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Absiract - In the paper modeling and simulation of diesel motor voltage feedback loop, the internal feedback loop is provided
with speed control system and generator with Voltage system as using excitation current of exciter. . Selfexcited
complex, nonlinear and multivariable systems are presented. compounding unit operates as a current supplier, always
Mathematical models for every part of diesel electrical giving more current than the excitation of the exciter needs.
aggregate (diesel motor with its speed control system,
Generator voltage control system is based upon performs on
synchronous generator, synchronous exciter, self-excited
compounding unit, voltage controller and load) are developed principle of subtraction of exciter excitation current using
and connected in common model of aggregate. Upon these current sink. Voltage controller has PID characteristic, while
mathematical models of the aggregate, simulation model is exciter excitation current controller has P characteristic.
made using “MatrixX))simulation software package. Pulse-width modulator (PWM) operates with current of
The paper also deals with comparation of characteristics current sink, commonly known as exciter excitation current.
seen from the simulation aspect and measurements. Bringing Initial excitation is realized via self-excited resonant LC
into a model new current sink, simulation results better match unit, while compoundation via compound transformer.
experimental results. So, this model is privileged for selection Generator frequency and resonant frequency of LC unit are
of diesel electrical aggregate’s type and for analyzing quality of
load supplying.
equal.
Keywords - Diesel Aggregate, Modeling, Sunulation, Isolated In control system of generator voltage new current sink
System. (Fig. 2) with reactor and transistor switch is used. This
current sink is capable of achieve changes of exciter
I. INTRODUCTION excitation current in much wider range (practically from
zero to maxim-) with less loading current of transistor
Diesel electrical aggregates usually supplies isolated than today’s current sinks with resistor and transistor switch.
systems, or acts as a reserve power suppliers. Such systems Transistor switch needs constant frequency and‘changeable
are characterized with the fact that aggregate’s power fits transistor impulse conduction period. Characteristic of
almost equally the power of installed loads. Procedure of exciter excitation current which depends on PWM operation
switching bigger loads in such systems causes considerable
dynamic changes in amplitude and settling time of voltage r -4 -U,- - - - - - - - - - -
and frequency. Considering quality of supplied load, known I
0-7803-3 104-4
. a75 -
Fig. 3 Simplified functional scheme of diesel motor
“0 “b “c
w where JDMis aggregate inertia torque, TDMdiesel motor
GENERATOR
torque, Teh generator’s electromagnetic torque, z1 and z2
Fig. 2 h c i p l e scheme of self-excited umt with current sink time constants of speed controller, w aggregate speed, coo
reference aggregate speed, k control amplifier and TDMo
signal is nonlinear and also depends on frequency. Linear diesel motor torque at no-load state.
static characteristic of exciter excitation current with internal
control loop is taken enabling increase in speed of system B. Synchronous generator
performance.
Diesel motor accompanied with control system and Usually, mathematical models or synchronous generator
generator with the voltage control system make complex, are given by transforming steady state abc coordinate system
nonlinear and multivariable systems. Mathematical models into dq coordinate system. According to references,
are developed for each part of diesel electrical aggregate mathematical model is given in dq system with nonlinear
(chesel motor with speed control system, synchronous variables, but the way of taking nonlinearities into the model
generator, brushless exciter, self-excited compounding unit, depends on solving the concrete problem. Because of
vdltage controller and load), whch are afterwards ccinnected saturation in mathematical model of generator with self-
in general model of the aggregate. excitation remanence and nonlinearities using no-load state
characterislics. In the model of the generator, changes of
A . Diesel motor variables are taken in d-axis. It is supposed that variables in
q-axis are constant. The p.u. equations of mathematical
Diesel motor expresses characteristics of complex, model of generator with saturation included are:
multivariable and nonlinear system. Its dynamic behavior is - vd = R, . id + ( x i . id + xJd . ir + x& ‘ 1, + y d O+) w .y, , (3.a)
presented via system of differential equations of motor, (X , ‘ l , + X g * i Q ) - ~ ’ v / d ,
turbocompressor, inlet and outlet collectors and speed
-v,=R,’l,+S (3 .b)
controller. By taking into consideration of dfierentid VI = R, .i, f s
(x ‘M . id +x; .if + x & . io +yll,,) , (34
equations of turbocompressor, inlet and outlet collectors, 0 = R, .io + s xdD .id +x& .if + x i .i , +yo,,) ,
khowledge o€ many diesel motor characteristics are required (* (3.4
as much as very complicated experimental measurements. 0 = R, .i, + s (xa . zq‘ +x, .iQ ) , (33)
Because of observing priority of generator’s characteristic
variables, diesel motor as the part of the aggregate is in
T, = id (x, .I , + x g .i, ) - ( . . ; . I d + x ; .t,+x; .i, +
(3.0
transient process usually given with simplified model. Thus, +v D 0 ) ‘ ‘q
neglected differential equations of turbocompressor, inlet Changes of variables in d-axis of generhtor model which
and outlet collectors results with simplified functional are taken in no-load state condition are marked with *, while
scheme (Fig. 3). index “0” denotes remanence. Change of saturation caused
It is assumed that speed control has direct impact on by generator speed changing is neglected. In Fig. 4 change
opening of gas leading valve “a” which fits the quantity of of reactance xid is shown. Supposing that dissipation of
motor gas leading in no-load state and transient process.
Also, in diesel motor operation, the torque pulsation is reactances are constant, x;d = x& = x& worth.
neglected assuming direct proportion of torque (without
delaying) to quantity of motor gas leading. C. Brushless exciter with rotating diode rectifier
Speed controller has different designs. In today’s practice,
direct mechanical? mechanic-hydraulical, elecrohydraulical Presently, according to references full dynamic
and electronic controllers with microprocessors are used. In performance of brushless exciter with rotating diode rectifier
the paper, motor with direct mechanical controller is taken. is not explored in depth in different generator operating
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