Cerebral Cortex: Thinking center of the brain that controls such functions as reasoning, language, imagination.

Limbic system: plays a part in determining sexual behavior (Some structures in the system: cingulated gyrus, amygdale, hippocampus, parts of the hypothalamus.) In Woman, during orgasm, these are activiated: Cingulate gyrus, amygdale, insula, hypothalamus Dopamine: a neurotransmitter that induces neural activity in the MPOA (medial preoptic area) that facilitates sexual arousal and activity Serotonin: a newrotransmitter that inhibits sexual arousal and activity Erogenous zones: areas of the body that are particularly responsive to sexual stimulation Primary erogenous zones: areas of the body contain sense concentrations of nerve endings. Secondary erogenous zones: areas of the body that have become erotically sensitive through learning and experience. Pheromones: certain odors produced by the body that relate to reproductive functions (Released during fertile periods). Vomeronasal organ and olfactory epithelium can react to this hormone. Two human pheromones: Estratetraenol (in female urine) and androstadienone (mans sweat). Touch, Vision, Smell, Taste, Sound Aphrodisiac: substance that supposedly arounses sexual desire of a person. Known to be bad aphrodisiac: Alcohol, Amphetamines, Amyl nitrite, barbiturates, cantharides, cocain, LSD, l-dopa, weed Known to be good: Yahimbine Accidentally found: peptite Melanotin II

Anaphrodisiac: substance that inhibits sexual desire and behavior. Known to cause spontaneous orgasm: antidepressant medications Steroid hormones: sex hormones and the hormones of the adrenal cortex Neuropeptide hormones: chemicals produced in the brain that influence sexuality and other behavioral functions Most important one thats produced: Oxytocin (from hypothalamus) Sex hormones in male sexuality: Castration: surgical removal of the testes

Orchidectomy: surgical procedure for removing the testes. Hypogonadism: impaired hormone production in the testes that results in testosterone deficiency Antiandrogens: treat sex offenders, prostate cancer. MPA is used, medroxyprogresterone. 95% are attached testosterone and 97-99% are in females. Testosterone deficiency signs: Decrease in ones customary level of sexual desire Reduced sensitivity of the genitals and the nipples to sexual stimulation Overall reduction in general levels of sexual arousability Diminished energy levels and possibly depressed mood Increased fat mass Decreased bone mineral density, which can result in osteoporosis Reduced body hair, decreased muscle mass and strength

Kaplans model: desire, excitement and orgasm. Masters and Johnsons model: excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution. Two fundamental physiological responses to effective sexual stimulation: vasocongestion and myotonia. Vasocongestion: engorgement of blood vessels in particular body parts in response to sexual arousal. Myotonia: muscle tension Excitement phase: increase in myotonia, vasocongestion, heart rate and blood pressure Sex flush: pink or red rash that can appear on the chest or breasts during sexual arousal Plateau phase: muscle tension, heart rate and blood pressure and vasocongestion increase Orgasm: series of muscular contractions of the pelvic floor muscles occurring at the peak of sexual arousal. Resolution phase: the sexual systems return to their nonexcited state. Refractory period/: period of time following orgasm in the male, during which he cannot experience another orgasm. Differences in the two sexes as aging: Females: 1 phase: Vaginal luybrication is delayed and less volume, vaginal mucosa thins and length and width of vagina decrease 2nd phase: orgasmic platform less pronounced, less elevation of uterus 3rd: fewer orgasmic contractions, occasionally uterine contractions are painful last: typically occurs more rapidly Male, 1st: longer time required to get erected, may be less firm

2nd: less overall muscle tension, elevation of testes 3rd: number of muscular contractions decrease and force of ejaculation is lessened last: occurs more quickly with rapid loss of erection