MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS 8/E Raymond McLeod, Jr.

and George Schell

Chapter 11
Data Communications

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Copyright 2004 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Communication Basics
Computer communications is at three levels
Application level Computer level Communication channel

Protocol
Set of rules for communications OSI Standard
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OSI (Open System Interconnection) Reference Model

Layer 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Name Application Layer Presentation Layer Session Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Data Link Layer Physical Layer Purpose Application-to-application communication Manage data representation conversions Establish and maintain communication channel Guarantee end-to-end integrity of transmission Route data between network addresses Move data from one network address to another Put data onto and off of the network media

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Andrew S. Tannebaum, 1996, Computer Network, Third Edition, Prentice Hall Inc., A. Simon & Schuster Company, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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Andrew S. Tannebaum, 1996, Computer Network, Third Edition, Prentice Hall Inc., A. Simon & Schuster Company, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 11-5

Andrew S. Tannebaum, 1996, Computer Network, Third Edition, Prentice Hall Inc., A. Simon & Schuster Company, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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ISO Website

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Protocols for Computer Communication

Early computers
Terminals Sneaker net

System Network Architecture (SNA)

Established by IBM in 1974 Proprietary

Token-Ring
Host computer controlled peer-to-peer peer- to11-8

Protocols for Computer Communication

Ethernet
Xerox working with Intel and Digital Equipment Corporation developed this protocol Non-proprietary Non Defined by IEEE Works on a single transmission line No token is passed

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Packets
Piece of the total data to be communicated, combined with the address of the destination computer for the data and other control information.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is one of the more important packet switching protocols
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Analogi Packet pada pipa

Analogi Packet pada Jalan Raya

Network Addresses
Address
Four-part set of numbers Four Each from 0 to 255

Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

User connects through common carrier

Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) and Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

Protocols for users at home
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Protocols for Public Phone Systems

X.25
analog older protocol

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

Digital Can carry voice, data, and video

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Protocols for Public Phone Systems (cont.)

Frame Relays
Move to fiber optics

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

Smaller packet size Faster transmission speeds

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Data Communications Links the General Systems Model Elements

Standards

Management

Information processor

Environment

Input

Transformation

Output
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