

OVERALL ECONOMIC EFFECTS DIVISION

134 Overall Economic Effects Division Report papers Special Gross National Product ] which togetlier Kriegseilbcrichte , the comprise Herman Goering Works above report Food and Agriculture J 134a Industrial Sales Output and Productivity
I |

192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199

&
I

Vol II

in Marshalling Yard, Ulm, Germany Farbendustrie, Leverkusen, Germany Chemische- Werke, Heuls, Germany Gremberg Marshalling Yard, Gremberg, Germany Locomotive Shops and Bridges at Hamm, Germany

Roundhouse

TRANSPORTATION DIVISION
PHYSICAL DAMAGE DIVISION
200
Physical Damage Division Report (ETC) Viliacoublay Airdrome, Paris, France Railroad Repair Yards, Malines, Belgium Railroad Repair Yards, Louvain, Belgium Railroad Repair Yards, Hassclt, Belgium Railroad Repair Yards, Namvir, Belgium Submarine Pens, Brest, France Powder Plant, Augouleme, France Powder Plant, Bergerac, France Coking Plants, Montigny & Liege, Belgium
Effects of Strategic Bombing on Germany Transportation Rail Operations Over the Brenner Pass Effects of Bombing on Railroad Installations in Regensburg, Nvu'nberg and Munich Divisions. German Locomotive Industry During the War German iNIilitary Railroad Traffic

The

201 202

203 204

UTILITIES DIVISION
205 206 207 208
Electric Utilities Industry Report to 10 in Vol I "Utilities Division Plant Reports" 11 to 20 in Vol II "Utilities Division Plant Reports" 21 Rheinische-Westfalische Elektrizitaetswerk

German
1

Fort

St. Blaise

Gnome

et

Verdun Group, ]\Ietz, France Rhone, Limoges, F'rancc

Michelin Tire Factory, Clermont-Ferrand, France Gnome et Rhone Aero Engine Factory, Le Mans,

A G

France
Kugelfischer Bearing Ball Plant, Ebelsbach, Ger-

Pacific

War
War)

many
S.

Louis Breguet Aircraft Plant, Toulouse, France N. C. A. S. E. Aircraft PlanI, Toulouse, France A. I. A. Aircraft Plant, Toulouse, France

OFFICE OF THE CHAIRMAN

1

Summary Report
The
Effects of

(Pacific

V Weapons

in

London

City Area of Krcfeld Public Air Raid Shelters in Germany Goldenberg Therinal Electric Power Station, Knapsack,

2 3

Japan's Struggle to

End The War Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and

Nagasaki

Germany

Brauweiler Transformer
weiler,

&

Switching Station, Brau-

CIVILIAN STUDIES
Civilian

Germany Germany

Storage Depot, Nahbollenbach,

Defense Division

Railway and Road Bridge, Bad Munster, Germany Railway Bridge, Eller, Germany Gustlofi'- Werke Weimar, Weimar, Germany Henschell & Sohn G m b H, Kassel, Germany Area Survey at Pirnuisens, Germany Hanomag, Hanover, Germany Werke Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany Friedrich Krupp A G, Essen, Germany Erla Maschinenwcrke, G m b H, Heiterblick, Ger-

MAN

many A T G Maschinenbau G

b H, Mockau, Germany b H, Mockau, Germany Erla Maschinenwcrke G Bayerische Motorenwerke, Durrerhof, Germany b H, Taucha, Mittel-Dcutsche Motorenwerke G

m m

10
11

Germany
Submarine Pens Deutsche-Werft, Hamljurg, Ger-

many
Multi-Storied Structures, Hamburg, Germany Continental Gumniiwcrke, Hanover, Germany Kassel Marshalling Yards, Kassel, Germany Ammoniawerke, Merseburg, Leuna, Germany Brown Boveri et Cie, Mannheim, Kafertal, Germany Adam Oi)el A G, Russelsheim, Germany Daimler-Benz A G, Unterturkheim, Germany Valentin Sulimarine Assembly, Farge, Germany Volkswaggon werke, Fallersleben, Germany Railway Viaduct at Bielefeld, Germany Ship Yards Howakltswerke, Hamburg, Germany Blohm and Voss Shipyards, Hamburg, Germany

Field Report Covering Air Raid Protection and Allied Subjects, Tokyo, Japan Field Report Covering Air Raid Protection and Allied Subjects, Nagasaki, Japan Field Report Covering Air Raid Protection and Allied Subjects, Kyoto, Japan Field Report Covering Air Raid Protection and Allied Subjects, Kobe, Japan Field Report Covering Air Raid Protection and Allied Subjects, Osaka, Japan Field Report Covering Air Raid Protection and Allied No. 1 Subjects, Hiroshima, Japan Summary Report Covering Air Raid Protection and Allied Subjects in Japan Final Report Covering Air Raid Protection and Allied Subjects in Japan

Medical Division
12 13

Bombing on Health and Medical ServJapan The Effects of Atomic Bombs on Health and Medical Services in Hiroshima and Nagasaki
The
Effects of
ices in

Morale Division
14

The

Effects of Strategic

Bombing on Japanese Morale

25

ECONOMIC STUDIES
Aircraft Division

33

Nissan Automobile

Corporettion Report No.

