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Code No: M0121 / R07

Set No. 1

IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2010 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING- II (Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any Five Questions All Questions carry equal marks ******* 1. (a) state the objectives of site exploration and explain the importance of the depth of exploration for different structures (b) What is standard penetration number. Explain the procedure for determining it in the field. Mention the corrections to be applied to the observed values of standard penetration number. 2. (a) Derive the expression for the factor of safety of an infinite slope in cohesive soils. (b) What will be the factor of safety of a 150 slope of infinite extent in a cohesionless soil whose angle of shearing resistance is 250? 3. A 10 m high wall retains dry gravel with a dry unit weight d = 22 kN/m3. Show that for a trial wedge with a failure plane, passing through the toe of the wall, at 20o to the vertical the minimum force that the wall must provide is 212 kN/m, if for the gravel c = 0, = 38o and between the gravel and the wall cw = 0, w = 32o. 4. For the cantilever retaining wall shown in Figure, let the fallowing data be given: Wall dimensions: H = 5.4 m, x1 = 0.45 m, x2 = 0.75 m, x3 = 1.20 m, x4 = 1.80 m, x5 = 0.85m D = 1.20 m, = 100. Soil properties: 1 = 18.5 kN/m3, 1' = 340, 2 = 17.8 kN/m3, 2' = 180, c2'= 50 kPa. Calculate the factor of safety with respect to overturning, sliding and bearing capacity.

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Code No: M0121 / R07

Set No. 1

5. (a) What are the assumptions made in Terzaghi analysis of bearing Capacity? (b) A strip footing 1 m wide rests on the surface of dry Cohesion-less soil having = 250 and = 1.8 t/m3, what is the ultimate bearing capacity? What is its value if there as complete flooding Assume N = 10; Nq =12. 6. The following are the results of a load settlement test carried out on a 30 cm X 30 cm plate inside a pit 3.5 m x 3.5 m x 1.2 m in sandy soil. Load (kN) 4.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 Settlement 1.5 3.8 5.1 7.4 11.3 14.2 (mm) Design a spread footing for a column 450 mm x 450 mm in size carrying a vertical load of 1200 kN. The allowable settlement is 25 mm. 7. (a) Describe the procedure for the estimation of settlement of a pile group by considering only the frictional resistance of the pile group.

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Code No: M0121 / R07

Set No. 1

(b) A group of 16 piles 25 m long and 450 mm in diameter is to be arranged in a square form in a clay soil with an average unconfined strength of 36 kN/m2. Workout the center to center spacing of the piles for a group efficiency factor of 1. Neglect bearing at the tip of the piles 8. (a) Discuss the IRC method for the design of Well foundations. (b) Sketch and List out the component parts of Well foundation and discuss about its functions.

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Code No: M0121 / R07

Set No. 2

IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2010 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING- II (Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any Five Questions All Questions carry equal marks ******* 1. (a) What is the object of exploration program and list out the phases of the exploration program and explain in brief? (b) Write short note on the depth of exploration and how can you fix the depth of boring in different cases of foundations? i.e. Shallow and deep foundations.

2. A new canal is excavated to a depth of 5.5 m below ground level through a soil having c = 14.3 kN/m2, = 150, e = 0.8 and G = 2.80. The slope of the bank is 1:1. Calculate the factor of safety with respect to the cohesion when the canal runs full. If it is suddenly and completely emptied, what will be the factor of safety? The stability numbers are as fallows: Sn = 0.083 for 450 Slope and = 150; Sn = 0.11 for u = 100 and Sn = 0.138 for u = 50. Use linear interpolation for the other values of u. 3. A vertical gravity retaining wall, 12 m high, is to retain a clayey soil for which cu = 25 kN/m2, o 3 u = 15 and the bulk unit weight b = 19 kN/m . The soil surface is horizontal and level with the top of the wall. The water table is horizontal and level with the bottom of the wall. Determine the magnitude and direction of the minimum force on the wall for a trial wedge whose slip surface rises from the bottom of the wall at 70o to the horizontal. Assume that the angle of wall friction is 10o and the wall adhesion is 15 kN/m2. Hint: You need to consider the possibility of tension cracks. 4. A gravity retaining wall is shown in Figure. Calculate the factor of safety with respect to overturning and sliding, given the fallowing data: Wall dimensions: H = 6 m, x1 = 0.6 m, x2 = 2 m, x3 = 2 m, x4 = 0.5 m, x5 = 0.75 m, x6 = 0.8 m, D = 1.5 m. Soil properties: 1 = 16.5 kN/m3, 1' = 320, 2 = 18 kN/m3, 2' = 220, c2'= 40 kPa. Use the Rankine active earth pressure in your calculations.

