A Beginning to a Bottom-Up Approach to Describing the Physical Universe

(author: Joshua Ferguson)

Axioms

The universe consists of three spatial dimensions and a temporal dimension; all of which are
infinitely resolute. Space is filled with energy called flux. Flux can either be kinetic or massive.
Kinetic flux travels at a constant speed, c, with regard to its background while massive flux travels at a
speed proportional to its density with an angular momentum, h, with regard to its background. The
background of space exists so that the energy expressed by the flux is at a minimal.

Flux is always conserved. Kinetic and massive flux are interchangeable.

Momentum and Energy

Momentum is a quantity that expresses the magnitude of kinetic flux present. Mass is a
quantity that expresses the magnitude of massive flux present. Energy is a quantity that expresses the
magnitude of the effect of all the flux present.
2 2 2
p ∝ kflux m∝mflux E ∝ kflux mflux

Massive flux travels in relatively curved paths and kinetic flux travels in relatively straight
paths, therefore if they were to be related by an interchangeable quantity, energy, this could be one way
of doing it:
2
mflux⋅v 2 2
F= ; F⋅r =m⋅v ; E=m⋅c E=kflux⋅c= p⋅c
r

The magnitude of each effect can then be superimposed by vector addition.

2 2 2 2
E =m⋅c   p⋅c 

Relativistic Velocity

A massive object moves relative to its background because kinetic flux is translating it. The
kinetic flux see themselves as traveling at the speed of c, but their translation is averaged against the
rest of the massive energy of the object. No massive object will ever be able to achieve the speed of c
since averaging the effect of any finite amount of kinetic flux with a single massive fluxling will
always yield a total velocity less than c. The system's energy content would approach infinity as it
approached the velocity of c.

Time

Time is the rate at which fluxling interactions take place. Massive flux experience time due to
density-speed. Therefore since effects are averaged against the whole system time is proportional to the
density-speed of flux per flux. Therefore if only massive flux exists within a system then the rate of
time is at a maximum, but if kinetic flux is present then the rate of time slows down. The density-speed

The Theory 1 of 5
is averaged against the kinetic flux which don't contribute to density-speed. As a massive system
approaches c, the rate of time for the massive system approaches zero.

Relativistic Factor

The relativistic factor, γ, is a factor that relates energy and rest energy content.
p=⋅m⋅v Momentum in the case of residing in a massive object.
2
E=⋅m⋅c Relates the relative increase in energy content due to the presence of kinetic flux.
t=⋅t a The time that passes for a rest frame is t, when time 't accelerated' passes for the accelerated
frame.
p 2
  ⋅v 2
2
  E=m⋅c 2 1 p 
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
E =m⋅c   p⋅c  E =m⋅c  1 2
E=m⋅c 1 
m⋅c m⋅c c

 ⋅v
2
⋅v
2
v2 2 1 1
= 1  
2
=1  
2
1− =1  = =
c c c
2 2
1−v /c 2
 1−v 2 /c 2
Influence of Space

Space attempts to minimize total system energy. This phenomenon creates a force. Its
magnitude is governed by the product of kinetic and massive strength. Its influence drops off as
surface area increases (the force is omni-directional since space doesn't know locations ahead of time).

h⋅c F⋅d 2 h m⋅v⋅d

2
h m⋅v 2⋅d h h
F= 2 = =
2
=m⋅c ⋅t=E⋅t=  E⋅ t=
4⋅⋅d c 4 c⋅t 4 c 4 4

Rephrasing the equation makes it appear in a format that governs a force limited by the
exchange of energy and total time required for the exchange to occur.

Gravity

Massive flux can be collected into and organized into a spherical field. The field would be most
dense in the center and have decreasing density as the distance from the center increases. Since speed is
proportional to density and the field is more dense towards the center, on average flux will tend to want
to move toward the center of the field; because when they travel towards the center they will travel
further since their speed increases, but when they travel away from the center they will travel less since
their speed decreases.

This effect allows the massive flux to exist in an equilibrium state called a gravity well. If any
other smaller mass of higher density than the surrounding field exists in the field, the fields will distort
each other and the masses will move closer together as on average their flux moves closer together.

That effect is called gravity. Gravity is an acceleration. A stable gradient flux will cause a
mass to start to move towards the area of higher flux. Once the mass has started moving, its interaction
between it and the gradient flux is unaffected, the gradient flux will still pull on it just as hard so the
effect is a cumulative addition of velocity, or acceleration.

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 This effect can be calculated by multiplying the density-speed of the background by the change
in density-speed of the gradient. Therefore the effect of gravity is proportional to the magnitude and
curvature of the field.

