Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction
1.1 1.2 Elasticity 1.3 1.4 Content of Theory of Elasticity Important Concept in Theory of Basic Assumptions Problems
The purpose of study is to check the sufficiency of the strength, stiffness and stability of structural and machine elements.
Solid Mechanics I ---- bar (Mechanics of Materials) Solid Mechanics II ---- bar system (Structure Mechanics) bars plates Solid Mechanics Solid Mechanics III ---- blocks (Theory of Elasticity) dams shells
beam
plate
mech of mater.
Joint application of the above three branches of solid mechanics ------------- Finite Element Method (FEM)
External forces Stresses (internal force) deformations --- strains and displacement
There are two kinds of external forces that act on the bodies (1) Body forces gravitational force inertia forces (in motion)
Q F = lim V 0 V
(vector quantity)
Fig. 1.2.1
contact force
definition:
F = lim
Q S 0 S
[force] [length] 2
X,Y , Z
Fig. 1.2.2
Q A
(4) The stress state at a point Definition of the stress component and its sign
( Note : differences with the definition in solid mechanics II) Relations between shear stresses
yz = zy,
zx = xz,
xy = yx
We will show that the stress state on any section through the point can be calculated if we know the 6 stress components, i.e., the 6 stress components completely define the stress state at a point.
x , y , z , xy , yz , xz 6 strain components completely define the deformation condition (or strain condition) at that point
(6) Displacement: By displacement (unit: length) we mean the change of position, the displacement components in the x, y, z axes are denoted by u, v, w respectively.
ij, ui at a point vary with the All the above ij , position of the point considered, so they are functions of coordinates in space.
ij, ui can (1) The body is continuous, so ij , be expressed by continuous functions in space
(2) The body is perfectly elastic---- wholly obeys Hook's law of elasticity ---- linear relations between stress components and strain components. (3) The body is homogeneous , i.e., the elastic properties are the same throughout the body-elastic constants will be independent of the location in the body. (4) The body is isotropic so that the elastic properties are the same in all directions, thus the elastic constants will be independent of the orientation of coordinate axes. example:
(5) The displacements and strains are small, i.e., the displacements components of all points of the body during deformation are very small compared with its original dimensions.
spatial problems plane problem ---- plane stress and plane strain problems
x = f1 ( x , y ) y = f2 ( x , y ) z = 0 xz = yz = 0
x = f1 ( x , y ) y = f2 ( x , y ) xy = f3 ( x , y ) z = 0 xz = yz = 0
xy = f3 ( x , y )
Example: dam