Adjacent Channel Power Ratio Performance of a WiBro System

AHM Razibul Islam, Md. Rezaul Haque Khan1, Md. Rakibuzzaman Shah1, Ju Bin Song
Department of Radio Communication Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi,
Suwon, 449-701, South Korea, Telephone: +82-031-201-3277, Fax: +82-031-205-1775,
1
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and
Technology, Chittagong- 4349, Bangladesh, Telephone: 88-031-714952, Fax: 88-031-714910
E-mail: razib3002@gmail.com, sohagiut@yahoo.com, tit_nu98@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) is an effective multicarrier modulation
technique for high speed data communications which
suffers from high peak to average power ratio
(PAPR). And Wireless Broadband (WiBro) is to
provide high data rate wireless Internet access with
PSS (personal subscribe station) under the stationary
or mobile environment, anytime and anywhere for the
future 4G communication systems. Hence, in this
paper, bandpass memoryless nonlinearity effects are
analysed with High Power Amplifier (HPA) for
Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) performance
calculation of OFDM based WiBro system. The
simulated performance of ACPR for this model is
compared with the theoretical performance for the
Amplitude to Amplitude (AM/AM) nonlinearities with
additive Gaussian noise. The obtained ACPR shows
good agreement with the theoretical performance.
Keywords- OFDM, WiBro, PAPR, Third order
intermodulation, ACPR, Nonlinearity distortion,
Power spectral density.
1. INTRODUCTION
For next generation high speed mobile
communications, low power transmission is evident
for battery life of portable terminals, such as mobile
phones and notebooks. Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplexing (OFDM), as a Multi-carrier
digital modulation technique, proved its robustness
against time-dispersive impairments such as multi-
path fading and impulsive interference and therefore is
currently in use by European digital audio and
terrestrial broadcasting and asynchronous digital
subscriber lines (ADSL).
But high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) has
become an important parameter to consider for
OFDM as nonlinearity distortion increases for an
input signal led to the power amplifier (PA). In a
conventional class ‘A’ linear amplifier, power
efficiency is an approximately inverse linear function
of the PAPR [5]. And this low power efficiency is
undesirable for mobile terminals. So, for power
consumption issue, nonlinear amplification becomes
necessary. But, again, the in-band and out-of-band
interference created by the distortion effects of
nonlinear amplification, increases bit-error-rate (BER)
and spectral regeneration (SR) respectively. So, a
trade-off is necessary between the degree of nonlinear
distortion and total power consumption. The degree of
SR can be characterized by ACPR and this ratio is the
limiting factor on achieving high efficiency
amplification [4].
High power amplifier (HPA) in the transmitter is one
of the main sources of nonlinear distortions inserted
into radio channels. In a bandpass memoryless HPA
amplifier model, the relationship between the input
and output signal of the amplifier is described by the
two memoryless functions, namely amplitude-
amplitude modulation (AM/AM) and amplitude-phase
modulation (AM/PM) nonlinearities.
On the other hand, the WiBro system, an official name
of portable Internet system in Korea and a stepping
stone of the fourth generation mobile communications,
is on the way of deploying commercial service in
2006. The WiBro is a homegrown variant standard of
IEEE 802.16e which has, apparently, now been folded
into WiMax. It is designed to provide seamless
mobile connectivity over the 2.3GHz spectrum at
ground speeds up to 60 kilometers per hour with an
average bandwidth of 16 Mbps. Therefore, OFDM is
a good combination for deploying WiBro system.
In this paper, the ACPR performance of an OFDM
signal has been observed with simplified bandpass
memoryless HPA modeling of WiBro system
employing 2.3 GHz with a data rate of 16 Mbps.
The paper is organized as follows. In Section II, the
system is described analytically. In the next section,
ACPR performance is evaluated by simulation and
compared with the theoretical behaviour and
conclusion follows thereafter.
Fig. 1 Block diagram of proposed system
2. MODEL DESCRIPTION
2.1 Input signal Model
An OFDM signal s (t) can be represented as [6]
n/2
s (t )  
i  n / 2
di (t ) cos[2 ( f 0  fi )t ]
Where f 0 is a central frequency, ( f 0  fi ) is a
frequency of i -th sucarrier and di (t ) describes
complex QAM symbols and n is the number of
subcarriers. Now, according to central limit theorem,
for larger n , s (t ) possesses a Gaussian distribution
with zero mean. A block diagram of the transmitter is
shown in Fig. 1. A data stream e(t ) will be split into
several streams and separate carriers will be used to
transmit them. In our proposed model, total number
of bit streams is 64 and each carrier is modulated with
QAM. Inverse Fast Fourier Technique (IFFT) is used
here which eliminates the complexity involved in using
a large number of oscillators. So finally, using the
modulated narrowband Gaussian input signal shown
in equation (1) we can write,
s (t )  x (t ) cos 2 f 0t  y (t ) sin 2 f 0t
(2)
 Re{ A(t )e j 2 f0t }  A(t ) cos(2 f 0t   (t ))
Here |A(t)| is the voltage envelope of the modulated
signal and θ (t) is the phase . The square root raised
cosine filter h(t) is used here with roll off factor β and
output signal of the IFFT m(t) will be passed though
the filter and finally fed to the input of the HPA
considered in our model.
2.2 Amplifier and Channel Model
The modulated signal s (t ) is first amplified and then
corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN)
with two sided power spectral density N0/2.
A bandpass memoryless nonlinear amplifier model, as
proposed for our system, will exhibit the output as
follows when modulated signal in (3) is used as the
input signal to the amplifier,
s0 (t )  g ( A(t )) cos{2 f 0t   (t )   (t )} (3)
The functions A(t ) and  (t ) represent AM/AM and
AM/PM respectively. In a bandpass model, the in-
band and adjacent channel distortions appear due to
the odd harmonics only. And, we assume no AM/PM
effects in this paper. It is found by computer
simulation that the AM/AM effects are more
significant than the AM/PM effects [2] [3].
We define the power spectrum and autocorrelation of
the input OFDM signal as S ( f ) and R ( )
(1) respectively for the amplifier.

