1.356.

P6

INFLUENCE OF 50 HZ MAGNETIC FIELD ON GROWTH OF MUSHROOM SPECIES :SHITAKE (LENTINUS EDODES) AND OYSTER (PLEUROTUS ASTREATUS)
Bambang Anggoro, Parouli M. Pakpahan, Fajar Dwi Kusnoaji, K.T Sirait
Electrical Department - Faculty of Industrial Technology - Bandung Institute of Technology J1. Ganesha 10, Bandung - Indonesia Telp/Fax : +62-22-2500995

ABSTRACT
Investigation on effects of electromagnetic fields on different aspects of biological systems had been done by much research. Our present study which has been carried out under the joint research between the lab. of Highvoltage and Highcurrent Engineering and Lab. of Microbiology of Institut Teknologi Bandung investigates influence of 50 Hz magnetic field on the growth of several species of mushroom. In this study, we observed growth of mushroom, from spora up to fully ripped stages, under magnetic field exposure of different intensity from 0,l mT to 1,7 mT. During exposure the room condition was held constant at temperature of 20C and 95% humidity. We noted that some parameters such as : mushroom growth velocity, shape, dimension, quantity, color and period of mushroom ovary are significantly influenced by magnetic energy absorbed.

Introduction
Breeding of spora is done by putting the mushrooms spora of Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus in Potato Dextrose Gelantine in the 9 cm glass cup. This cup is isolated from open air by parafilm. Cup of mushrooms spora placed in the solenoid for generating 50 Hz magnetic fields. Dimension of solenoid 15 cm height, radius = 30 cm; 200 turns; energized by 50 Hz, 27,5 Volt and placed in the conditioned rooms for making temperature 22OC and humidity 95% constant. In this experiment we applied magnetic fields of 0 mT for control specimen and different exposures of, 0,l mT, 0,5 mT, 1,0 mT and 1,7 mT for the specimens under investigation. The exposure was given continuously during 60 days starting from inoculation stage up to fully ripped stages.

Experiment Set Up
Simple electrical circuit was utilized for producing magnetic fields in the solenoid, placed in the well controlled room. The dimension of the cup where mushrooms sporas should be grown up is of 9 cm diameter and 2 cm of thickness. Each solenoid contained up to 10 cup samples of spora. To avoid interfering magnetic field from one solenoid to the others. We took sufficient distance between each solenoid. The experiment circuit can be seen in the figure 1.

High Voltage Engineering Symposium, 22-27 August 1999 Conference Publication No. 467, 0 IEE, 1999

Figure 1. Experiment Set-up

1.357.P6

Procedure of experiment can be described as follow : Mushroom sporas were breeded in Potato Dextrose Gelantine placed in a glass cup, after inoculation process; the cups were covered and sealed to isolate the specimens from open air. We used 4 solenoids and each solenoid produced magnetic field of 0,l mT; 0,5 mT; 1,O mT and 1,7 mT. One set of experiment consisted of 10 glass cup specimens placed within the solenoid. We also observed one set of glass cup specimen which was not exposed to magnetic field, as control specimen Magnetic fields exposure was given to specimen 24 hourslday, during 60 days. First stage about 2 or 3 weeks of exposure, we checked the growth velocity of mycelium, and then followed by 5 up to 6 weeks exposure after which we carried out observation on the growth of mushrooms, for examples : quantity of primordia (ovary of mushrooms) dimension, color These procedure was repeated for other species of mushrooms Lenticus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus The specimen having cup dimension of 9 cm diameter and 2 cm thickness will absorb magnetic energy that can be calculated by the formule :

100.00 90.00

80.00

70.00 60.00 50.00

m .0

40.00 3000 20.00 10.00

0 00
0

1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4

N th day
-1.7ml

___ O.lml

kontrol -1ml

- - - - - 0 5ml

Figure 2. Growth velocity of mycelium (Pleurotus ostreatus)

so 00
80 00 70.00

.-/

, f
//

/-

-0

60.00.

:
. ,A I %
0

/f

50.00.
40.00 30.00

20 00

Assuming that p of the specimen is equal po,so: W = -- Ipdp.dB.dz 2 P YO1 o W = 101,25 BZjoule/det

1000-

/--, , , , ,

. z - /
.
, , ,
I , ,

1 B2

ooo.r,,

I-

-0Sml

O.lml

--kontrol -1ml

-----

1.7rnl

Experiment result and discussion

a 0 Growth velocity of mycelium The figures 2 and 3 show Mycelium diameters of Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus edodes, taken by a microscope with 40 to 100 times enlargement, respectively.