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Code No: M0121 / R07

Set No. 2

5. (a) How would you fix the depth of the foundation? Discuss the Rankines formula for the minimum depth. (b) Using Skemption theory, compute the bearing capacity of a square footing of 2 x 2 m, resting on the saturated clay at undrained condition at a depth of 1.5 m from the ground level. Depth correction factor, dc = 1 + 0.2D/B, shape correction factor, sc = 1 + 0.2 B/L, where D, B and L are the depth of foundation, width and length of the footing respectively. 6. A soil deposit consists of 2 m of gravel overlaying an 8 m thick deposit of an over-consolidated clay overlaying rigid permeable sandstone. The gravel has a unit weight of 22 kN/m3 when saturated and a unit weight of 18 kN/m3 when dry. The properties of the clay are uniform throughout the layer and indicated below: Void Ratio,e= 1.2; Specific Gravity,Gs =2.7; Preconsolidation pressure, 'pc=70 kPa; Compression Index,Cc = 0.1; Recompression Index, Cr = 0.02; Consolidation coefficient,cv=0.5 m2/year. Calculate the settlement under the centre of a square tank of side 5 m exerting an average pressure of 175 kPa constructed on the ground surface after a long period of time and estimate the time for 75% of this settlement to occur. Assume that initially the water table is at the surface of the gravel but that after construction it is lowered to the surface of the clay. The clay should be divided into two equal sub-layers. 2 of 3

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Code No: M0121 / R07

Set No. 2

7. (a) Differentiate critically in principles in deriving the Engineering News formula and Hileys formula for Pile load capacity. (b) What are the basis on which the dynamic pile formulae are derived?. Discuss critically the limitations of dynamic pile formulas. (c) What will be the penetration per blow of a pile, which must be obtained in driving with a 3t steam hammer falling through 1 m allowable load, is 25 tones? 8. (a) Discuss the method of construction of well foundation and its sinking into the ground. What are the cares to be taken, if there is a difference in level of sinking of well during the construction? (b) An open well 20 m deep is of cylindrical shape with external and internal diameters of 9 m and 6 m respectively. If the water table is 2m below the top of the open well. Determine the minimum thickness of the seal required. Check for perimeter shear also. Assume c = 2400 kN/m2; con = 24 kN/m3(concrete). Allowable perimeter shear stress = 650 kN/m2.

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Code No: M0121 / R07

Set No. 3

IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2010 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING- II (Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any Five Questions All Questions carry equal marks ******* 1. (a) What are the major uses of boring program in soil exploration? Explain any one method of boring and its suitability depending on the site conditions. (b) Distinguish between the undisturbed and disturbed samples.

2. (a) Compute the factor of safety of an infinite slope in a cohesionless soil for a steady seepage condition when the flow is parallel to the slope. (b) The laboratory test gave the fallowing soil parameters: c = 40 kN/m2, = 300. The expected parameters of the mobilized shearing resistances are cm = 25 kN/m2 and m = 220. The average effective pressure on the failure plane is 150 kN/m2. Find the factor of safety with respect to the average shear strength, cohesion and angle of internal friction. 3. The figure below shows a 8 m high sea wall at a location where 4 m of sand overlie a deep clay deposit. The water table in the soil is at the same level as the sea level on the other side of the wall. Tests have been performed to determine the relevant soil properties. For the sand dry = 17 kN/m3, sat = 19 kN/m3, and a series of shear box tests gave the following results at failure

Shear stress, (kN/m2) Normal stress, (kN/m2)

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16 37 72 20 50 100

A series of triaxial tests were performed on samples of the clayey soil ( sat = 16.5 kN/m2). This has included 3 undrained unconsolidated tests in which pore pressures were measured and one consolidated undrained test. The stresses at failure are given below.

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Code No: M0121 / R07

Set No. 3

Test type

Cell pressure (kN/m2)

3

Deviator stress 1- 3 (kN/m2)

Pore pressure u (kN/m2)

Unconsolidated Undrained 0 50 -34.4 Unconsolidated Undrained 50 50 15.6 Unconsolidated Undrained 100 50 65.6 Consolidated Undrained 200 90 127.2 By determining the soil strength parameters calculate, using Rankine's method, the minimum force required to maintain the stability of the wall: (a) in the short term (b) in the long term

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2m td 2m

Sand

Sea Water

4m

Clay

4. Check the stability of a cantilever concrete retaining wall having a stem thickness of 0.4 m uniform throughout, 6.0 m height bed block thickness 0.8 m and a projection of 2.5 on the heel side and 1.5 m on the toe side. The unit weight of the wall material is 25 kN/m3. The soil has a unit weight of 18 kN/m3 and an angle of internal friction of 360. Take in to account a uniform surcharge on the ground of 50 kN/m2. The ground level on the toe side is 1.2 m high above the base of the wall.

