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3. State Peace and Development Council, "Announcement No 212008 __ accordance with the In forthcoming Slate Constitutton, the multi-party democracy general elections will be held in 2010," The New Lighl o(MWJ/Jm(/J; J J Feb. 200S. 4. David Steinberg, "Myanmar and the requirements oj Mobilization and Orthodoxy: The Union Solidarity and Development Association" Burma Debate Feb. f 997. 5. V Coakley, "Politics of Stability: Co-opting Burma's Civil Society Through the USDA" Burma Is,mes Ne,vsleller Del. 1998.: Vol. 8, No. 10
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6. Wai Moe, "USDP Electlon Slogan 'People First 'Sparks Anger; " The {rrawaddp. 200cl. 2010.

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7. L Hancock, "Mobilization of the Masses.' How Much of a Threat is the USDA?"

Burma ISSlies 2003.

8. David Steinberg, "Myanmar and the requirements of Mobilization and Orthodoxy: The Union Solidarity and Development Association" Burma Debtlle Feb. /997.

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9. Banya Hongsar; "Crime Against Humanity: Dirty Politics on the Hands of the Burmese Junta" Monlemd 18 June 2003_ 10_V Coakley, "Politics of Stability: Co-opting 8111'/110 S Civil Society Through the USDA" Burma lssues NeHlsleller o« 1998: Vol. 8, NO.lO. II. Non-disintegration of/he Union, non-disintegration of the national solidarity: and perpetuation of sovereignty- Eint Doli, "USDA serving national interest as il represents the people" The New Light o(Mvanmar Nov. 2005: Vol 13, No 202. 12_The State Law and Order Restoration Council, "State LORC Declaration No. 1190_" 27 July 1990. l s.Nationat Coalition Government of the Union ofBurma, "Exposing the Real USDA" NeGUE in(i;mnalion Unil_ June 2003.

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15_ J_ Non-disintegration of/he Union, 2. Non-disintegration of national unity, 3_ Perpetuation of national sovereignty; 4. Promotion of a genuine multiparty democracy; 5_ Promotion of the universal principles of justice. liberty and equality; and, 6. Participation by the Defense Services in (I nationo! political leadership role in the future state. Human Rights Watch. ChrOl1olof!Y of 'Burma S Constitu/ional Process (May 2008) 3, 16, Myanmar TV{7 March 1994) cited in Network for Democracy and Development, The While Shirts: How Ihe USDA Will Become the New Face 0[8urma" Dicttllorship (May 2006) 52_

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36. "NLD Member Refused Teaching Job in Southern Burma, " Democratic Voice o(Burmo 20 Aug. 2004 cited in Nenvorkfor Democracy and Development, 33. 37, "NLD Member Pressured /0 Quit NLD in Mandalay Division, Burma" Democralic Voice Burma 24 Aug. 2004 cited in Network for Democracy and Development, 33.37 NLDMamberPressuredloQuilNLDinMandll/ayDivision,Burmll Democratic Voice o[Bllrma 24 Aug. 2004 cited in Network for Democracy and Development, 33. 38.. "Regional NLD /0 Reorganize and Consolidate in Burma," Democralic VOice o(B!lrma 25 Mar 2005 died in Network far Democracy and Development, 33. 39. "Burmese Local Authority on Trial in Rangoon Hlain Thaya," Democralic Voice 0(8'11.1""'0,

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47. "Masters of Force, " an ad-hoc peoples militia more loosely structured than the USDA. There are significant lies be/ween the t,,·o organizations; some attacks have been orchestrated and led by USDA members, and carried out by Swan Arr Shin members. USDA members reportedly I)Ver;'ee district level Swan Arr Shin units. Moreover; the Swan Arr Shin does not work in isolation, bUI only under USDA orders. See Human Rights Walch, "The Role of "Mass-Based" Organizations for Social Control, " Crackdown_' Rewession oC the 2007 Popular Protesls in Burma (December 2007) 105 - 11 f. 48. "Burma Arakan Muslim Student Killed by 'Unknown' Thugs," Democral ic Voice of B 1Irma 4 Sept. 2005. 49. "Burma Arakan Muslim Student Killed by 'Unknown' Thugs, " Democralic Voice o( Surma 4 Sept 2005.

