5.

Division Algorithm for Polynomial

For any two polynomials p(x) and g(x); g(x) 0
We can find two polynomials q(x) and r(x) such that p(x) =g(x) x q(x) + r(x)
Where r(x) = 0 or degree of r(x) < degree of g(x)
Chapter 2
1 Mark Questions

1.

Verify that one and two are the zeroes of the polynomial p(x) = (x-1) (x 2)

2.

Show that 3 is a zero of the polynomial x3 - 8x2 + 8x + 21

3.

Verify whether

4.

Find the zeroes of the polynomial x2-3

5.

4 1
x == 1 4u2 + 8u
Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
4 3

is a zero of the polynomial p(x) = 3x +1

2 Mark Questions
Example : Find a quadratic polynomial in which sum of zero = -1 and product of zeros
is

1
4

Let the quadratic polynomial be ax2+bx+c with zeroes and

According to given + = 1

b
b
= 1 = 1
a
a

1
c 1
=
4
a 4
Take a = L.C.M. of (1,4) = 4
=

b=4 and c=

so required polynomial is 4x2 + 4x +1

18

6.

Find a quadratic polynomial each with the given numbers as the sum and
product of its zeroes
(i)

1
2,
3

(ii) 0, 5

7.

Prove that x2+6x+15 has no zeroes.

8.

Find the zeroes of 3x2-x-4 and verify the relationship between the zeroes and
the co-efficient.

9.

Divide 2x2 + 3x+1 by (x+2), find the quotient and the remainder.

10.

Check whether the first polynomial is a factor of the second polynomial by division
method.
i)

p(x) = x4 -5x + 6; g(x) = 2-x2

ii)

p(x) = 42 - 19x -5x2 +2x3; g(x) = (x-2)

3 Marks Questions

Example : On dividing x3 -3x2 + x + 2 by polynomial g(x), the quotient and the remainder
were (x-2) and -2x+4 respectively. Find g(x)
Here p(x) = x3 - 3x2 +x + 2, q (x) = x-2, r(x) = -2x +4 By using division alogorithm.
g(x) x (x-2) + (-2x+4) = x3 - 3x2 + x + 2
g(x) x(x-2) = x3 - 3x2 + x + 2 + 2x - 4
g(x) x (x-2) = x3 - 3x2 + 3x-2
19

Dividing x3-3x2+3x-2 by (x-2) we get g(x) = x2-x+1

2 and 2

11.

Find all the zeroes of 2x4-3x3 - 3x2 + 6x -2 if two of its zeroes are

12.

Find all the zeroes of the polynomial x3+6-7x if one of its zero is -3.

13.

Divide x3-3x2-x+3 by (x+1) and verify the division algorithm.

14.

If 5 is a zero of the polynomial x3-6x2+3x+10, find the other two zeroes.

Answers :
Q.4
Q.8

3, 3
4
,1
3

Q.10 (i) No (ii) Yes

Q. 5 0, - 2;

Q.6

i) 3x 2 3 2 x + 1 ii) x 2 + 5

Q.9 Quotient 2x-1, Remainder 3

Q.11 and 1

20

Q.12 1,2

Q. 14

-1,2,5

CHAPTER - 2
POLYNOMIAL
2 Marks Questions
Q.1

P(x) = (x-1) (x-2)

One or two are the Zeroes of the polynomial
P(1)

P(2)

(1-1) (1-2)

1/ 2/ 1/ + 2/

(2-1) (2-2)

=
=
Q.2

4/ 4/ 2/ + 2/
0

Let x3 - 8x2 + 8x + 21 = P(n)

Put x=3 in this Equation
P(3)=(3)3 - 8(3)2 + 8 (3) + 21
=

27 - 8 x 9 + 24 + 21

27 - 72 + 24 + 21

72 - 72

0
3 is zero of the polynomial x3 - 8x2 + 8x + 21
21

Q.3

P(x) = 3x + 1
Put
P

in this Equation

1
1
=3
+1
3
3

= -1 + 1
=0
Yes x=

1
is zero of P(x)
3

Hence Proved
Q.4

x2 - 3 = 0
x2 = 3
x = 1 3
x=
3

(Zeroes of the Polynomial)

