INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED NETWORK TECHNOLOGY IANT

An ISO 9001-2000 Certified Institute

(Training report submitted on partial fulfillment of the requirement for the B.TECH in Electronics & Communication of the board of MDU, Rohtak).

Submitted by
Priyanka Mahur ECE deptt.- Vth Sem Roll no.- 273

Under the Guidance of Mr. Lalit Sharma

Department of Electronics & Communication Ganga Institute Of Technology & Management Kablana, Jhajjar

CONTENTS
Acknowledgement Introduction of C Title of the project Introduction of the project Objective File Handling on C Data Flow Diagrams Flow Charts Project Coding Testing INTRODUCTION TO THE PROBLEM Scope and features of future application Bibliography

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is my pleasure to acknowledge the assistance of Mr. Lalit Sharma, without whose help this project would not have been possible. I would like to express my gratitude to her for providing invaluable encourage, guidance and assistance. After doing this project I can confidently say that this experience has not only enriched me with technical

knowledge but also has unparsed the maturity of thought and vision, the attributes required of being a successful professional.

INTRODUCTION
C is a programming language developed at AT & Ts Bell Laboratories of USA in 1972. It was designed & written by a man named Dennis Ritchie. In the late seventies C began to replace the more familiar languages of that time like PL/I, ALGOL etc. No one pushed C. Possibly C seems to be very popular because it is reliable, simple & easy to use. Communicating with a computer involves speaking language the computer understands, which immediately rules out English as the language of communicating with computer. However, there is a close analogy between learning English & learning C language.

Steps in learning English language:Alphabets Words Sentences Paragraph.

Steps in learning C language:Alphabets, Digits, Spl. Symbols Constants, Variables, Keywords

Instructions Program

TITLE OF THE PROJECT

STUDENTS LIBRARY RECORD

INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT

A library is defined as a collection of articles, books, or records assembled within a closed venue in a systematic manner.Everyone in the world depends on one for his/her work in their field whether its biology, anthropology or even music.Depending on their funds, they can range from 100 books to over 100,000 books which cover practically every field known to interest man. It plays a large role in giving every student, teacher and staff member of the institution a helping hand in attaining knowledge.

Daily many students visit to book library, the members of the library increase very fast. The transactions like issue books, return books, keeping records of all books and members, calculating fine, etc. when being processed manually take up a lot of time and thus add to the problems of the management. And thus to keep track of the transactions of the book library management, a software package seems to be best way as it will speed up the work time and lessen up the complexities of the management. In simple language the project provides such user friendliness and easy understandability that even a novice user will find it easy to use the package and grasp its essence. The current system has may disadvantages , its first disadvantage is that it is a manual system hence there are a lot of chances of mistake. This system has got a great drawback that we can manipulate any record without much hassle so it is very dangerous , as anyone can put the entry as per the desired intention. This system took a long time to execute as if anybody needs a report about the books issued or about the members or about the fine collection it was very tedious and time consuming as all this took a long time and also the accuracy was not so high.

Following are the basic needs for the proposed system:

Books Details:
The new proposed system should stores and maintains the entire book details automatically and accurately.

Students Details:
The new proposed system should store and maintain the member details also. It should remember all the records of members and should immediately produce the required reports at any time without any errors.

2.

No registers:

There should be no need of keeping and maintaining books issued and members register manually.
3. Speed:

The new proposed system should be very fast with hundred percent accuracy so as to save time. 4. Manpower: The new proposed system should utilize less manpower, so that less people can do the large work and that too with accuracy and efficiently. 5. User friendly menu : The system should have a very simple and easy to use menu system in order to make even a novice user sit and use it.

OBJECTIVE
Objective of this project is to manage and computerize the daily working of the library from the previous manual system. The new computerized system will reduce the manual and paper work. It will keep record of customers

and books and will help in daily transactions like issue and return of books. The next thing is to design the model of the project according to the requirement and then have the coding done in the most suitable language.

