Definition

Present Perfect Tense is a form sentences in English that states an action that has been done (in the past). The past can now, just now, yesterday, last week, last month, last year, and etc. Present Perfect Tense is usually marked with the word : since, three times, two times, etc. The present perfect is a grammatical combination of the present tense and the perfect aspect, used to express a past event that has present consequences. An example is "I have eaten" (so I'm not hungry). Depending on the specific language, the events described by present perfects are not necessarily completed, as in "I have been eating" or "I have lived here for five years." The present perfect is a compound tense in English, as in many other languages, meaning that it is formed by combining an auxiliary verb with the main verb. For example, in modern English, it is formed by combining a present-tense form of the auxiliary verb "to have" with the past participle of the main verb. In the above example, "have" is the auxiliary verb, where as the past participle "eaten" is the main verb. The two verbs are sometimes labeled "V1" and "V2" in grammar instruction.

Present Perfect Tense

Formula & Example

1. In positive sentence. There are 2 kinds of sentence. I/we/you/they + have + been He/she/it + has + been Example :
1) I have been to China before. 2) He has been bought a red car last week.

a. Nominal sentence :

b. Verbal sentence :

I/we/you/they + have + V 3 He/she/it + has + V 3

Example :
1) I have eaten. 2) We have sung Indonesia Raya together.

2. In negative sentence. If you want to make a negative sentence, then you must add not behind of have or has. I/we/you/they + have not + Formula : V3 He/she/it + has not + V 3 Example :
1) We have not killed the snake in the forest. Present Perfect Tense 2

2) He has not eaten the sandwich.

3. In interrogative sentence. If you want to make an interrogative sentence, so you must put have or has in front of the subject. Formula : Have + I/we/you/they + V 3? Has + He/she/it + V 3 ? Example :
1) Have I shot the bird just now ? 2) Has she met me this week ?

Present Perfect Tense

Use of Present Perfect Tense.

Used to describe an actions or events that happened in the past and still related with the present. Example : Mr. Agus has been here since an hour ago.
Used to indicate a repeat of action in the past. In this case often use

ever, never, before, already, and yet. Example : We have eaten our breakfast already. Used to declare an event that has happened. Example : She has met your father. Used to describe actions or events, which was completed in a short time. In this case is often used words such as at last, finally, just recently. Example : She has just spoken to me.

This is time signal which often used in present perfect tense.

Once Three times Several times This month Already As yet Lately twice many times this week this year just so far up to present times
Present Perfect Tense 4

Recently At least Since For two years Ever

finally since yesterday for an hour never

CONCLUSION
Example Present Perfect Tense Positive : She has gone (Dia baru saja pergi) Negative : She has not gone Interrogative : Has She gone ? Ingat, bukan She has go, bukan pula She has going, tidak pula She has goes. Go itu adalah kata kerja yang bentuk ketiganya adalah gone. Urutan perubahan bentuk kata kerja untuk Go adalah: Go-went-gone. Contoh lainnya: -I have written english lesson for 30 minutes -You have read my lesson since 2 PM Perhatikan perubahan kata kerja: Write wrote written (berubah) Read read read (lah kok sama? haha..) Saya ulangi -I have written english lesson for 30 minutes. Artinya: Saya telah menulis pelajaran bahasa inggris selama 30 menit. Dalam kalimat diatas, ditekankan telah nya itu dan sekarang sudah beres, sudah tidak lagi menulis. Tetapi jika penekanan Anda pada 30 menit yang lalunya maka Anda gunakan Past Tense yang lebih cocok.

Present Perfect Tense