Q.5

4u2 + 8u = 0
4u ( u+2) = 0
4u= 0 or u + 2 = 0
u = 0 or u = -2
(Zeroes of the quadratic Polynomial)

Q.6

(i)

1
2,
3

Let the quadratic polynomial be ax2 + bx + c with zeroes and

x2 - (sum of roots) x + Product of roots = 0
22

1 c 1
= =
3 a 3
If a = 3,
b 2x 3
=
a
3

a=3, b = 3 2 and c=1

So required polynomial is 3x 2 3 2 + 1
ii) 0,

5
Let the quadratic polynomial be ax2+bx+c with zero and
+ = 0

b 0
=
.........( 1)
1
1

+= 5

5
c
=
.........( 2 )
a 1

By taking equation (1) and (2)

a=1, b=-0, c=

+= 2 =

b
2
a

Sorequired polynomial is x 2 + 5
Q.8

3x2 - x - 4
3x2 + 3x - 4x - 4
3x (x+1) - 4 (x+1)
(3x -4) (x+1)
So, the value of 3x2 - x - 4 is zero when x+1 = 0 or 3x - 4 = 0 i.e. when x = -1 or
x=

4
3
23

therefore, the zeros of 3x2 - x - 4 are -1 and

4
3

4 3+ 4 1
=
=
3
3
3
1 b 1 ( Cofficient of x )
=
= =
3
a 3 Cofficient of x 2
1x 4 4 c
=
=
Product of Zeroes = x =
3
3 a
4 Cons tan t term

=
3 Cofficient of x 2

Sum of zeros = + 1 +

Q.9

Divide 2x2+3x+1 by (x+2)

x + 2 2x 2 + 3x + 1 ( 2x 1
2x2 4x
--------------------x +1
x 2
-----------------3
-----------------quotient = 2x - 1
Remainder = 3

x 2 2x 3 5x 2 19x 42 (

Q.10 P(x)= 42 - 19x - 5x2 + 2x3, g(x) = x-2

2x2-x-21
2x3 4x2
------------------x2 - 19x
x2 2x
--------------------- 21x + 42
21x 42
---------------0
----------------

Yex, g(x) is a factor of P(x)

24

Q.11 Since two zeroes are

polynomial

is a factor of given

x 2 2 2x 4 3x 3 3x 2 + 6x 2( 2x 2 3x + 1
4x2
2x4
--------------------------------3x3 + x2 + 6x - 2
3x3+
6x
----------------------------x2 - 2
x2 2
----------------0
----------------So, 2x2 - 3x +1
by splitting the middle term

2
2(2and

1)
12 x2 12)(xX
x = xand
x2=,1(1xx++ 1 2 ) x 2 = x 2
2

2 x( x 1) 1( x 1)

so, its zeroes are given by

Therefore, the Zeroes of the given polynomial are
Q.12 x3 + 6 - 7x
if one of its Zero is -3
b o (Cofficient of x 2 )
++ =
=
=
a
1
Cofficient of x 3
x x =

d 6 Cons tan t term

=
=
a
1 Cofficient of x 3
25

2, 2 ,

1
and1
2

++ =0

( +3) = + 6

6/
3/

= 2

Put the value of in equation (1)

x)=+(3
..........
==
+226)= 0..(2 1)
(2==+==x+112213or

..........
==3+2 2
( 2) + 2 = 3
+ 2 = 3
= 21
2 3 + 2 = 0, By Spliting the middle term
2

2 2 + + 2 = 0

( 2) 1( 2) = 0
=0
So, the value of
or

is zero when 1= 0

i.e. when

Put the value of in Eq. (2)

Zeroes of the polynomial are = 3 ,

26

Q.13 Divide
x3 - 3x2 - x + 3 by (x+1)

x3 x2
---------------------- 4x 2 x + 3

4x 2 4x
--------------------3x + 3
3x 3
----------------0
-----------------

quotiend = x2 -4x+3
Remainder = 0

By division algorithm,
Dividend = Divisior x quotient + Remainder
x + 1 x 3 3x 2 x + 3( x 2 4x + 3
(x3-3x2-x+3) = (x+1) (x2-4x+3) + 0
(x3-3x2-x+3) = x3-4x2+3x+x2-4x+3+0
(x3-3x2-x+3) = x3-4x2+x2+3x-4x+3+0
(x3-3x2-x+3) = x3-3x2-x+3
Hence, the division algorithm is verified
Q.14 x3-6x2+3x+10
If 5 is a zero of the polynomial
++ =

b (6) 6 (Cofficient of x 2 )
=
= =
a
1
1
Cofficientof x 3
27

 xx =

d 10 Cofficient term
=
=
a
1
Cofficient of x 3

++ =6
5++ =6

Put the value of

in Eq. (1)