PROJECT CATEGORY
This project is of the category FILE HANDLING .
So far we have entered information into our programs via the computer's keyboard. This is somewhat laborious if we have a lot

of data to process. The solution is to combine all the input data into a file and let our C program read the information when it is required. Having FILE HANDLING we should be able to: 1. open a file for reading or writing 2. read/write the contents of a file 3. modify a file 4. delete the file

Books

ANALYSIS
Add, Delete, Modify Books records

Data Access

Data Base

Data Storage

Students Library Record

Print reports related to books and students

Reports

Add, delete, modify students. Issue, Return, Request for reports

Student

File Handling in C
We frequently use files for storing information which can be processed by our programs. In order to store information permanently and retrieve it we need to use files. Files are not only used for data. Our programs are also stored in files. The editor which you use to enter your program and save it, simply manipulates files for you. In order to use files we have to learn about File I/O i.e. how to write information to a file and how to read information from a file. We will see that file I/O is almost identical to the terminal I/O that we have being using so far. The primary difference between manipulating files and doing terminal I/O is that we must specify in our programs which files we wish to use. As we know, we can have many files on our disk. If we wish to use a file in your programs, then we must specify which file or files we wish to use. Specifying the file you wish to use is referred to as opening the file. When you open a file you must also specify what you wish to do with it i.e. Read from the file, Write to the file, or both. Because you may use a number of different files in your program, you must specify when reading or writing which file you wish to use. This is accomplished by using a variable called a file pointer. Every file you open has its own file pointer variable. When you wish to write to a file you specify the file by using its file pointer variable. You declare these file pointer variables as follows:

FILE

*fopen(), *fp1, *fp2, *fp3;

The variables fp1, fp2, fp3 are file pointers. You may use any name you wish.

The file <stdio.h> contains declarations for the Standard I/O library and should alwa be included at the very beginning of C programs using files. Constants such as FILE,EOF & NULL are defined in <stdio.h>. You should note that a file pointer is simply a variable like an integer or character. It does not point to a file or the data in a file. It is simply used to indicate which file your I/O operation refers to.

A file number is used in the Basic language and a unit number is used in Fortran for the same purpose.The function fopen is one of the Standard Library functions and returns a file pointer which you use to refer to the file you have opened e.g. fp = fopen( prog.c, r) ;

The above statement opens a file called prog.c for reading and associates the file pointer fp with the file. By allowing the user enter a file name, which would be stored in a string, we can modify the above to make it an interactive cat command: When we wish to access this file for I/O, we use the file pointer variable fp to refer to it. You can have up to about 20 files open in your program - you need one file pointer for each file you intend to use. The function fclose is used to close the file i.e. indicate that we are finished processing this file. We could reuse the file pointer fp by opening another file. This program is in effect a special purpose cat command. It displays file contents on the screen, but only for a file called prog.c. If you attempt to read from an non-existent file, your program will crash!! The fopen function was designed to cope with this eventuality. It checks if the file can be opened appropriately. If the file cannot be opened, it returns a NULL pointer. Thus by checking the file pointer returned by fopen, you can determine if the file was opened correctly and take appropriate action e.g. fp=fopen(filename,r) ; if(fp==NULL)

{ printf(Cannot open %s for reading \n, filename ); exit(0) ; /*Terminate program: Commit suicide !!*/} The above code fragment show how a program might check if a file could be opened appropriately. The function exit() is a special function which terminates your program immediately.exit(0) mean that you wish to indicate that your program terminated successfully whereas a nonzero value means that your program is terminating due to an error condition.Alternatively, you could prompt the user to enter the filename again, and try to open it again:

fp = fopen (fname, r) ; while(fp==NULL) { printf(Cannot open %s for reading \n, fname ); printf(\n\nEnter filename : ); gets( fname ); fp = fopen (fname, r); }

In this code fragment, we keep reading filenames from the user until a valid existing filename is entered.

