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WUC 112 University Mathematics (January 2007) TMA3 – Answer Guide

Question 1

2
3 2 3 2  h2
A = x =  h  =
4 4  3  3

dA 2
= h
dh 3
dA
dh h = 2 3
=
2
(2 3 ) = 4
3

Question 2

(a) f (x) = x 2 − 2x

( ) ( 2 x − 2)
1
1 2 −
f ' (x) = x − 2x 2
2
x −1
=
x 2 − 2x

x
( b ) g(x) =
x +1
2

x2 + 1 − 2x2
g ' (x) =
(x )
2
2
+1
1 − x2
=
(x )
2
2
+1

(c) h (x) = x2 sin 2x

h ' (x) = 2x sin 2x + 2x2 cos 2x
= 2x ( sin 2x + x cos 2x )

sin x
(d) u(x) =
1 − cos x
cos x (1 − cos x ) − sin 2 x
u ' (x) =
(1 − cos x ) 2
cos x − cos 2 x − sin 2 x
=
(1 − cos x ) 2
cos x − 1 1
= =
(1 − cos x ) 2
cos x − 1

Question 3
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(a) ( i ) x2y + xy2 = 2x

Differentiate with respect to x
dy dy
2xy + x2 + y2 + 2xy = 2
dx dx
dy
( x2 + 2xy ) = 2 – 2xy – y2
dx
dy 2 − 2 xy − y 2
=
dx x 2 + 2 xy

1 1
( ii ) + =1
x y
Differentiate with respect to x ,
1 1 dy
− 2 − 2 =0
x y dx
dy y2
=− 2
dx x

(b) x2 + y2 = 16
dy
2x + 2y =0
dx
dy x
=−
dx y
dy
At ( 2, 1 ) , = −2
dx

Equation of tangent to the circle at ( 2, 1 ) is

y −1
= − 2 ⇒ y = - 2x + 5
x−2

(c) ( i ) xy = 5
dy
y+x = 0
dx
dy y
= −
dx x

( ii ) x2 - y2 = 4
dy
2x - 2y = 0
dx
dy x
=
dx y

The two curves intersect at right angles.

Question 4

(a) f (x) = x3 – x - 2
f (1) = - 2 < 0 and f (2) = 4 > 0.
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Therefore, there is one real solution in the interval ( 1, 2 )

f ' (x) = 3x2 -1

3
xn − xn − 2
xn+1 = xn - 2
3xn − 1

x1 = 1.5,
x2 = 1.5217391,
x3 = 1.5213798,
x4 = 1.5213797,
x5 = 1.5213797.

(b) x (t) = 2 t 3

distance travelled
( i ) Average velocity =
time taken
2 ( 4 )3
= m s −1
4
= 32 m s-1.

dx
( ii ) The instantaneous velocity, = 6 t2
dt
dx
At t = 3, = 6 ( 3 )2 = 54 m s-1
dt

d 2x
( iii ) Acceleration = 2 = 12 t
dt
2
d x
At t = 3 , = 12 ( 3 ) = 36 m s -2 .
dt 2

Question 5
x x 2 x3
(a) f(x)= + +
4 2 3
1
f'(x)= + x + x2
4
f '' ( x ) = 1 + 2x

x3 + 2x − 1
(b) f(x)=
x
x (3 x 2 + 2 ) − x 3 − 2 x + 1 2x3 + 1
f'(x)= =
x2 x2

6 x 2 ( x 2 ) − 2 x(2 x 3 + 1) 2 x 4 − 2 x 2 ( x 3 − 1)
f '' ( x ) = = =
x4 x4 x3

(c) f ( x ) = ( x – 1 ) ( x + 1 ) ( x2 + 1 )
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= ( x2 – 1 ) ( x 2 + 1 )
= ( x4 – 1 )
f ' ( x ) = 4x 3
f '' ( x ) = 12x2

Question 6

( a ) C (100) = 2000 + 100 (100) – 0.1 (10000) = 11000

( b ) C' (x) = 100 – 0.2 x
C' (100) = 100 – 0.2 (100) = 80
( c ) The cost of producing one more computer after the first 100 have been
made = C (101) – C (100) = 2000 + 100 (101) – 0.1 (101)2 – 11 000
= 11 079.9 – 11 000
= 79.9 ≈ 80

Question 7

cos x − 1
(a) lim
x →0 x
cos x − 1 cos x − 1 cos x + 1
We can write = ×
x x cos x + 1
cos 2 x − 1
=
x (1 + cos x)
− sin 2 x − sin x sin x
= = ×
x(1 + cos x) x 1 + cos x

− sin x sin x sin x 0

Since lim = − lim = − 1 and lim
x →0 1 + cos x
= =0
x →0 x x → 0 x 2

cos x − 1
Hence, lim =0
x →0 x

Alternatively, students may apply L’ Hospital rule to find the limit.

cos x − 1 − sin x
lim = lim =0
x →0 x x →0 1

d cos ( x + h) − cos x
(b) ( cos x) = lim
dx h → 0 h
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cos x cos h − sin x sinh − cos x

= lim
h →0 h
 cos h − 1   sin h 
= cos x lim  − sin x  lim 
 h →0 h   h →0 h 
= − sin x

d d  cos x  − sin 2 x − cos 2 x

(c) ( cot x ) =  = = –1 – cot2 x
dx dx  sin x  sin 2 x
= – (1 + cot2 x)
= – cosec2 x

Question 8

(a) The length of a rectangle is x and the perimeter is 24.

24 − 2 x
The width must be = 12 − x
2
Area , A(x) = x ( 12 – x ) = 12x – x2
dA
= 12 – 2x
dx
dx dA
Given = 2, find the value of x when starts to become negative.
dt dt
dA dA dx
= x = (12 – 2x) 2 = 24 – 4x
dt dx dt
24 – 4x < 0
x > 6. The value of x is more than 6 cm when the area of the rectangle starts
to decrease.

(b) f (x) is continuous at x = 1 if xlim f ( x ) =1 = lim+ f ( x ) = a + b

→1− x →1

Thus, a + b = 1
f (x) is differentiable at x = 1
f (1 + h) − f (1) f (1 + h) − f (1)
if lim− = lim+ .
h →0 h h →0 h

(1 + h)3 − 1 f (1 + h) − f (1)
lim− = 3 and lim+ = a.
h →0 h h →0 h

Therefore, we obtain a = 3 and b = -2

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