 S ( f )e
 j 2 f 
R ( )  df (4)

So, the output of the power amplifier is obtained as
 s0 (t )  g  A(t ) e  jf  A( t ) 
e j (5)
where g(A) and f(A) are the AM/AM conversion and
AM/PM conversion of the nonlinear amplifier for the
input envelope A. Autocorrelation of the output
signals is written as
Rs0 ( )  0.5E[ s0 (t ) s0 (t   )] (6)
Fourier transform of equation (6) leads to the power
spectrum for the signal component
2 2


1
S0 ( f )  S ( f )   {g ( s  )e jf ( s  ) }d 
2 2
e (7)
2s 0
Detailed steps of determining  and  s (which is
found by placing R ( ) =0) is discussed in [7]. The
third-order intermodulation component can be found
as:
2 2
 
1 1 2 (b)
( )  R( )[ R( )]2 3   2 (  2)e 2 {g ( s  )e jf ( s  ) }d 
IM 3
Rs0 Fig. 2 (a) OFDM input power spectral density
8 s 0 2
(8) (b) OFDM output power spectral density
The power spectrum of the third-order For numerical results with HPA we used the formula,
intermodulation is written as A
2 g ( A) 
1

 2 2
(1  A ) 2 p (1/ 2 p )

8 s 0
 2 (  2)e {g ( s  )e jf ( s  ) }d 
IM 3
S0 ( f )  S ( f )  S ( f )  S ( f ) 3
2
2
(9) (10)
f (A)=0 (11)
where p is the smoothness factor.

ACPR is defined as a ratio of the out-of-band signal

power in the adjacent channel to the in-band signal
power given as

f0  B f0  3 B


f0  3 B
S0 ( f )df  
f0  B
S0 ( f )df
ACPR ( B)  f0  B (12)

f0  B
S0 ( f )df

Where [B,-B] is the desired in-band, and S 0 ( f ) is the

power spectral density of the amplified signal s0 (t ) .

(a) In our simulation, square root raised cosine filter with

roll-off factor β of 0.30 was used for ACPR
calculation.

Table 1. Parameters for simulation

Parameter Value
 OFDM Data Rate 16 Mbps
Number of Subcarriers 64
Carrier Frequency 2.3 GHz
Roll of Coefficient for 0.22
Power Amplifier
Sampling Frequency 10 MHz
Channel Bandwidth 8.75 MHz

3. SIMULATION AND RESULTS

Table 1 shows the simulation parameters used in the

system modeling.

8.75 MHz channel bandwidth was used for the

OFDM signal with a carrier frequency of 2.3 GHz for
WiBro system. The Power Spectral Densities (PSD)
at the OFDM system input and output are shown in
Fig. 2. From the Fig. 2, it is understood that the
output PSD has SR which made the main channel
distorted more due to adjacent channel nonlinear
effects.
(b)
Fig. 3 (a) Simulated ACPR vs. Input Power at HPA
Output.(b) Theoretical ACPR vs. Input Power at
HPA Output
In Fig. 3 the simulated and theoretical ACPR versus
input power have been compared. As the signal is
passed through the HPA, some more distortions are
added in the system due to the inherent non-linear
amplification. Thus in Fig. 3 (a) approximately 22 dB
ACPR performance degradation takes place initially
(for input power 0 dBm) in comparison to the
theoretical one in Fig. 3 (b) for transmitting the
OFDM signal through the HPA which comes down to
approximately 5 dB distortion if 30 dBm input power
is applied in the system. Distortion difference becomes
almost similar for input power greater than 30 dBm.

4. CONCLUSION

This paper suggests a 2.3 GHz WiBro OFDM system

performance under a simulated environment with a
mathematical analysis of the nonlinearity effects due
to the HPA. The results showed important
(a) observations for measurement of distortion
experienced due to nonlinearity by the system
modeled. Maximum input power can be determined
from this work in the future that can be applied to the
WiBro system to meet the system specification for
ACPR and thus design suitable system with the fourth
generation wireless capabilites. In the future, AM/PM
conversion effects can be taken into account with the
fifth order inter-modulation effects to simulate a more
accurate system which can exhibit better performance

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