Writing to Files
To write to a file, the file must be opened for writing e.g. fp = fopen( fname, w );

If the file does not exist already, it will be created. If the file does exist, it will be overwritten! So, be careful when opening files for writing, in case you destroy a file unintentionally. Opening files for writing can also fail. If you try to create a file in another users directory where you do not have access you will not be allowed and fopen will fail. Character Output to Files The function putc(c,fp) writes a character to the file associated with the file pointer fp.

DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

COLLEGE.dat Chec k book code

Check student

Update Modified details /

MODIFY / DELETE

Membe r details

Student

EDIT STUDENT MODULE

SCOPE AND FEATURES OF FUTURE APPLICATION

The problem with the current system is that the system for issuing and returning books in the library of a college is manual and hence it takes a lot of time to complete the tasks. One has to wait for long in order to get a book issued or in order to return a book. There is always a long queue in the library near the librarians desk. This looks very untidy and is only due to the fact that the user base in the library has increased a lot due to the fact that the courses in the college have increased. The books have also increased in number and kind and hence keeping a record of them manually is very difficult. The librarian is facing a great difficulty in keeping the track of books. The librarian needs a system/software which can help him in order to issue the books with ease and also to record the return of books with the same flexibility. The librarian needs software which can help him in order to give a quick report of the list of members and the list of books issued to them. He also needs a protection of the system with a password so that no one can manipulate the records. This is a must in the software because all the data will be open and anyone can change it if the password protection is not there. This project can be made be internet based so that the student can check the availability of the books that he wants to issue and accordingly manage his schedule.

College.dat

DATA FLOW Update DIAGRAM

Student record

ADD

Student details

Student

ADD STUDENT MODULE

What is a File?
A file is a collection of bytes stored on a secondary storage device, which is generally a disk of some kind. The collection of bytes may be interpreted, for example, as characters, words, lines, paragraphs and pages from a textual document; fields and records belonging to a database; or pixels from a graphical image. The meaning attached to a particular file is determined entirely by the data structures and operations used by a program to process the file. It is conceivable (and it sometimes happens) that a graphics file will be read and displayed by a program designed to process textual data. The result is that no meaningful output occurs (probably) and this is to be expected. A file is simply a machine decipherable storage media where programs and data are stored for machine usage. Essentially there are two kinds of files that programmers deal with text files and binary files. These two classes of files will be discussed in the following sections. Creating a file and output some data In order to create files we have to learn about File I/O i.e. how to write data into a file and how to read data from a file. We will start this section with an example of writing data to a file. We begin as before with the include statement for stdio.h, then define some variables for use in the example including a rather strange looking new type. /* Program to create a file and write some data the file */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h> main( ) { FILE *fp; char stuff[25]; int index; fp = fopen("TENLINES.TXT","w"); /* open for writing */ strcpy(stuff,"This is an example line."); for (index = 1; index <= 10; index++) fprintf(fp,"%s Line number %d\n", stuff, index);

fclose(fp); /* close the file before ending program */ }

The type FILE is used for a file variable and is defined in the stdio.h file. It is used to define a file pointer for use in file operations. Before we can write to a file, we must open it. What this really means is that we must tell the system that we want to write to a file and what the file name is. We do this with the fopen() function illustrated in the first line of the program. The file pointer, fp in our case, points to the file and two arguments are required in the parentheses, the file name first, followed by the file type. The file name is any valid DOS file name, and can be expressed in upper or lower case letters, or even mixed if you so desire. It is enclosed in double quotes. For this example we have chosen the name TENLINES.TXT. This file should not exist on your disk at this time. If you have a file with this name, you should change its name or move it because when we execute this program, its contents will be erased. Reading (r) When an r is used, the file is opened for reading, a w is used to indicate a file to be used for writing, and an a indicates that you desire to append additional data to the data already in an existing file. Most C compilers have other file attributes available; check your Reference Manual for details. Using the r indicates that the file is assumed to be a text file. Opening a file for reading requires that the file already exist. If it does not exist, the file pointer will be set to NULL and can be checked by the program. Here is a small program that reads a file and display its contents on screen. /* Program to display the contents of a file on screen */ #include <stdio.h> void main() { FILE *fopen(), *fp; int c; fp = fopen("prog.c","r"); c = getc(fp) ; while (c!= EOF) { putchar(c);