Company XVIII

The Japanese Aircraft Industry Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

Corporation Report
(Mitsubistii
iVo. /

34

Jukogyo

KK1

(Nissan Jidosha KK) (Engines) Army Air Arsenal & Navy Air Depots Corporation Report No. XIX (Airframes and Engines)

(Airframes

&

Engines)

35

Japan Aircraft Underground

Report
A'O.

Malcajima Aircraft Company, Ltd.

Corporation Report A'o. // (Nalcajima Hilcok KK) (.-Virframes & Engines)
IS

.VA

Basic Materials Division

Kawanishi Aircraft Company

Corporation Report Xo. Ill

36

Coal and Metals

in

Japan's

War Economy

(Vol.

1)

(Kawanishi Kolvuici Kabushiki Kaisha)

(Airframes)
19

Capital

Goods, Equipment and Construction Division

Kawasaki Aircraft Industries Compan.v,

Corporation Report No,

Inc.

37

IV
Kogyo
Kahushil<i

(Kawasaki
(

Kokuki

Kaisha) Aiiframes

38 39

Tlie Japanese Construction Industry Japanese Electrical Equipment Tlie Japanese Machine Building Industry Electric

20

Aiclii Aircraft

& Engines) Company

Power Division

Corporation. Report IVo. (Aichi Koliuki KK)

40
41

(Airframes
21

&

Engines)

The The

Electric

Sumitomo Metal

Industries, Propeller Division

Electric ports)

Power Industry of Jajian Power Industry of Japan (Plant Re-

Corporation Report Xo.

Seizosho)
(Propellers)

VI (Sumitomo Kinzoku Kogyo KK, Puropera

42

Manpower, Food and

Civilian

Supplies Division
of Living

23

Hitachi Aircraft Company Corporation Report A'o. I'// (Hitachi Kokuki KK) (Airframes & Engines) .Japan International Air Industries, Corporation Report A^o. VIII
(Airframes)

The Japanese Wartime Standard zation of Manpower

and Vt

ili-

Military Supplies Division

Ltfl.

(Nippon Kokusai Koku Kogyo

24

KK)

Japan Musical Instrument Manufacturing Comiiaiiy

Corporation Report No. IX (Nippon Gakki Seizo KK)
(Propellers)

43 44 45 46 47 48

Japanese

War

Production Industries

.Japanese Naval Ordnance

Japanese Army Ordnance Japanese Naval Shipbuilding Japanese Motor Vehicle Industry Japanese Merchant Shipbuilding
Oil

2-)

Tachikawa Aircraft Company

Corporation Report
(Airframes)
A'o.

X
KK)
49 50
51 52

and Chemical Division

(Tachikawa Hikoki
26

Cliemicals in Japan's

War

Fuki Airplane

Company

Corporation Report No. (Fuki Hikoki KK) (Airframes)

XI

Chemicals in Japan's War Appendix Oil in Japan's War Oil in Japan's War A])pendix

27

Showa

.\irplane

Company

Overall Economic Effects Division

Corporation Report No.

(Airframes)

XII

(Showa Hikoki Kogyo

2S

KK)

53

The Effects of Strategic Bombing on Japan's War Economy (Including Appendix A: U. S. Economic
Japan Analysis and Comparison; Appendix B: Gross National Product on Japan and Its CoiniKinenIs; .\ppendix C: Statistical
Sources).
Intelligence on

Ishikawajima Aircraft Industries Company, Ltd. Corporation Report No. XIII (Ishikawajima Koku Kogyo Kabushiki
(Kaisha) (Engines) Nippon Airplane Company Corporation Report No.

29

Transportation Division

XIV
54
Tlie

(Nippon Ilikoki
(Airframes)

KK)

War

Against Japanese Transijortation,

1941-

30

Kyushu

.\irplane

Company

1945

Corporation Report No.