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on the Depayin Massacre (Burma), 39 - 40. on the Depayln MaSSGC/'e (Burma}, 39 - 41,

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62. Ad Hoc Commission On the Dep ayin Massacre (Burma), 46. 63. Wai Moe, "Depayin Masterminds Wield Power in the USDP" The Irrawaddv 31 May 2010. 64. "Burmese Crackdown Said To Have Killed 282, " Radio Free Asia 5 June 2004); cited in ASEAN tnter-Parliamentary Myanmar Caucus, The Depayin Massacre: 2 Years 0,.,. J"'liu~ Deni~" (30 May 2005) 2. 65, Ellen Nakashima, "Burma's Iron 'Au"l)! '. Allng San Sill/ Kyi '$ Steely Will Keeps a Country's Hopes Alive, " WashinglOn Paoli 13 Ocr. 2003. 66. "Burmese Crackdown Said To Have Killed 282, " Radio Free Asicl 5 June 2004,"Depayin victims latest, " Demoertllic Jilice or Bllrma 5 Juiy 2003 cited in ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Myanmar Caucus, 2.

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72. Richard HoI'S,,), 'The dramatic events 0/2007 in Myanmar; domestic and international implications, " Diclalarship Di,mrder and Decline in Mvan",ar, eel Monique Skidmore and Trevor Wi/san (Canberra. ANU E Press, 2008) f 7,

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73, AA Pp, Burma:s wOmen eolilical orisoners (8 Mar: 2010) 7. 74,"Up 10 24 More Protesters Held in Burma, "' Radio F"ee Asia, 22 Aug, 2007, 75. National Coal Wall Government of the Union 0/ Burma, H RD U I'em'book 2007 I Chapler 11.- The Saffron Revolution - The 2007 Pro-Democracv Movemenl (2008). 76, Women:1 League of Burma, Courage w Resisl: Women Human Rights DeBmders or Burma (November 2007) 8. f Saw l'Gn Naing, '"40 Burmesse dissents given prison terms of lip 10 65 years. '" The frrawaddj', II Nov. 2008, 77. "Myanmar Troops Fire Wa,."ing Shots 111 Monk, Protest," Reuters. 5 Sept. 2007 cited in Human Rights Walch, Crackdow,,_. Repression of Ihe 2007 Poplliar Protesl., in Burma (Dec. 2007) 29, 78. National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma, HRDU Yearbook 2007 I Cha/J/er 11.- The Saffron Revol ulion - The 2007 Pro·Democracl' Mo vemenl (2008). 79, U Pyinya 2m via, "Al! Burma Monks' Alliance » Featured Articles & Statements," December 2009 <hllpllallbllrmamonksalliance_orgl' page_id .. 195> 80, U Pyinya ZaW/a, "All Burma Monks' Alliance » Featured Articles & Statemems," December 2009 <http.r/atlb urmanion ksa tiiance.org/? page _id= 195 >,

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118_ Institute for Political Analysis and Documentation, No Real Choice_- An Assessmenl or Burma's 2008 Referendum (Yangon: New Light of Burma Press, 2009) /9. 1/9. Human Rights WaLCh intervtew wtth Now Paw, March 1/. 2008. Human Rig/us Walch, Vole 10 NOlllhue: The May 2008 Conslitutional Referendum in B"rma (May 2008) 33.

120. Human Rights Watch interview with Ko Aye, USDA member from Rangoon, Mae Sol, April I, 2008. Human Rights Walch, l1!!£, 35. 12/ Institute for Political Analysis and Documentation, (2009) 28. {22. Wai Moe, "USDA 10 Organize Referendum, Election, " The Irrcnvaddv. {I Feb. 2008. 123, Marwaan Mac an-Markar. "P10!1S Readied to Rig Constitution Referendum." In/er Press Service News Agencv, 23 ApI: 2008. 124 Instltute for Political Analysts and Documentatton, (2009) 19.

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129. "USDA claims credit for disaster relief efforts, " Democratic 2008.

