Your protein sequence for this assignment:

MNELDSLRQEAESLKNAIRDARKAACDTSLLQAATSLEPIGRIQMRTRRTLRGHLAKIYAMHWGNDSRNLVSA SQDGKLIVWDSHTTNKVHAIPLRSSWVMTCAYAPSGSYVACGGLDNMCSIYNLKTREGNVRVSRELPGHGG YLSCCRFLDDNQIVTSSGDMSCGLWDIETGLQVTSFLGHTGDVMALSLAPQCKTFVSGACDASAKLWDIREG VCKQTFPGHESDINAVTFFPNGQAFATGSDDATCRLFDIRADQELAMYSHDNIICGITSVAFSKSGRLLLAGYD DFNCNVWDTMKAERSGILAGHDNRVSCLGVTENGMAVATGSWDSFLRVWN

Answer Form Bioinformatics Extra Credit Assignment Question 1 The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) finds regions of local similarity between sequences. The program compares nucleotide or protein sequences to sequence databases and calculates the statistical significance of matches. BLAST can be used to infer functional and evolutionary relationships between sequences as well as help identify members of gene families. The tool compares primary biological sequence information, such as the aminoacid sequences of different proteins or the nucleotides of DNA sequences. BLAST matches nucleotide or protein sequences to a database filled with nucleotide and protein sequences of different animals and listed functions of gene sequences. For example, if a gene in a mouse was discovered, a scientist would perform a BLAST search of the human genome to see if humans carry a similar gene as the mouse. BLAST is able to identify sequences in the human genome that resemble the mouse gene based on similarities of the sequence.

Question 2 It goes from most significant to least significant

Question 3 G-Protein Beta Question 4 Drosophila melanogaster-Fruit fly Glossina morsitans morsitans- Tsetse flies Anopheles darling-Mosquitos

Question 5
Q+E -Polar/Hydrophilic K+Q -Nitrogen group, polar/hydrophilic K+R -Basic (NH3+ group at end of chain); Polar/Hydrophobic V+I -Nonpolar/hydrophobic E+D -Acidic (Both have deprotonated carboxylic acid); polar/hydrophilic N+D -Polar/hydrophilic It makes sense to make similarities between these amino acids because they have similar properties such as polarity, which causes them to react similarly. The plus signs shows that the amino acids have similar properties so they react similarly. If only identities were recorded in the overall score, there would be less results because there would be more of a precise match, which results in less results. Although it is more accurate, it would not be as effective. The ones that have a lot of similarities and not perfect identities are still valuable results.

Question 6 A signal molecule activates GPCR which then can take the route via G protein to eventually leads to activate protein kinases. One route that the the G protein can take is activating adenylyl cyclase, which then activates cyclic AMP, which then activates PKA and further activates transcription regulators and other effector proteins.