c = getc(fp); } fclose(fp); }

Writing (w) When a file is opened for writing, it will be created if it does not already exist and it will be reset if it does, resulting in the deletion of any data already there. Using the w indicates that the file is assumed to be a text file. Here is the program to create a file and write some data into the file. #include <stdio.h> int main() { FILE *fp; file = fopen("file.txt","w"); /*Create a file and add text*/ fprintf(fp,"%s","This is just an example :)"); /*writes data to the file*/ fclose(fp); /*done!*/ return 0; } Appending (a) When a file is opened for appending, it will be created if it does not already exist and it will be initially empty. If it does exist, the data input point will be positioned at the end of the present data so that any new data will be added to any data that already exists in the file. Using the a indicates that the file is assumed to be a text file. Here is a program that will add text to a file which already exists and there is some text in the file. #include <stdio.h> int main() { FILE *fp file = fopen("file.txt","a"); fprintf(fp,"%s","This is just an example :)"); /*append some text*/ fclose(fp); return 0; }

Outputting to the file The job of actually outputting to the file is nearly identical to the outputting we have already done to the standard output device. The only real differences are the new function names and the addition of the file pointer as one of the function arguments. In the example program, fprintf replaces our familiar printf function name, and the file pointer defined earlier is the first argument within the parentheses. The remainder of the statement looks like, and in fact is identical to, the printf statement. Closing a file To close a file you simply use the function fclose with the file pointer in the parentheses. Actually, in this simple program, it is not necessary to close the file because the system will close all open files before returning to DOS, but it is good programming practice for you to close all files in spite of the fact that they will be closed automatically, because that would act as a reminder to you of what files are open at the end of each program. You can open a file for writing, close it, and reopen it for reading, then close it, and open it again for appending, etc. Each time you open it, you could use the same file pointer, or you could use a different one. The file pointer is simply a tool that you use to point to a file and you decide what file it will point to. Compile and run this program Reading from a text file Now for our first program that reads from a file. This program begins with the familiar include, some data definitions, and the file opening statement which should require no explanation except for the fact that an r is used here because we want to read it. #include <stdio.h> main( ) { FILE *fp; char c; funny = fopen("TENLINES.TXT", "r"); if (fp == NULL) printf("File doesn't exist\n"); else { do { c = getc(fp); /* get one character from the file */ putchar(c); /* display it on the monitor

*/ } fclose(fp); }

*/ } while (c != EOF); /* repeat until EOF (end of file)

In this program we check to see that the file exists, and if it does, we execute the main body of the program. If it doesnt, we print a message and quit. If the file does not exist, the system will set the pointer equal to NULL which we can test. The main body of the program is one do while loop in which a single character is read from the file and output to the monitor until an EOF (end of file) is detected from the input file. The file is then closed and the program is terminated. After you compile and run this program and are satisfied with the results, it would be a good exercise to change the name of TENLINES.TXT and run the program again to see that the NULL test actually works as stated. Be sure to change the name back because we are still not finished with TENLINES.TXT.