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/57. "Farmers encouraged 10 join USDA 10 gel /O(ll'IS, " Demoer(lIie Voice of Burm(1, f 5 Jon 2.0.09. /58. "USDA grants /OOI1S 10 farmers, " Dell/ocral ie Voice of'Burll/o. 6 Jan. 2009, /59. "USDA promises waterto new members," Demoeralie Voice ofBw'IJ1(1. 27 J(II1. 2009. /60. "USDA grams 100l1s/0 farmers," Democralie l0ice o(BlIl"ma, 6 Jan. 20.09.

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203. Union Election Commission, Pvillm HIIIII01V Electoral Lmv (20/0) 41(0). 204. Aye Nai, "Burma PM 'gnaranteed election win, " Democratic Voice or Burma. Oct, 20JO. 205. Ahunt Phone Myat, "PM's party claims 18m memb ers," Democralic Voice or Burma, 29 Oct. 20/0.

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2/7. COl1slih;lion 60.

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Commission chairman Thein Soe and fellow election commission member Tin A"ng Aye have hem blacklisted by the European Unionfor their leading role in violattng Dm,' Aung San S"," Kyi~' rights in ex/ending her house arrest sentence in 2009. As such, leading members of the election commission has already demonstrated that they will prioritize the ''''g'''"e's demands above the rights of'their citizens. See Union Election Commission LC/lL, Article 3, 4; "Election Commission Members jivm VariOIlSBackgnnmds,", The Irrawaddv. 12 MCI!:10.' "Chairman 0/ Burmo s Election Commission on EU blacklist," Mi7,ima News. 2 Apr 10.

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Aug.2010. o -. "PM~' party claims 18m members. " Democralic J0ice ofBurma. 29 OCI. 2010. o A IIchin, Joseph. "Burmese jtmt a 'politicizing post-Nargis aid' " Democralic Voice of' Burma. 29 Apr: 2010. o Altsean-Burma. Burma 20/0 Elections - The $101')1 so ({II: OCI. 2010. o -. Burma Briefing - Burma '5 N(liiona! COl/lien/ion: IIlegilima/e. Unl'ep''esen/(I/ille &Oppressive. 15 Feb. 2005. o Amnesty lnternotlonal. Mvanmar: The repression or elhnic minorill' GClivisls in

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"Farmers encouraged 10 join USDA 10 gel loans." Democratic Voice of BIII"I'1(I. 15 Jan. 2009. Free BI/I'ma Rangers. FER Repol"/_-BIII'IIJaA I"mv A /lacks Villages in Eastern 8111"ma Ihev ObSlruc/ Re!ieUo Cve/one Victims in/he South. 29 May 2008. as "Free USDA Clinics Open in Rangoon Division Townships." The Irrawaddv. 17 May 2007. "Government officials appropriate international (lid". Dell1ocr,'lic Voice of Burma. 13 May 2008. Gray, Denis D. "Junia Crushed 'Saffron Revolt, 'but What Next?" A P. 8 Oct. 2007 Hancock, L "Mobilization of the Masses: How Much of a Threat is the USDA?" Burma Issues. 2003. Horsey, Richard. "The dramatic events of2007 in Myanmar: domestic and international implications. " Diclatorship. Disorder and Decline in Mva",n{/!: eel Monique Skidmore and Trevor Wilson Canberra: AN U E Press, 2008. Hsat Linn. "Anyone But Them . ., The lrrawaddv; 2 l Oct. 20 I O. Hseng Khio Fah. "Druglords 10 contest on junta party tickets." Shan Herald A gell Cll for News 27 Sept. 2010. -. "PM~' party recruits mem bers forcibiy in Shan State." 2 I M(lY 2010. Human Rights Walch. Chr"Onologv o[Burmo 's ConSlilulional Process. Nell' York, May 2008. -. Crackdown: Repression o(lhe 2007 Pomr/Of' Protesls in ,&11"1)1(1. New l0rk, Dec. 2007. -. / Wmlilo Help Mll Own People: Siale Conlrol and Civil Socielv in BI/rm(l (lfie!" Cve/one Nal·gis. Nell' York, ApriflOIO. -. Vote 10 NUlIIhere_-The Ml/v 2008 Constitulional Referendum in Burma. Nell' York, M(ly2008, "Illegal USDf Campaign Tactics." The frrawaddv 7 Oct 1010 Inside So II rce. Confidentiol: USDA Soulh Okkalapo TowlI.,h il> , E(lsiern Dislriel. R(lngoon Division On!(l!1izalioJ1(11Plew (Febrllmy 1004JInstitute for Political Analysis and Documentation. No Real Choice: An Assessmem of Burma:< 2008 Re{i?rendllm. Yangon: New Light of Burma Press, 2009. Jagan, Larry. "Junta s (hugs go (III out to crush dissent and opposition ." Mizzim(l News. 15 June 2007. "Junia revamps civil militia 10 help USDA in polls." KhoJ1umthling News Group. 23 Apr: 20/0 "KDA pressures people 10 1IQle for USDP " Kochi" News Group. I Oct. 20 ID. Khaing SIIU, "USDP nominates business tycoons as poll candidates. " Mizzirn(l News. 15 Sept 2{)10. -." USDP offering /1810' roads for voles. " Mizzimo News. 27 Juiy 2010. Kyaw Thein Kha. "USDP Handing Dill 'Incentives in Shan State." The lrrawaddv: 26 May 2010. Ko Htwe. "We Have Enough Money; USDP Tells Australians." The Irrawaddv. I July 2010. Lawi Weng. "Regime-backed Parties Campoign for Muslim Votes. " The !rrmvatldv.22 Apr: 2010, Mocan-Markas; Marwaan. "Plans Readied to Rig Constitution Referendum. " Inler' Press Service Nm,'s Agencv. 23 ApI: 2008. -, "Whiteshirts - Burma JUI1W's Storm Troopers." IPS. 1 Oct. 2007, Maung Too. "Army 10 vole in separate ballo! boxes. " Democra/ic Voice or Bur"'a. 15 Sept. 2010. -. "NLD member 'attacked byjunta thugs. '" Democml/c Voice of 'Burma., 6 May 2010.

