Investigation Plan

Assumption The following assumptions are used for the governing equations: a. Sandstone is a homogenous, isotropic and elastic continuum. b. Strains are much smaller than the length scale. c. Gas contained within the pores is ideal and its viscosity is constant under isothermal conditions. d. The rate of gas flow through the sandstone is defined by Darcys law. e. Sandstone is saturated by gas and its compositions are not competitive.

Governing Equations
The governing equations have been basen on the model by Zhang et al. (2008). Volumetric Strain Extended Langmuir Isotherm (ELI) is relatively simple and accurate method to deal with the volumetric strain due to multi-components mixture in the system. The ELI expression is as below: (1) where subscripts i and j refer to the gas components, Ck is the concentration of gas component k, N is the number of gas components and bj is the Langmuir pressure constant for gas j. Defined the volume strain as approximately proportional to the volume gas absorbate and mixed composition irrespective, given by equation: (2) where g is the sorption-induced strain coefficient to gas sorption volume, k = g Vk is the gas swelling strain constant. By substituting (1) and (2), at any composition and pressure of the gas species, volumetric strain can be written as: (3) Summing all of the strain of the system will give the total sorption induced strain: (4) Rock Deformation The rock deformation affected by boundary and initial conditions, gas flow and transport, and gas absorption/desorption. Navier equation for linear poroelastic media is used to define the deformation. This equation (5) explains the pore pressure and absorption/desorption induced effects as additional source of forces (fi), where G is the shear modulus of rock, u is the component of displacement, is the Biot coefficient, p is the gas pressure, and K is the bulk modulus of the rock. (5)

Transport Equations for CO2 and CH4 The general mass conservation for the multi-component gas transport can be written as equation (6), this includes free-phase gas and absorbed gas, diffusion and convection mechanisms and it is true for each component of gas flow. (6) where gk is the free phase density; Qsk is the source/sink. is the vector of convective velocity, determined by the injection gas concentration gradient, and Dk is hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient defined as in equation (7). (7) Where is the dynamic dispersivity and Dko is the coefficient of molecular diffusion of component k. The gas mas mk including free-phase gas (mfk) and adsorbed gas (msk) given equation (8) and (9). (8) (9) Where is porosity and Ck is mass concentration/partial density of the component includes molecular weight Mk. In a binary gas system, gas transport is drive by several effects such as skeleton deformation, gas adsorption/desorption, and heterogeneity in the convection-diffusion process, the general equation is as follow:

(k = 1, 2) Where k = 1 denotes the CH4 and k = 2 denotes C02;

(10)

(11)

(k = 1, 2) For CH4, concentration is denoted as C1 (12) For C02, concentration is denoted as C2 (13) Where (k = 1, 2) (14)

Porosity and Permeability Relationship At each point of observation, the permeability and porosity following empirical cubic law, assume the k0 (initial permeability) have the same distribution as 0 (initial porosity), given by equation: (15) Boundary and Initial conditions The displacement and stress conditions on the boundary for the Navier-type equation (5) are given as on (16)

where and are the components of prescribed displacement and stress on boundary , respectively and nj is the direction cosine of the vector normal to the boundary. The initial conditions in domain are described as in (17) Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions are used for the gas flow equations, the equations are as follow: on on (18) (19)

The and are the specified gas pressure and gas flux on boundary, the subscripts m and f represent matrix and fracture, respectively. The initial conditions for gas flow are in (20)

Task
The project will design a two-dimensional reservoir model and cover well bore and surrounding area. The model represents inverted five-spot well spacing (100 m x 100 m) with injection well in the centre and production well in the four corners. The pressure set at reservoir depth and the CO2 injectivity varied. Task 1: Review previous work in the project subject and getting proper understanding of it. Task 2: Collect empirical data and parameters of rock deformations due to CO 2-CH4 concurrent flow from previous academic sources. Task 3: Data acquired from the previous published work used to build two-dimensional model based on the governing equations. Task 4: Conduct the simulation using the two-dimensional model. Task 5: Debugging process and improved the model if needed. Task 6: The absorption/adsorption effect on the sandstone due to concurrent flow of CO2-CH4 observed and the result compared. Task 7: Interpreted and then published the result.

Project Schedule

Gantt chart

Risk Management
In this project, risk management is an important part to ensure the objectives of the project reached. Risk scenarios and hindrances that might happen are listed below and classified using the qualitative risk management matrix taken from the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet website. Qualitative Risk Management Matrix

http://www.dpmc.gov.au/implementation/policy.cfm

Risk 1: Description: Data and model loss due to software and/or hardware malfunction. Likelihood: Unlikely Force majeure accident that damaged the such as the last hailstone

Such events have a higher probability of occurring when the computer is running programs possessing large memory. Virus infection is also a possibility due to the procurement of information from the internet. After considering all these factors a rating of unlikely is given to this activity. Consequence: Major This could possibly erase all the research done which can have terrible consequences. The whole research will have to be done again leading to difficulties in the schedule and deadline of submissions. Mitigation Strategy: All the research done and data generated should have a back-up either in an external hard disc, on another system or on email. If this is followed it could reduce the consequence to the minor category.

Risk 2: Description: Student becomes ill for a prolonged duration in the ongoing project. Likelihood: Highly unlikely I have an active and healthy lifestyle without any past records of serious illness. In such a situation it would be highly unlikely for this occurrence to happen. Consequence: Major If I were to be bed ridden for a long duration then it will be quite difficult to finish the project as per the schedule. Hence the objective of the project will not be completed. Mitigation strategy: I would have to seek a doctors services so as to rid any sickness as soon as possible. This precaution can reduce the likelihood level to possible. Risk 3: Description: Expiry of the COMSOL software license Likelihood: Highly unlikely This risk seems highly unlikely as the university updates its software every year Consequence: Major This would affect the whole research as it depends on the simulation of a COMSOL model. Mitigation strategy: As soon as announcements asking for the license to be renewed are displayed the university authorities have to be approached and the matter should be discussed. Necessary steps should be taken after this. Bibibliography