HISTOLOGY OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM BRAVO Endocrine system, organ involve are: 1. hypothalamus 2. pituitary gland 3. thyroid gland 4.

. parathyroid gland 5. pancreas 6. adrenal gland 7. testicle 8. ovary

PARATHYROID GLAND
Has 2 pairs; right & left lobe = 4 Embedded in posterior aspect of thyroid (superior & inferior( Action: increase blood calcium Parathyroid gland o Dark staining c-cells & layer o Eosinophilic oxyphil cells

PINEAL GLAND
part of the epithalamus secretes MELATONIN Histologic features o Pinealocytes w/c contains CORPORA ARENACEA Pineal gland contains o Neuroglia o Pinealocytes o __

PANCREAS
has 2 functions: o exocrine & endocrine Exocrine o Connective tissue capsule surrounds pancreas o Septa divide it into sections o Is a compound acinar gland o Secretion: 1,500 3,000 ml pancreatic alkaline juices Endocrine o Made of islet of langerhans A glucagon 20% B insulin 70 % Delta somatostain 10%

PITUITARY GLAND
located at the base of the brain, surrounded by circle of willis INFUNDIBULUM connection to hypothalamus In sella turcica of the sphenoid bone 2 parts with separate embryonic origins: o ANTERIOR glandular o POSTERIOR neuronal (more fiber) *pars intermedia

Anterior/ Adenohypophysis AKA: pars distalis Production of 7 peptide hormone o *4 are tropic hormones Also contains the pars intermedia Posterior/ Neurohypophysis pars nervosa has landmarks o pituicytes o herring bodies Hypophyseal portal system Superior hypophyseal artery Hypophyseal veins NOTES: Rathkes cysts/ vesicles with colloid o Indicate that within pars intermedia Pars Distalis has 3 kinds of cells o Acidophils red staining o Basophils blue staining o Chromophobes pale staining

ADRENAL GLAND
aka: suprarenal gland Adrenal Medulla o A modified sympathetic ganglion w/c produces: Epinephrine & norepinephrine Adrenal Cortex (superficial) o Secretes corticosteroid o Has 3 structures: Zona Glomerulosa aldosterone Zona Fasciculata glucagons/glucose Pale staining Zona Reticularis sex hormones Deep staining o Zona glomerulosa Clumps & follicle like structures Cords of spongiocytes o Zona reticularis Net of arrangement Clinical Correlation Congenital adrenal hyperplasia cortisol & aldosterone testosterone o Tx: dexamethasone Controls ACTH & hydrocortisone o NOTE: Steroidogenesis/ aldosterone pathway Is inhibited & shift to androgen pathway 21-hydroxylase is missing

TESTES
secrete testosterone into bloodstream o from interstitial cells o stimulates sperm production along w/ FSH o for secondary sex characteristics INHIBIN balance FSH o From sustentacular (sertoli) cells o Also contributes in blood testis barriers protect the developing sperm cells Leydigs cells produce sperm cells

OVARY
Estrogen by ovarian follicles in response to FSH Progesterone by corpus luteum in response to LH INHIBIN balance in response in excess progesterone Estrogen produced by theca interna

THYROID GLAND
Location: anterior surface of trachea just inferior of thyroid cartilage or adams apple It has thyroid follicular cells o LE: Simple cuboidal epithelium o Produce & store thyroglobulin in thyroid follicles Has C (Chief cells) o Aka: parafollicular cells o Produce calcitonin o Interspersed b/w thyroid follicles o Action: decrease blood calcium

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