LABORATORY VALUES Normal Adult Electrolyte Values Electrolyte Value Sodium 135 145 mEq/L Potassium 3.5 5.

5.1 mEq/L Calcium 4.5 5.5 mEq/L or 8.6 10 mg/dL Magnesium 1.6 -2.6 mg/dL Phosphorus 2.7 4.5 mg/dL Chloride 98 107 mEq/L Bicarbonate 22 29 mEq/L (venous) Normal Blood Gas Values (ARTERIAL) pH 7.35 7.45 PCO2 35 -45 mm Hg HCO3 22 26 mEq/l (or 21-28) PO2 80 100 mm Hg Allens Test: Definition: Used to test blood supply to the hand. It is performed prior to radial arterial blood sampling 1. Apply pressure over the ulnar & radial arteries simultaneously. 2. While applying pressure, ask the client to open & close the hand repeatedly; the hand should blanch. 3. Release pressure from ULNAR artery while compressing the radial artery and assess the color of the extremity distal to the pressure point. 4. If pinkness fails to return within 6 seconds, the ulnar artery is insufficient, indicating that the radial artery should not be used for obtaining a blood specimen. Normal Adult Blood Values Hemoglobin Normal Value a. Male adult 14 16.5 g/dL b. Female adult 12 15 g/dL Hematocrit a. Male adult 42 52% b. Female adult 35 47% Platelet 150,000 400,000/mm3 Red Blood Cell Lifespan: 120 days a. Male adult 4.5 6.2 million cells/L b. Female adult 4 5.5 million cells/ L ESR < 20 mm/Hr Kidney Function Tests

a. Creatinine Clearance b. Serum Creatinine c. BUN d. Specific Gravity

85 135 ml/min 0.6 1.3 mg/dL 10 20 mg/dL 1.010 1.030

White Blood Cell Count & Differential WBC 5,000 10,000/mm3 a. Neutrophils 56% or 1800-7800 cells/L b. Bands 3% or 0-700 cells/L c. Eosinophils 2.7% or 0-450 cells/L d. Basophils 0.3% or 0-200 cells/L e. Lymphocytes 34% or 1000-4800 cells/L f. Monocytes 4% or 0-800 cells/L Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Hb A1C) Description: Glycosylated hemoglobin is tested to monitor the long-term control of diabetes mellitus. The level of glycosylated hemoglobin is increased in the red blood cells of persons with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. Since the glucose stays attached to hemoglobin for the life of the red blood cell (normally about 120 days), the level of glycosylated hemoglobin reflects the average blood glucose level over the past 3 months. Good Control <7.5% Fair Control 7.6 -8.9% Poor Control 9% or greater HIV/AIDS Tests: Testing is often done at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after exposure to find out if a person is infected with HIV. a. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) -a single reactive ELISA test is not confirmatory and should be repeated in duplicate with the same blood sample; if the result is repeatedly reactive, follow-up tests using Western blot or IFA. Confirmatory Tests: b. (+) Western Blot c. (+) Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) d. CD4+ T cell counts N: 500-1600 -monitors the progression of cells/L HIV.

 Immune occur at: AIDS

problems 200-499 cells/L <200 cells/L

Note: Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories.

References: Saunders Comprehensive Review 3rd ed Mosby Illustrated Guide 6th ed

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