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    Dean W Gilfillan
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    The document describes the components and functions of a science and technology level one diagnostic and therapeutic x-ray machine. It contains sections on x-ray production, the electron source including the tungsten filament and focusing cup, the evacuated tube, oil insulation, bellows, and window. It describes the diagnostic and radiotherapy applications and principles and includes sections on the complex anode assembly with disc, stem, rotor, and bearings. It also describes the compound tungsten-rhenium target, saucer, diameter, and molybdenum connector. Other sections cover the rotor, rotor support, ball bearings, vacuum, and high voltage electrical supply.

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    The document describes the components and functions of a science and technology level one diagnostic and therapeutic x-ray machine. It contains sections on x-ray production, the electron source including the tungsten filament and focusing cup, the evacuated tube, oil insulation, bellows, and window. It describes the diagnostic and radiotherapy applications and principles and includes sections on the complex anode assembly with disc, stem, rotor, and bearings. It also describes the compound tungsten-rhenium target, saucer, diameter, and molybdenum connector. Other sections cover the rotor, rotor support, ball bearings, vacuum, and high voltage electrical supply.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    10 views33 pages

    Relative Resource Manager

    Uploaded by

    Dean W Gilfillan
    The document describes the components and functions of a science and technology level one diagnostic and therapeutic x-ray machine. It contains sections on x-ray production, the electron source including the tungsten filament and focusing cup, the evacuated tube, oil insulation, bellows, and window. It describes the diagnostic and radiotherapy applications and principles and includes sections on the complex anode assembly with disc, stem, rotor, and bearings. It also describes the compound tungsten-rhenium target, saucer, diameter, and molybdenum connector. Other sections cover the rotor, rotor support, ball bearings, vacuum, and high voltage electrical supply.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 33

    Science and Technology Level One Diagnostic and Therapeutic

    What

    is it?

    Function Design

    Components
    Heat

    http://tech.snmjournals.org/content/32/3 /139.full

    X-ray

    production is;

    Inefficient

    99% heat 1% radiation

    Diagnostic;

    Therapeutic;

    Kilovoltage peak

    (kVp)
    Milliamperage (mA)

    Exposure time (s)

    ELECTRON SOURCE

    Tungsten (z74)
    3387oC Low work function Low vapour pressure

    Ductile
    Coiled

    Negatively

    charged

    Filament Focusing cup (hood)


    Nickel Open end -ve charge

    Copper Massive Poor

    X-ray producer

    Target

    Tungsten

    (z74)

    Efficient x-ray producer Mechanical strength Thermal conductivity Melts at 3387oC Low vapour pressure

    Ductile

    Evacuated

    Thermionic emission Reduced attenuation Reduced filament

    oxidisation

    Borosilicate

    Ceramic Metal
    Insulation

    Oil

    Convection Insulation

    Window

    Bellows

    Expansion Contraction

    Thermal Switch Housing


    Steel Lead

    Diagnostic

    Most applications
    Radiotherapy

    X-ray simulator CT simulator


    Principles

    as S.A.T.

    Modifications
    Anode Cathode

    Complex

    Anode disc Anode stem Rotor Rotor support Bearings

    Area

    of bombardment
    speed rotation area moves

    High

    Heated

    Focal

    track

    Compound

    target

    Tungsten 90% (z74) Rhenium 10% (z75)


    Saucer

    / Discus

    Graphite (z6) Molybdenum (z42) Concave reverse


    Diameter

    variable

    90-200mm

    Connects;

    Anode disc Rotor


    Molybdenum

    (z42)

    Melts at 2620oC
    Small

    diameter

    Minimises conduction Maintains thermal

    gradient

    ROTOR

    ROTOR SUPPORT

    Copper
    High electrical

    Steel
    Robust Supports anode assembly

    conductivity Allows induction of strong currents

    Drives the anode disc


    The moving part of the

    Electrical supply
    +ve high tension supply End of rotor support Outside envelope

    induction motor

    Blackened surface
    Heat dissipation Black body

    Steel balls Lubricated


    Lead Silver Liquid metal

    Maintain vacuum
    No oil / grease

    Transmit high tension


    To rotor

    http://qs1252.pair.co

    m/monarchm/elsevie r/mro_physics2e_v1/ mod07/07s03l0106.ht ml

    Monochromatic Low energy Molybdenum target Space charge problems


    2 filaments

    http://www.sprawls.or g/resources/MAMMO/ module.htm

    Characteristic radiation

    simultaneously Small anode-cathode distance

    Provides;

    Radiation protection
    lead

    Electrical protection
    Earthed Mineral oil

    Thermal protection
    Oil Bellows Switch

    Physical protection

    Conduction

    Radiation

    Solids

    EMR, infra-red Vacuum Black body

    KE, atoms vibrate Heat transfer

    Convection

    Liquid or gas

    Atoms separate
    Molecules rise Convection currents

    Target

    & Disc:

    Tube

    housing

    Conduction Radiation

    Conduction
    Atmosphere:

    Glass

    envelope:

    Convection
    Assisted

    Conduction

    cooling:

    Oil:

    Fans
    Oil circulation Heat exchangers

    Convection

    http://hsc.uwe.ac.uk/radscience/xray_tube/x_ray_tube_web/x_ray_p2.htm http://tech.snmjournals.org/content/32/3 /139.full http://radiologyworld.blogspot.com/2011_05_01_archive. html

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