1. What is an Information System? 2. List out 7 examples of Information System and give a brief description about it. 1.

Information System Information System is an arrangement of people, data, processes, and information technology that interact to collect, process, store, and provide as output the information needed to support an organization. 2. Examples of Information System a) Transaction Processing System (TPS) is an information system that captures and processes data about business transactions. TPSs collect, store, modify, and retrieve the transactions of an organization. A transaction is an event that generates or modifies data that is eventually stored in an information system. The essence of a transaction program is that it manages data that must be left in a consistent state. For instance if an electronic payment is made, the amount must be both withdrawn from one account and added to the other; it cannot complete only one of those steps. There are four features of Transaction Processing System, which are, rapid response, reliability, controlled processing and also inflexibility. One example of Transaction Processing System is airline online reservation system. Common airline company provides their customer of online services which enables the customer to book, buy and pay for their travel ticket. Online airline services also provide information of future flights schedule which enable customer to arrange their travel time. Other than that, nowadays the system also allows web check-in in certain period where the customer can check in through the website without lining up the counters. Such services provide an easier and hassle free environment in arranging their schedule. b) A management information system (MIS) is an information system that provides for management-oriented reporting based on transaction processing and operations of the organization. One example of management information system is Central Management Information System (CMIS) owned by Ministry of Health in Malaysia. CMIS is also known as eurushospital. E-urushospital is an intergrated information application that collects data from every part of hospital support system and transforms it into meaningful and usable information. It is easy to use, to comprehend and acts as a source of management information solution. With analytics application in this system, e-urushospital enables all of its users to monitor, measure and take actions based on this particular management information system. In CMIS, outcomes can be predicted, there are improvements in compliance of users, and also provides better planning and documentation of all activities in the hospital. It is very beneficial to Ministry of Health, as there are less administrative jobs and costs done because CMIS enable users to create ad hoc reports online.

c) Decision support system (DSS) is an information system that helps or provides information in order to make a decision or a solving techniques. In this system, both problems and solutions are identified. In a specific classification, DSS is a compiled computerized information system that supports business and organizational decision making activities. In a proper designated DSS, using an interactive software, problems identification and decision making are based on useful information from raw data, documents, personal knowledge or business models. In a typical DSS; a) Current information assets, relational data sources, warehouses and marts data can be accessed b) Comparative figures from previous data to the current data (e.g. sales figure from one week c) Projected opinions, solutions suggestion based on new (factual) assumptions d) The consequences of different decision alternatives, given past experience in a context that is described One of the example of decision support system is Business Intelligence; a system produced by MicroStrategy. This system provides its user of vast reporting, monitoring and data analysis. It has a unified reporting, analytical and monitoring platform that form the core of the system. There are few characteristics that strengthen Business Intelligence. 1) Single platform that allow all users to access same information - Access to the same version of truth - Provides autonomy to individual users and development group - Supports individual and group decision making 2) Contain an interactive, scalable platform for rapid projects development Multi-project can be created in a single shared metadata A vast variety of reusable metadata objects can be created. Supports the concurrent user base increase. 3) Comprehensive data access Users can access data from different sources concurrently; has the freedom to select data that suits the requirements and preferences. 4) Integrated platform enables administrators and IT professionals Enable development of data models, sophisticated analysis performance Analytical reports delivered to end users via channels Functional extensive library of APIs. Leverage the power of the software flexibility in designing and deploying solution

5) Flexibility

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Expert system is of the information system that contains or has the expertise of workers, people or organization. This system integrates and simulates that expertise to the benefit of non-expertise. It is actually one of the computer applications known as artificial intelligence. An expert system has three unique structures. The structures are the fixed inference engine, a variable;the knowledge base and the dialog interface which specifically called as conversational. Expert system is run through the process of inference engine reasoning the knowledge base, just like a human expert. This kind of system helps to solve complex problems. National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (http://www.manage.gov.in/) is an example of expert system in India. This website provides information that diagnose the agricultural system in India, it provides management on such information system. Those systems are handle by expert executives which has knowledge and experience in the matter.

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Communications and collaboration system is an information system that enables more effective communications between workers, partners, customers, and suppliers to enhance their ability to collaborate. One example of this system is a usual company website like Watsons website Office automation system is an information system that supports the wide range of business office activities that provide for improved work flow between workers.

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