INTRODUCTION TO THE PROBLEM

The following steps are based on the definition of the problem that comes as a result of this step. This portion presents an introduction to the problem that was assigned to the investigator. Developing such systems expedites problem solving and improves the quality of decision making. This is where the role of systems analysts becomes crucial. They are confronted with the challenging task of creating new systems and planning major changes in the organization. Like architects, they work with users to identify the goal(s), agree on a procedure and a timetable, and deliver a system that meets the user's requirements. The systems analyst gives a systems development project meaning and direction. A candidate system is approached after the analyst has a thorough understanding of user needs and problems, has developed a viable solution to these problems, and then communicates the solution(s) through the installation of a candidate system. Candidate systems often cut across the boundaries of users in the organization Every record of every book, since its establishment, has been recorded on pieces of paper and stored in file drawers for users to be able to find the material they are looking for. This could have been an answer to record handling in those days where they were only a few 100 books in the library, but now there are 1000s of books, and the file cabinets are all fully packed and more cabinets are being brought in. This has made the library look like a store room for stashing files rather then a venue used to accumulate books. It has completely sabotaged the entire learning environment because of the space these cabinets take and the noise they produce every time they are opened and closed. Some books have also been noted to be lost when only their record was lost amongst the millions of entries it was stocked up with in the cabinets.

Every book is recorded, and entered into the filed cabinets in alphabetical order. Now lets take for example that we have a cabinet defined for books titles starting with X - Y. There are only 25 books that satisfy this condition, there fore, only 25 book entries will be in the cabinet. What happens to the remaining space available in the cabinet? To start a new list of entries, we will have to bring in a new cabinet. Even if we have a cabinet split into sections in its self, then user will go mad trying to find the book he is looking for as there are way too man entries to go through to find his book.

Problem Domain
Daily many student visit to book library, the college of student of the library increase very fast. The transactions like issue books, return books, keeping records of all books and members, calculating fine, etc. when being processed manually take up a lot of time and thus add to the problems of the management. And thus to keep track of the transactions of the book library management, a software package seems to be best way as it will speed up the work time and lessen up the complexities of the management. In simple language the project provides such user friendliness and easy understandability that even a no vice user will find it easy to use the package and grasp its essence. The problem with the current system is that the system for issuing and returning books in the library of our college is manual and hence it takes a lot of time to complete the tasks. One has to wait for long in order to get a book issued or in order to return a book. There is always a long queue in the library near the librarians desk. This looks very untidy and is only due to the fact that the user base in the library has increased a lot due to the fact that the courses in the college have increased. The books have also increased in number and kind and hence keeping a record of them manually is very difficult. The librarian is facing a great difficulty in keeping the track of books. The librarian needs a system/software which can help him in order to issue the books with ease and also to record the return of books with the same flexibility.

The librarian needs software which can help him in order to give a quick report of the list of members and the list of books issued to them.

DFD : DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

Graphical description of a system's data and how the processes transform the data is known as Data Flow Diagram (or DFD). Unlike detail flowcharts, DFDs do not supply detailed descriptions of modules but graphically describe a system's data and how the data interact with the system.

To construct data flow diagrams, we use: i. arrows, ii. circles, iii. open-ended boxes, and iv. squares An arrow identifies data flow - data in motion. It is a pipeline through which information flows. Like the rectangle in flowcharts, circles stand for a process that converts data/into in- formation.

An open-ended box represents a data store - data at rest, or a temporary repository of data. A square defines a source (originator) or destination of system data.

PROJECT CODING

CODING STANDARDS
Throughout the implementation of the project the company has set some standards for coding. These standards include declarations in code, naming of variables, etc. Among various things that are to be taken care of are: Begin each code file with a header describing the file name, purpose, etc. Each function is to be preceded by its description and its use. It includes the list of inputs & outputs. The name of the variable should reflect nature of variable. The coding, that is, transformation of algorithms into low level language program, stage started after everything was set in terms of design, and its revision. The coding basically converts the detailed design algorithms into compile able and minimally debugged source code for generation of executable files. Throughout the coding process of the project following coding standard has been in reference, for tracking and monitoring the programs.
(a) Declaration of variables The variable declared in the coding should be accompanied by their purpose.

(b)

Naming of variables The naming of variables is according to their type and scope.

(c)

Naming of files All the header files must have extension .h . All the source files must have extension .c. All the data files are given an extension .dat .

(c)

Naming of classes The name of the classes are in accordance with the work they are performing , i.e., if the class is working with the members its name will be member and if dealing with the books the name will be books. This is done in order to reduce the confusion in the program.