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"Mo» State PDC Ordered Chaungzon USDA 10 form USDA Battalion in Town ." Burma News Intemotional. 15 Oct. 2004. "Murdered Ex-Political Prisoner Thet Naing 00 B uried. " Democratic ""ice or B /Irma. 20 Mar: 2006. "Myanmar: UN righ!« expert to probe ollegotions of abuses during crackdown. " UN News Centre. 24 OCI. 2007. Myinl Moung, "USDP gives loans to farmers who sign their votes away." Mi2zima News. 14 Aug. 2010. Nakashima, Ellen. "Burma's Iron 'Aunly" kung San SUII Kyi s Steely Will Keeps a Country's Hopes A live. " Washington Post. 13 QC! 2003. National Coalition Government ofthe Union of Burma. "Exposing the Real USDA. " NCGUB In{(wl/wlion Unit, June 2003. Human Ri"hts Year Book 1994. 8"rma. /994. Human Ri"hlS Year Book 1996:· B"rma. 1996. HRDU Yearbook 2002 I Chapler 10: Freedom of Bel idand Re/ir:iol1. 2003. HRDU VeO/'book 2003 I Chapler 10. Freedom of Belie{em" Religion. 2()()4. HRDU Vear'boak 2007 I Chapter' 10: Fr'eedom of Mavemenl. Assembl)l and Associ(llion, 2008. -, H R DU Yearbook 2007 I Clwpter II. The Sam'on Revolution - The 2007 ProDemocracv Movement. 2008, -. HRDU Yearbook 2008.2009. National League for Democracy (Liberated Area). Activities orNa/ioned League {or Democrac,,: Mall-Julv2010. August 20/0, "Nearly one hundred people killed in religiOriS riot in So lither" Burma. " Network Media GrOllp. 28 o«. 200 I. Network for Democracy and Development The While Shirls: How Ihe USDA Will Become the New Face o(B"rma ~'Diclt/lorship. Thailand, May 2006. WeekiI' Political Events Regar'ding Ihe SPDC's Election, v. 20, 12 june 2010. "NLD Member Charged Afier Being Beaten." Demor.:ralic voice of Burma. 4 July 2008. "NUDP not to conies/ elections in Bunna." Kanlarawaddv Times. 18 Sept. 2010. Phonida. "NUP lodges complaint against USDP" M,:zzima News. 26 Aug. 20/0. "PM~' party forcibly recruiting members in Shan State. " Shan Herald A ?enC)I (or News. 21 May 2010. "PM~ party opens offices 10 roars ofsupport. " Democr(llic Voice of Burma. 20 Aug. 2010. "Pulice refuse to arrest attackers ofopposttion members. " Democralic 1i>iceo{ Burma. 20 ApI: 2009, The Public lntemational Low & Policy Group. Burmese COnslilwional Re{aendum: NeilfwI" Free Nor Fair' May 2008. "Rangoon Mayor Says USDP Using State Funds." TIle Irrawaddv. 4 Oct. 2010. "Rangoon residents suffer in cyclone aftermath. " DemOCl"cllic Voice 0{8urma. 5 May 2008. "Recruiting Civilians in Villelge Communities 10 Attend Short-Term Basic Military Training. " Independenl Man News Agencv. 18 June 2003. "Referendum Approved ill Cyclone-hit Areas," Associclled Press. 26 May 2008, "Referendum: Voices of a nation in distress. " Democratic Voice of Burma. /0 May 2008. "Refired Myanmar generals join dec/ion Fay. " DPA. 15 Sept, 2010, "Riot control directive issued 10 local authorities." Democratic Voice of BU/"lI1(1. 8 Sept 2008. "Riot Control Training Held in Rangoon," DemocrCl/ic Voice of Burma. I Dec, 2008,

