CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

DESCRIPTION
Automatic railway gate control and track change is controlled by using 8051 micro controller. The circuit implements functions with the aid of five powerful laser sensors. The sensor output is monitored by the controller to perform corresponding operations. Output from the receiver is fed to the port1 of the 8051.A logic high appearing at the pin will triggers the gate operations and the track change The sensor located at the side from where train comes(FORE SIDE SENSOR) detects the arrival of the train. When the output of sensor goes high buzzer will be turned on giving warning for the pedestrians and the vehicles. A time delay of three sec is given for vehicles to clear the track .Red light and buzzer remains on indicating the passing of train. Now the gate will be closed .Gate closing is done by using stepper motor when rotated in clockwise direction. When the train crosses the next sensor(AFT SIDE SENSOR) buzzer is turned off and gate is open. For the purpose of safety another sensor is placed in between the gate . This sensor checks for any obstruction coming in between the gates immediately after gates are closed. If the sensor output is high a stop signal is shown to the arriving train. Both the sensors are placed at 1.5km form the gate . This allows train to slow down or stop at a distance more than 200mtr from the gate. Now the gate can be opened by pushing switch SW3

Stepper motors are driven by using ULN2803.It is a darlington pair transistor connected to the input of stepper motor. When a logic high appears at the input the output pin also will be high and vice versa. Led is connected in the sourcing mode.bde for obtaining loud buzzer is connected in sinking mode to produce loud sound. For the track changing a dc motor is used. This feature is included to reduce the time lag when two trains are coming along the same track. Consider the case when an express train and a passenger train is coming in the same side. Passenger train can be shifted to the adjacent track at the place where track change can be done.. This allows express to continue in the same track at required speed.

Transmitter section consists of a powerful laser pointer assembly. It is directed towards LDR of the receiver section. For obtaining high directivity laser LDR sensor can be placed at 45degree instead of placing face to face. When the train interrupts the laser beam resistance of the LDR increases. Since the dark resistance of the. LDR is much higher the voltage appearing at the non inverting terminal is also high. Now the comparator output will be high. This can be used for detecting the arrival or departing of train