CODING SAMPLES
According to the coding standards mentioned above here are the coding samples: //*Records of Students books*// #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<string.h> #include<process.h> struct stu { char name[40],deptt[15],ph[10],issue_book[50],library_no[10],issue_date[10],return_date[10],boo k_code[10]; int dd,mm,yy; }; int recsize=sizeof(struct stu); //-----------entry---------// void Entry() { char ch='y'; struct stu s; FILE*fp=fopen("College.dat","r+"); fseek(fp,0,SEEK_END); if(fp=='\0') { printf("sorry file can't be create"); }

while(ch=='y') { clrscr(); printf("GANGA INSTITUTE OF TECH. AND MANAGEMENT"); printf("\n\t\t\t Insert the record of student"); printf("\nEnter name of Student--------->"); fflush(stdin); gets(s.name); printf("\nEnter deptt. of Student--------->"); fflush(stdin); gets(s.deptt); printf("\nEnter phone of Student--------->"); fflush(stdin); gets(s.ph); printf("\nEnter name of Issuing book--------->"); gets(s.issue_book); fflush(stdin); printf("\nEnter the book Library No----->"); gets(s.library_no); fflush(stdin); printf("\nEnter the book code----->"); fflush(stdin); gets(s.book_code); printf("\nEnter the issue date----->"); fflush(stdin); gets(s.issue_date); printf("\nEnter the return date----->"); fflush(stdin); gets(s.return_date); fwrite(&s,sizeof(s),1,fp); printf("\nDo U Want To Continue.....Y/N"); fflush(stdin); scanf("%c",&ch); } // ch=getche(); fclose(fp); } //---------display---------// void Display() { struct stu s; FILE*fp=fopen("College.dat","a+"); rewind(fp); if(fp=='\0') { printf("sorry file can't be create"); } while(fread(&s,sizeof(s),1,fp)==1) { clrscr(); printf("\n %20s","RECORD OF STUDENT"); printf("\n================================================================"); printf("\n %15s ...... %15s","ST NAME",s.name); printf("\n %15s ...... %15s","DEPTT",s.deptt); printf("\n %15s ...... %15s","PHONE NO",s.ph); printf("\n %15s ...... %15s","ISSUE BOOK",s.issue_book); printf("\n %15s ...... %15s","LIBRARY NO",s.library_no); printf("\n %15s ...... %15s","BOOK CODE",s.book_code); printf("\n %15s ...... %15s","ISSUE DATE",s.issue_date);

printf("\n %15s ...... %15s","RETURN DATE",s.return_date); getch(); getch(); getch(); } } //-----------modify---------// void Modify() { char stuname[50]; struct stu s; int count=0; int recsize=sizeof(s); FILE*fp=fopen("College.dat","r+"); rewind(fp); // fseek(fp,0,SEEK_END); if(fp=='\0') { printf("sorry file can't be create");return; } printf("Enter the new name u want to modify"); fflush(stdin); gets(stuname); while(fread(&s,recsize,1,fp)==1) { if(strcmpi(s.name,stuname)==0) { clrscr(); printf("GANGA INSTITUTE OF TECH. AND MANAGEMENT"); printf("\n\t\t\t Insert the record of student"); printf("\nEnter name of Student--------->"); fflush(stdin); gets(s.name); printf("\nExnter deptt. of Student--------->"); fflush(stdin); gets(s.deptt); printf("\nEnter phone of Student--------->"); fflush(stdin); gets(s.ph); printf("\nEnter name of issue book of student--------->"); fflush(stdin); gets(s.issue_book); printf("\nEnter the book Library No------>"); fflush(stdin); gets(s.library_no); printf("\nEnter the book code----->"); fflush(stdin); gets(s.book_code); printf("\nEnter the issue date----->"); fflush(stdin); gets(s.issue_date); printf("\nEnter the return date----->"); fflush(stdin); gets(s.return_date); fseek(fp,-recsize,SEEK_CUR); fwrite(&s,recsize,1,fp); count=1; } } if(count) printf("\nModify record"); else