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"Rial training given /0 Rangoon civilians. " Democratic ""'ice or Burma. 2/ Sept. 2009 "Rohingya Party Prevented from Campaigning. " The lrrawaddv. 22 Oct. 2010,Salal Tun. "USDP 'violating electoral law in poaching rival party members. , .. Mi7zima News. 21 July 2010. Saw Yan Naing. "40 Burmesse dissents given prison terms of up 10 6j years." The lrrawaddv. 1/ Nov, 2008, -. "Cyclone Survivors Forcibly Evicted. " The lrrowaddv. 24 May 2008. -. "People Oppose Junta in Staged Rallies to Support National Convention. " The Irrawaddy /7 Ocr 2007 'Second NLD member attacked in Hlaing Tharyar: "Inside 8U1·ma. 7 ApI: 2008. Shah Paling. "Over 200 NLD Members A rres led Since Beginning of Crackdo lLIl1 , " The Irrawaddy 5 OCI. 2007. State Law and Order Restoration Council. SIGle LORC Dec/a,.o/ion No. 1190. Burma, 27 July 1990. State Peace and Development Council. "Announcement No 212008.- In accordance with the forthcoming Slate Constltution, the multi-porty democracy general elections will be held in 2010." The New Lighl o(Myann",r. 1/ Feb. 2008. Steinberg, David "Myanmar and the requirements of Mobilization and Orthodoxy: The Union Solidarity and Development Association." B'/Ir",a Debate. Feb. 1997. "Township Youth Blackmailed 1"10 Joining USDA, .. Democratic Voice 0(8I1rm(l, 8 Feb/',ICIIY 2008. U Pyinya Zawta. "All Burma Monks 'Alliance » Featured Articles & Statements." All B1/nna Monks' Alliance. December 2009. 22 OCI. 2010 <hrtpi/! otlburmomonksottiance.org/? page _i"-195>. Union Election Commission Directille No. 212010, Article / I (d). 21 July 20/0. -. Politicial Parties Registration Law. 2010. -. Pvi/hu If h,lla", Elec/ora/ Low 20 1D. Union Solidarity and Development POJ"/Y.Union Solidarilv and Deve/opment Parly Immediate Working Plan tOr Success in 20 I0 Election. Unofficial Trans. Network for Democracy and Development. Burma, 2010. The Universal Dec/tWa/ion o(Human fl.if!hls, Article 201 10 Dec. 1948. "Up to 24 More Protesters Held in 8'111"m(I."' RadiO Free Asia 22 Aug. 2007. "USDA claims credit for disaster relief efforts." DemocrC/tic Voice ofBurma. 8 MC/y

2008.

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22 Dec.

200S.

Dell/ocrCllic Voice ofBw··ma. 27 JCli1.2009.

o "USDA Sets Vil/(Ige on Fire and Kidnaps 32 Muslim Students in Sagaing Division." o MII';lim InfOrmation Cenler o[S1Il'ma. 4 Feb. 2003.

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