(1) g =b⋅ b

The gravitational field can only be in equilibrium if the centripetal force of the density-speed of
the background balances with the acceleration caused by gravity. On average for flux in equilibrium in
the field, gravity is only felt half the time; the flux is always moving and its movements define gravity
and for that reason it doesn't always feel gravity†.

(2)
b2 g
=
r 2
 g=
2⋅b 2
r
b=
 g⋅r
2

A solution for equations 1 and 2 would be:

g=

r2
b=
 2⋅
r
 b=
 
2⋅r
3

Where μ represents the total activity of the gravitational system. The total activity of a
gravitational system can be expressed as a function of its total mass (or energy) and rate at which it can
exchange energy.

G c⋅E total
=G c⋅mtotal = 2
c

The rate at which a gravitational system exchanges energy with the background is proportional
to the change in background's gravity across the system. The change in gravity makes equilibrium
harder since the exchange of energy at each extreme would occur at different rates; total activity of the
system goes up proportionally as a result of this†.

2⋅
Gc ∝  g ∝ (for sufficiently small objects)
r3

Gravitational Time Dilation

As speed increases, time slows down. Density speed doesn't escape this either, since the
movement of massive flux makes them appear as if they have kinetic energy relative to a rest frame.

1 ta ta ta
t=⋅t a = t= t= =
 1−v 2 /c 2 1−b 2
/c 2
1− 2⋅G⋅m/c ⋅r   1−2⋅g⋅r /c 2
2

Therefore as the magnitude of the gravitational field goes up then the rate at which time is
experienced goes down.

The Theory 3 of 5
Differential / Relativistic Gravitational Field Equations

As the density-speed of massive flux approaches c its density and actual speed will start to
diverge. The kinetic flux (depends on the reference frame) that causes movement can never push the
massive flux to c.

b
ed = c⋅ed

 b
2
 b=
1− 2  c2 ed 2
c

Assuming a spherical field, energy density is still going to change like before.

b
 ed =
2⋅r

With the b-delta-b equation one can then calculate an approximation to a simple spherical
gravitational field.

Electron

The collection of a compact sphere of massive flux can act as an individual unit or particle,
called an electron (or positron).

Inside the electron the behavior of flux is slightly different. Continuously compounded
recirculation of flux occurs in the gravitational field due to the constantly unorganized angular
movements and infinitely resolute temporal and spatial dimensions. In the electron, flux is much more
highly organized and recirculation is negligible which makes gravity stronger. It is continuously
compounded ergo e k and undergoes infinitely resolute recirculation ergo k =e−1 therefore gravity
is stronger by a factor of e e †.

v G⋅M e⋅ e
2 e

= 2
; centrifugal acceleration = gravitational acceleration
r r
r⋅v =G⋅M e⋅ e
2 e
; simplify
2
b G⋅M e⋅ e
e
e
r⋅ ⋅ 2
 =G⋅M e⋅ e ; substitute a proportion to find velocity; electron keeps the curvature as the background
g r
b ⋅G⋅M e⋅ e=r ⋅g ; simplify
2 e 3 2

e 2⋅h 3 2
b ⋅G⋅M e⋅ e=
2
 ⋅g ; substitute in radius, twice normal wavelength to create a stable standing wave
M e⋅c
b ⋅G⋅M e⋅c ⋅ e=8⋅h ⋅g ; simplify
2 4 3 e 3 2


3 2
4 8⋅h ⋅g
M e= 2 ; solve for unknown
b ⋅G⋅c ⋅ e
3 e


2 3
4 8⋅ b ⋅h
M e= e ; substitute in curvature
 e⋅G⋅c
3

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 
14 m3
3.986004418x10
s2 3
4 8⋅ 3
⋅h ; test some math
2⋅6377000 m  −31
M e= 3
=9.109x10 kg
m
e e⋅6.6742x10−11 2
⋅c
3

kg⋅s

With G being inversely proportional to Δb (curvature), electron mass is constant and well
within the bounds of the current known accuracy of G.

Wave Nature (under developed)

The wave-particle duality arises from interactions between the particles and the flux of the
gravitational background. The gravitational field can move particles and particles can move the
gravitational field. The particles cause relative rarefactions and compressions in the energy of the
gravitational field. These waves can then interact with other particles.

The wavelength of the resultant waves being the result of the kinetic flux interacting with the
massive background flux, equation (1) can be deduced. A long with equation (2) and the kinetic
energy equation (from page 1), equation (3) can be deduced.

h
(1) = (2) c=⋅ (3) E=h⋅
p

Further Work

Wave-particle duality needs to be explored more a long with a lot of other physical phenomena.
Also areas marked with † are items which appear very logical in the author's head but may not seem so
in others; more rigorous mathematical descriptions of these phenomena should be sought out.

The Theory 5 of 5