printf("not found"); fflush(stdin); } //----------delete----------\\ void Delete() { char ch='y'; int count=0; char stuname[50]; struct stu s; while(ch=='y') { FILE*fp=fopen("College.dat","r+"); FILE*ft=fopen("Temp.dat","w"); printf("\nEnter name of student to delete");fflush(stdin); scanf("%s",&stuname); while(fread(&s,recsize,1,fp)==1) { if(strcmpi(s.name,stuname)!=0) fwrite(&s,recsize,1,ft); else count=1; } fclose(fp); fclose(ft); remove("College.dat"); rename("Temp.dat","College.dat"); printf("delete another record(Y/N)"); fflush(stdin); ch=getche(); }

void main() { int ch; struct stu s; clrscr(); while(1) { clrscr(); //printf("GANGA INSTITUTE OF TECH. AND MANAGEMENT"); //printf("\n\t\t\t Insert the record of student"); printf("\n0.exit \n1.Entry\n2.Display\n3.Modify\n4.Delete"); scanf("%d",&ch); switch(ch) { case 1: Entry(); break; case 2: Display(); break; case 3: Modify(); break; case 4: Delete(); break; case 0:

exit(0); } printf("\n\t\t\t\t Press any key.."); getch(); } }

TESTING
During systems testing, the system is used experimentally to ensure that the software does not fail. In other words, we can say that it will run according to its specifications and in the way users expect. Special test data are input for processing, and the results examined. A limited number of users may be allowed to use the system so that analyst can see whether they try to use it in unforeseen ways. It is desirable to discover any surprises before the organization implements the system and depends on it.

Testing is process of executing program with intention of uncovering errors in it. Though testing cannot show absence of errors but by not showing their presence it is considered that these are not present or at least have been minimized a lot. Testing in the first phase is done by putting the correct values into the specified fields. This is done in order to check the initial functioning of the program.

SCOPE AND FEATURES OF FUTURE APPLICATION

The problem with the current system is that the system for issuing and returning books in the library of a college is manual and hence it takes a lot of time to complete the tasks. One has to wait for long in order to get a book issued or in order to return a book. There is always a long queue in the library near the librarians desk. This looks very untidy and is only due to the fact that the user base in the library has increased a lot due to the fact that the courses in the college have increased. The books have also increased in number and kind and hence keeping a record of them manually is very difficult. The librarian is facing a great difficulty in keeping the track of books. The librarian needs a system/software which can help him in order to issue the books with ease and also to record the return of books with the same flexibility. The librarian needs software which can help him in order to give a quick report of the list of members and the list of books issued to them. He also needs a protection of the system with a password so that no one can manipulate the records. This is a must in the software because all the data will be open and anyone can change it if the password protection is not there.

This project can be made be internet based so that the student can check the availability of the books that he wants to issue and accordingly manage his schedule.

Future enhancement of the Project

As the system has been developed for Library application , related to issue of book ,fine etc through person which can further broadended to an open system of issuing and fine as well as system can be further improved to handle large number of book. The following quality in the software always safeguards the future scope of the software. Reusability : Reusability is possible as and when we require in this application. We can update it next version. Reusable software reduces designs , coding and testing cost by amortizing effort over several designs. Reducing the amount of code also simplifies understanding, which increases the likelihood that the code is correct. We follow up both types of reusability : Sharing newly written code within a project and reuse of previously written code on new projects.

Understandability: A method is understandable if someone other the creator of the method can understand the code ( as well as the creator after a time lapse). We use the method with small and coherent help to accomplish this. Cost-effectiveness: Its cost is under the budget and make within given time period. It is desirable to aim for a system with a minimum cost subject to the condition that it must satisfy all the requirements.Can be rectified easily. The entire source code is well structured add commented to ensure clarity and readability.

BIBILIOGRAPHY

LET US C YASHWANT KANITKER

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