2=+
1=26or25 = 2
+
= 1
(1)
+ =1..........

x x = 10
5 = 10
10
=
2
2 = 0
5
= 2
2 2 = 0 , by spliting the middle term
2
............( 2)
=

2
2 + 1 2 = 0

2 2

=1

( 2 ) + 1( 2) = 0
( 2 ) ( + 2 ) = 0

So, the value of

is Zero when 2 = 0 i.e. when

Put the value of in Eq. 2

28

Zero of Polynomial are = 5 ,

B = -1

Chapter 3
One Mark Questions
Q.1

If x=-1, y=5 is a solution of the equation 4x-3y = 11

Q.2

Write the condition for the following system of linear equations to have a unique
solution.
ax+by = c; px+qy=r

Q.3

Write `T or `F
(i)

Q.4

Q.5

9 x= 2/ 2 15
= 6 y=+2 = 0
2 / 1 2
having
no solution.

-3x+4y = 5;

Fill up the blank spaces

(i)

When l1 and l2 are parallel lines then the system has ......................

(ii)

When l1 and l2 are coincident then the system has .........................

(i)

Write the standard form of linear equation in two variables.

a b
(3) True (4) (i) no solution 4(ii) infinite number of solutions
p q
(5) ax+by =c

Ans. : (1) No (2)

SOLVED EXAMPLES
Ex. 1 Find the value of `K for which the system of equations 3x+5y=0, kx+10y=0 has
a non-zero solution.
29

Solution

Here,

a1 3
= ,
a2 k

b1 5
=
b 2 10

for a non-zero Solution, we have

a1 b 1
3 5
, i.e.
, or 5k 30
a2 b2
k 10

k6
Ex.2

Solve the following pair of linear equation :

3x-y=3, 9x-3y=9
Solution

3x-y=3 .........(1)
9x-3y= 9 .......(2)
from (1)
y = 3x -3 ........ (3)
put (3) in (2)
9x - 3(3x-3) = 9
9x - 9x + 9 = 9
9 = 9, which is true hence, the given system of equations has
infinitely many solutions.
Two marks question

Q.1

On comparing the ratios

a1 b 1
c1
,
and
, find out whether the following pair of
a2 b2
c2

linear equations intersect at a point or parallel or coincident.

2x+3y = 4
3x+5y = 5
30

Q.2

Solve the following system of linear equations by substitution method.

5x+2y = 2 and 2x+3y = -8

Q.3

Solve the following pair of linear equations by elimination method.

5x + 10 y = 28
15x=20y -121

Q.4

Check whether the following system of equations has unique solution, no

solution or infinitely many soultion.
4x-3y=1
x - 2y = 4

Ans.

(1)

consistent at a point

(2)

x = 2, y = 4

(3)

x=

(4)

unique solution

13
41
y=
5
10

Three Marks questions

Q.1

Draw the graph of the equations 4x - y = 4 and 4x + y=12

Determine the vertices of the triangle formed by the lines, representing these
equations, and the x-axis. Shade the triangular region so formed.

31

Q.2

For what value of `k, will the system of equations :

x+2y = 5
and, 3x+ky -15=0 has (i) a unique solution (ii) no solution.

Q.3

Find two numbers whose sum is 28 and seven times their difference is equal to
four times of their sum.

Q.4

Solve : 5x + 2y = 2 and 2x+3y = -8 and hence find the value of `m for which
y=mx+4

Ans.

(1)

(1,0), (2,4) and (3,0)

(2)

(i) k 6 (ii) no value of `k

(3)
(4)

22 and 6
x=2, y = -4, m= -4
Six Marks Questions

Q.1

Solve the following pair of equations by reducing them to a pair of linear

equations :
1
1
1
2 13
+ = 2;
+
=
2x 3y
3x 2y 6

Q.2

A bag contains 94 coins of 50 paise and 25 paise denominations. If the total

worth of these coins be Rs. 29.75. Find the number of coins in each kind.