XV
55

Urban Areas Division

Effects of Air Attack on Japanese

(Kyushu Hikoki
(Airframes)
31

KK)
Urban Econtunv

Shoda Engineering Company

Corporation Report No. (Shoda Soisakujo) (Component.?) .Mitaka .Aircraft Industries Corporation Report AV.

(Summary Report)
56
Effects of Air Attack on

XVI

L>ban Complex Tokyo-

Kawasaki- Yokohama
.\'l'//

32

(Mitaka Koku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaislia) (Components)

57 58 59 60

Effects of Air Attack on the City of Nagoya Effects of Air Attack on Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Effects of Air Attack on the City of Nagasaki Effects of Air Attack on the Citv of Hiroshima

26

MILITARY STUDIES
Military Analysis Division

87

Report

of Ships
I),

Bombardment

Surv(!y Party (ICn-

88
61

Air Forces Allied with the United States in the

War
89

('omments and Data on F^ffectivene-ss of Anununition Report of vShips Bombardment Survey Party (lOnclosure J), Comments and Data on .\ccuracy of
closure

Against Japan
62 63 64 65
0(1

Firing

Jajianose Air Power Japanese Air Weapons and Tactics The Effect of Air Action on Jajianese Groinid Army Logistics Kmployment of Forces Under the Southwest Pacific

Reports of

Sliips

closure K), Effects of Surface Japanese War Potential

Bombardment Survey Party (I-JnBombardments on

Command
The
Strategic Air Operations of Very Heavy Bomin the War Against Japan (Twentieth Air Force) Air Operations in China, Burma, India World War

Physical

Damage
Cities)

Control
Attack.';

bardment

90
91

Effect of the Incendiary

Bomb

on Japan

fa

Report on Eight

67 68 69 70
71

The

Effects of the

Ten Thousand Pound Bomb cm

II

The

Air Transport JaiJan

Command

in

the

War

Against

The Thirteenth Air Force in the War Against Japan The Seventh and Eleventh Air Forces in the War

92 93 94

The

Against Ja])an Fifth Air Force

95

in

the

War

Against Japan

Japanese Targets (a Report on Nine Incidents) Effects of the .\tomic Bomb on Hiroshima, Japan Effects of the Atomic Bomb on Nagasaki. Jajjan Effects of the Four Thousand Pound Btunb on Japanese Targets (a Re])ort on Five Incidents) Effects of Two Thousand, One Thousand, and Five Hundred Pcnnid Bombs on Ja])aneso Targets (a Report on I'jight Incidents)

96

A Report on
Report)

Physical

Damage

in .ra|)an

(Summary

Naval Analysis Division

72 73 74 75 76
77 78

The
II)

Interrogations of Japanese Officials (Vols. I

and
97 98
99
100
101

2 Division

Campaigns of the Pacific War The Reduction of Wake Island The Allied Campaign Against Rabaul The American Campaign Against Wotje, Maloelap, Milk', and Jaluit (Vols. I,TI and III) The Reduction of Truk The Offensive Mine Laying Campaign Against Japan
Report
word,
of Ships

79

Bombardment Survey Party

Conclusions,

ForeGeneral

Introduction,

and

Summary
80
81

82 83

84 85
86

Report of Ships Bombardment closure A), Kamaishi Area Report of Ships Bombardment closure B), Hamamatsu Area Report of Ships Bombardment closure C), Hitachi Area Report of Ships Bombardment closure D), Hakodate Area Report of Ships Bombardment closure E), Muroran Area Report of Ships Bombardment closure F), Shimizu Area Report of Ships Bombardment
closures

Survey Party (EnSurvey Party (EnSurvey Party (EnSurvey Party (En-

102
103

104 105

Survey Party (EnSurvey Party (En-

100 107 108

Survey Party (Enand H), Shiononii-Saki and Nojima-

Saki Areas

Japanese Military and Naval Intelligence Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the Japanese Homeland, Part I. Coiiiprrhcn.xivt' Report Evaluation of Phot(5graphic Intelligence in the Japanese Homeland, Part II, Airfirlds Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the Jajjanese Homeland, Part III. Computed Bomb Plotting Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the Japanese Homeland, Part IV, I'rbdit Area A7ialysis Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the Japanese Homeland, Part V, Camouflage Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the Japanese Homeland, Part VI, Shipping Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the Japanese Homeland, Part VII, Eleetronics Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the Japanese Homeland, Part VIII, Beach Intelligence Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the Japanese Homeland, Part IX, Artillery Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the Japanese Homeland, Part X, Rocidn and Railroads Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the Japanese Homeland, Part XI, Industrial Analysis

27
U. S.

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1946