Figure 3. Growth velocity of mycelium (Lentinus edodes)

1.358.P6

Condition of sporas room, temperature and humidity were checked everyday. From those figures we can see that exposure of 0.5 mT tends to decrease growth velocity, yet on the centrally the intensity of 1.7 mT increases the growth, so that the period of growing-up will shorten up to 3 - 5 days. From this observation the intensity of 1.7 mT may be considered advantageous to the growth of mycelium. But this is not fully true if we take into account other aspects that will be presented in following. b 0 Dimension of primordia (ovary of mushroom) and of fully ripped mushroom. In table 1 and 2, we present the dimension of primordia and fully ripped mushroom of Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus edodus, respectively. Table 1. Dimension of primordia and riped mushroom of Pleurotus ostreatus
Primordia Riped mushroms Magnetic Quantities Dimension Quantities Dimension fields (percup) (mm) (percup) (mm) Control 6 1 7 1 (without magnetic field) 2 <4 1 6 0,l mT 0,5 mT 2-4 4-7 3 6-8 2-4 5-10 2 7-10 1,O mT 1-2 1,7 mT <2 1 <2

c) We also observed the influence of absorved magnetic field energy on growth velocity of mycelium. Figure 4 and 5 shows that condition. Total days for 100% full mycelium

I
18 16

1,8

50 157 400 Total Magnetic Energy (Joule)

Figure 4. Magnetic energy absorbed by Pleurotus ostreatus Total days for 100% 12 full mycelium

13

13

Table 2. Dimension of primordia and ripped mushroom of Lentinus edodus

Magnetic Primordia Riped mushroms fields Quantities Dimension Quantities Dimension (percup) (mm) (percup) Control (without 1 3 1 6-8 magnetic field) 0,l mT 1-3 3-5 1-3 7,5-10 0,5 mT 1- 3 2-6 1-3 7-14 2-4 3-5 5-11 1,OmT 3-5 1,7 mT 2 -3 5-8

Magnetic Energy (Joule) Figure 5. Magnetic energy absorbed by Lentinus edodes From 2 above figures can be seen that magnetic energy can stimulate the growth of mycelium. d) The rising period of mushrooms ovary (primordia). In the table 3 is presented the length of period needed by primordia of Pleurotus Ostreatus and Lentinus edodus.

The tables show the 1,O mT magnetic field will have a better effects than the other, intensities, since this magnetic field intensity can produce more primordias and bigger ripped mushroom. Even 1,7 mT magnetic fields intensity will press down the growth of primordia be obtained, and no ripped mushrooms. At this stage the color of primordia change from white to yellow or brown.

1.359.P6

Table 3 Rising period of primordia for Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus edodes Magnetic Fields (mT) Pleurotus ostreatus 35 40 36 31 43 Lentinus edodes 37 36 37 30 30

0 (control)

The table above shows that 1,0 mT magnetic field can make mushrooms to grow faster than the other. For magnetic fields more than 1,0 mT, the response of Pleurotus Ostreatus and Lentinus edodus were not same, but it may have same characteristic. Conclusion Growing characteristic of mushrooms from spora up to fully ripped mushrooms is influenced by 50 Hz magnetic fields. 2 0 Magnetic field exposure of 1,0 mT is the most favorable condition for growing mushrooms. 3 0 The climate conditions of experiment must be kept constant, at 2OoC temperature and 95% humidity. 4 0 Magnetic field exposure of 1,7 mT seems to result in unfavorable influence of mushroom growth, and in some cases could even stop the breeding process.

4 0 Frohlich, H, The biological effects of microwaves and related question, Electronics Electron Physics, 1980. 5 0 Schwan, H.P., Dielectric properties of biological tissue and biophysical mechanisms of electromagnetic-field interaction, Biological Effects of Nonionizing Radiation, American Chemical Society Symposium Series, 1981. 6 0 Chang Shu-Ting, Miles Philip G., Edible Mushrooms & Their Cultivation, CRC Press, 1989. 7 0 Murray, Andrew & Hunt, Tim, .The Cell Cycle : an Introduction, W.H Freeman & Company, 1993. 8 0 Landecker, Elizabeth-Moore, Fundamentals of The Fungi, Prentice Hall, Inc., 1982.

in

Reference
1 0 Gandhi, OM P., Biological Effects & Medical Applications of Electromagnetic Energy, Prentice Hall, 1990. 20 Pugh, Emerson M., Pugh, Emerson W, Principle o f Electricity & Magnetism, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1960. 30 Foster, K.R, et. AI., Microwave dielectric studies on proteins, tissues, and heterogeneous suspensions, Bioelectromagnetics, 1982.