Q.3

A boat goes 24km. upstream and 28km. downstream in 6hrs. It goes 30 km

upstream and 21km. downstream in 6 hrs. Find the speed of the boat in still
water and also speed of stream.
32

Q.4

Solve the following systems of equations :

x+y
= 2,
xy

Ans.

xy
=6
xy

(1)

1
1
x= , y=
2
3

(2)

No. of 50 paise coins = 25

No. of 25 paise coins = 69

(3)

Speed of stream = 4km/hr

Speed of boat = 10 km/hr

(4)

x=

1
1
; y=
2
4

33

Chapter 3
Linear Equations in two variables
Q.1

4x - 3y = 11
x = -1, y = 5
4(-1) - 3(5) = 11
-4 - 15 = 11
-19 11
x = -1, y = 5 is not a soltuion of the equation

Q.2

ax + by = c
a1 = a, b1 = b, c1 = c

px + qy = n
a2 = p

Q.3

b2=q

-3x + 4y = 5;

c2=n

a1 b1
c

1
a2 b2 c 2
a
b c

p
q r

9
15
x by +
2
2

having no solution = True

Q.4

i)

When l1 and l2 are parallel lines the system has no solution.

ii)

When l1 and l2 are coincident then the system has infinte many solution.

34

Q.5

a1x + b1y +c1=0

a2x + b2y+c2=0

Q.1

2x + 3y = 4
a1 = 2 b1 = 3 c1=4
3x + 5y = 5
a2 = 3 b2 = 5 c2=5

a1 2
b 3 c 4
= 1= 1=
a2 3 b2 5 c 2 5
a
b c
1 1 1
a2 b2 c 2
linear equations intersect at a point.

Q.2

By substitution method

2 2y
x=
5

5x + 2y = 2
2x + 3y = -8
5x + 2y = 2
5x = 2 - 2y

2x + 3 y = -8
2 2y
+ 3y = 8
5
4 4y
+ 3y = 8
5
4 4 y + 15y = 40
5

35

11y = -40 - 4
11y = -44
44
= 4
11
2 2y
x=
5
y=

x=

2 2 ( 4)
5

2+8
5
10
x= =2
5
x=

Q.3

By elimination method
5x + 10 y = 28

(1),

15 x = 20y -121

1025
41
=
10 ........... (2)
15x - 20y250
= -121

15 x 5x + 10y = 28
5 x 15x -20y

= -121

-------------------------------------75x + 150y =

420

75x 100y = 605

-------------------------------------250y = 1025
y =
75x + 150y = 420
75x + 150

41
=420
10
36

75x + 615 = 420

75x = 420 - 615
75x = -195
195
75
13
x=
5

x=

Q.4

4x - 3y = 1
a1 = 4 b1 = -3 c1 = 1
x -2y = 4
a2 = 1 b2 = -2

c2=4

a1 4 b1 3 c 1 1
=
=

=
a2 1 b2 2 c 2 4
a
b
c
1 1 1
a2
b2
c2
Unique Solution
Q.2

1)

x + 2y = 5
3x + ky = -15
a1 = 1 b1 = 2 c1=5
a2 =3 b2=k c2=-15

For unique solution

a1
b
c
1 1
a2
b2
c2
37

1
2
5

3 k
15
1
2

3
k
k 6
For no solution

x + 2y = 5
a1 = 1 b1= 2 c1=5
3x + ky = -15
a2 = 3 b2 = k c2 = -15

a1
b
c
= 1 1
a2
b2
c2
1 2
5
=
3 k 15
1
2
=
3 k
k =6

2
5

k 15
5k 30

5k

30
=6
5

k6

Q.4

5x + 2y = 2
2x + 3y = -8
38

By Substitution method
5x = 2 - 2y
2 2y
5
2 2y
2
+ 3y = 8
5
4 4y
+ 3 y = 8
5
x=

4 - 4y + 15y = -40
11y = -40-4
11y = -44
y=

44
= 4
11

2 2y
5
2 2( 4)
x=
5
2+8
x=
5
10
x = =2
5
x=

y = mx + 4
-4 = m(2) + 4
-4 -4 = 2m
-8 = 2m
m=

8
= = 4
2
39

Q.1

1
1
+ =2
2 x 3y
1
1
=b
Let = a,
x
y
a b
+ =2
2 3
3a + 2b = 12 ............ (1)
1
1
=a
=b
x
y
a 2b 13
+ =
3 2
6