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Code No: M0121 / R07

Set No. 3

5. A square footing has to carry a load of 1000 kN. Find the size of the footing for a factor of safety of 2.50. The depth of the foundation is 1.5 m. The soil has the fallowing properties: G = 2.60, e = 0.53, S = 0.50, = 300 and C = 10 kN/m2. What will be the safe bearing capacity of the soil if the void ratio of the soil is 0.72 instead of 0.53. In this case find the size of the footing and what will be the safe bearing capacity and size of the footing if the water table rises to ground level. For = 300, Nc =30 Nq = 18.4 N = 22.4. 6. (a) Differentiate between total settlement and differential settlement. What are the harmful effects of differential settlements on structures? What are the possible remedial measures? (b) A rectangular footing 4 m x 2m exerts a pressure of 80 kN/m2 on a cohesive soil (Es = 5.1 X 104 kN/m2, = 0.50). determine the immediate settlement at the center assuming the footing is (a) flexible (b) rigid. For flexible Influence factors for L/B = 2 are 1.53 at center and 0.77 at corner. For rigid 0.8. 7. (a) From the cyclic pile load test the following data is obtained. Compute Skin frictional resistance and Base resistance. Load 0 1 3 5 7 8 10 15 25 35 50 (tons) 0 16.97 22.33 24.23 25.43 25.93 26.81 28.69 32 35.15 39.75 Elastic Settlement (mm) (b) Compute the briefly outline how the load carrying capacity of a pile is determined in the field. What are its limitations? 8. (a) What do you understand about the grip length? What is its importance in well foundations? (b) Determine the outside diameter of an open well to be sunk through 40 m sand and water to bed rock, If the allowable bearing capacity is 2000 kN/m2. The well foundation receives a load of 50 MN from the superstructure. The mantle friction is 30 kN/m2. Test the feasibility of sinking. Also calculate the thickness of the seal.

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Code No: M0121 / R07

Set No. 4

IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2010 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING- II (Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any Five Questions All Questions carry equal marks ******* 1. (a) Under what conditions the geophysical methods are used in the soil exploration? Explain the in detail about the electrical resistivity methods and discuss about its limitations. (b) Discuss in detail about Handling, Labeling and Sealing and transportation of both undisturbed and disturbed Samples.

2. (a) Derive the equation for factor of safety of a finite slope by Bishops simplified method of analysis. (b) A canal is 3 m deep runs through a soil having Cu = 10 kPa. u = 100, e = 0.8, G = 2.72. The angle of slope of the bank is 450. Determine Factor of Safety with respect of cohesion when the canal is full up to the top of the bank. What will be the Factor of Safety in case of sudden drawdown? 3. (a) Derive the equation for maximum passive earth pressure using the Mohrs envelop. (b) Calculate the total active earth pressure on a retaining wall of 9 m height. The retaining soil has a 120 surcharge angle, a unit weight of 19 kN/m3, an angle of internal friction of 240 and a cohesion of 10 kN/m2. Also calculate the height of the line of action of the total pressure from the bottom of the wall. Neglect negative pressure when the calculating the total pressure. 4. For the cantilever retaining wall shown in Fig. 1, let the fallowing data be given: Wall dimensions: H = 6.5 m, x1 = 0.45 m, x2 = 1.0 m, x3 = 1.50 m, x4 = 2.0 m, x5 = 1.0 m D = 1.50 m, = 100. Soil properties: 1 = 18.5 kN/m3, 1' = 360, 2 = 17.0 kN/m3, 2' = 100, c2'= 65 kPa. Calculate the factor of safety with respect to overturning, sliding and bearing capacity.

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Code No: M0121

Set No. 4

5. A foundation 2.0 m square is installed 1.2 m below the surface of uniform sandy gravel having a density of 19.2 kN/m2 above the water table and a submerged density of 10.1 kN/m3. The effective strength parameters are c1 = 0 kN/m2 and 1 = 300. Find the gross ultimate bearing capacity for the conditions of water table well below the base (with rupture zone above the water table) Water table rising to the level of the base of the foundation and the water table raises to the ground level. Use Meyerhof theory. The bearing capacity factors are, = 300, Nq = 18.4 and Nr = 15.7. Shape factors: Sq = Sr = 1+ 0.1 kp 0.1 k p
D , where kp = tan2(45+/2). B B and dq =dr = 1 + L

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6. A square footing has to carry a load of 1000 kN. Find the size of the footing for a factor of safety of 2.50. The depth of the foundation is 1.5 m in a dense sand deposit. The recorded SPT value at the foundation level is 20. The soil has the fallowing properties: G = 2.68, e = 0.53, S = 0.10. The permissible settlement is 40 mm. Use IS code method.

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Code No: M0121 / R07

Set No. 4

7. (a) Write short note on on the settlement of pile group. (b) A group of 9 piles with 3 piles in a row were driven into soft clay extending from drive ground level to a great depth. The diameter and the length of the piles were 30 cm and 10 m respectively. The unconfined compressive strength of the clay is 70 kPa. If the strength piles were placed at 90 cm center to center, compute the allowable load on the pile compute group on the basis of shear failure criteria for a factor of safety of 2. 2.5. 8. foundations? (a) What do you understand tilts and shifts in well foundations? Explain the measures to control them. (b) Discuss about the Terzaghi method of design of well foundation.

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