Let

2a + 3b = 13 .............(2)
Multiply 1 by 2 and 2 by 3.
2 x (3a + 2b = 12)
3 x (2a + 3b = 13)
------------------------6a + 4b = 24
6a 9b = 39
-------------------------5b = - 15

15
b = =3
5

6a + 4 (3) = 24
6a = 24 - 12
a=

12
=2
6

1
=a
x

1
=1
y

1 2
=
x 1
2x = 1

1 3
=
y 1
3y = 1

x=

1
2

y=

1
3

40

Q.4

x+y
=2
xy
x + y = 2xy.............(1)
xy
=6
xy
x-y = 6xy ...............(2)
But Elimination Method :
x + y = 2xy
x - y = 6xy
---------------2x = 8xy
2 = 8y
2 1
=
8 4
1
1
x + = 2x x =
4
4
y=

x+

1 1
= x
4 2

1
1
x=
2
4

x 1
=
2
4

4x = 2

x=

Q.3

1
2

Let Ist no. = n

Another no = 28-n
7 [x-(28-x)] = 4(28)
41

14x - 196 = 112

14x = 196 + 112
14x = 308
x=

308
14

x = 22
1st no. = x = 22
Another no = 28 - x = 28 - 22 = 6
Q.1

4x - y = 4
x=

4x + y = 12

4+y
4

x=

12 y
4

Ans. vertices = (1,0), (2,4) & (3,0)

8

(1,8)

(3,8)

6
4

(2,4)

2
(1,0)
0

(3,0)
2

x axis

42

Q.2

Let 50 paise coins = x

Let 25 paise coins = y
Acc to Ques.

x+y = 94 ................ (1)

Total 50 paise coins =

50 x
x
= Rs.
100
2

Total 25 paise coins =

Acc. to Ques.
2x + y = 119 .......................... (2)
By Elimination method
2
x ( x + y = 94)
1
x ( 2x + y = 119)
----------------------------------------2x + 2y = 118
x y
y
2x
y = 11925

+ . = Rs
29.75
21004
4
----------------------------------------y = 69
x + y = 94
x + 69 = 94
x = 94 - 69
x = 25
No. of 50 paise coins = x = 25
No. of 25 paise coins = y = 69

43

Q.3

Let speed of boat = x km/hr

Let speed of stream = y

km/hr

Speed of boat down stream = x+y

Speed of boat upstream = x - y
Case I
Time of boat in downstream =
Time of boat in upstream =
Acc. to Question

24
xy

28
24
+
=6
x+y xy

1
1
=a
=b
28
x+y
xy
x+y
28a + 24b = 6 ............................(1)

Let

Case II

Acc. to Qus.

Time of boat in downstream =

21
x+y

Time of boat in upstream = =

30
xy

21
30
1
+
=6
x+y xy
2
Let

1
=a
x+y

21a + 30b =

1
=b
xy
13
2

42a + 60b = 13 .................. (2)

44

By Elimination method
60 x (28a + 24b = 6)
24 x (42a + 60b = 13)
-----------------------------------1680a + 144b =

360

1008a 144b = 312

-----------------------------------672a
= 48

a=

3
42

28a + 24b = 6
3
+ 24 b = 6
42
48
3
a=
=
672 42
42
+ 24b = 6
21

28

24b = 6
24b =

1
=a
x+y
1
3
=
x + y 42

42
21

126 42
21

b=

84 1
x
21 24

b=

7
21

1
=b
xy
1
7
=
x y 21
45

3x + 3y = 42...(3)

7x - 7y = 21 ......(4)

By Elimination method
7 x (3x + 3y = 42)
3 x (7x - 7y = 21)
-----------------------------------21x

+ 21y =

294

21y = 126
21x
-----------------------------------42y =
168

3x + 3y = 42
3x + 3(4) = 42
168
y=
=4
42

3x+12 = 42
3x = 42-12
x=

30
3

x=10

Speed of boat = x = 10km/h

Speed of Stream = y = 4km/h

46