Suggested solution FyBCh16-19-20NVC07 Electricity and Magnetic Field

NV-College

Physics B: FyBNVC07 Electricity and Magnetism

Instructions: The Test Warning! There are more than one version of the test. At the end of each problem a maximum point which one may get for a correct solution of the problem is given. (2/3/) means 2 G points, 3 VG points and an MVG quality. Tools Approved formula sheets, ruler, and graphic calculator. You may use one page of a personalized formula sheet which has your name on it. This should be submitted along with the test. 8:30-11:00 The multi-choice problems must be answered on the original paper. Problems 10 and 11 may take relatively a longer time. Leave about 60 minutes to solve these problems. They are of the greatest importance for the highest grade MVG. Limits: This tests gives at maximum 46 points, where 23 of points are VG-points. There are two problems marked by that you may use to demonstrate depth of your understanding of physics. minimum 15 points minimum 31 points, minimum 8 VG-points minimum 35 points, minimum 16 VG- points, MVG-quality work.

Time:

Pass (G): VG: MVG:

Please answer as clear as possible. Do not forget the UNITS! Enjoy it! Behzad

G VG G VG

1 1 1

2a 1

2b 1

2c 1

2d 1

3a 1

3b 3c 4 5 6a 6b 6c 7 8a 8b 9 Sum 1 1 3 1 1 2 0 2 1 1 2 21 2 3 1 2 9 Grade

10a 10b 11a G 2 VG 2 4 2 MVG G 2 VG 2 4 2 MVG

11b 11c Sum Name 23 4 2 23 23 4 2 23

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Suggested solution FyBCh16-19-20NVC07 Electricity and Magnetic Field

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1.

The figure below the magnetic field lines between two repelling north magnetic poles are illustrated. At which point is the magnetic field largest? [1/0] a) A C b) B c) C D d) D Why? Explain. [0/1] Answer: Alternative C. The magnetic field lines are more closed pack at point C. The strength of the magnetic field at a given point is in general illustrated by the density of the magnetic field lines at the point. An electron is shot into the region between the poles of a magnet. The initial velocity of the electron is 4.0 10 5 m / s perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field. The magnetic field is uniform and its magnitude is 0.50 T as illustrated in the figure. Data: Q = e = 1.6 10 19 C , v = 4.0 10 5 m / s , Q = e = 1.6 10 19 C B = 0.50 T a) The electron will [1/0] 4.0 10 5 m / s i) move straight and will not be deflected by the magnetic field. ii) will be deflected toward the left. iii) will be effected toward the right. B = 0.50 T iv) will be effected into the page. v) will be effected out of the page. Suggested solution: Answer: Alternative iv The electron will experience a magnetic force which is into the page of the paper and away from the readers of these words. Therefore, the electron will be deflected out of the page and away from the reader. The magnitude of the force is: r r r F = Qv B F = QVB sin 90 = 1.6 10 19 4.0 10 5 0.50 = 3.2 10 14 N b) The magnitude of the magnetic force on the electron is: [1/0] 16 i) 3.2 10 . N ii) 3.2 10 14 N iii) 6.4 10 19. N iv) 1.6 1016. N v) None. It is __________ Suggested solution: Answer: Alternative ii: F = 3.2 10 14 N r r r F = Qv B F = QVB sin 90 = 1.6 10 19 4.0 10 5 0.50 = 3.2 10 14 N

2.

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Suggested solution FyBCh16-19-20NVC07 Electricity and Magnetic Field

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c)

If the polarity of the magnet is reversed, the magnitude of the force [1/0] i) remains the same. ii) decreases. iii) increases. iv) decreases first, reaches to an equilibrium and then rises. Suggested solution: Answer: Alternative i: F = 3.84 10 16 N If the polarity of the magnet is reversed, the magnitude of the force on the electron will remain the same; only its direction will be reversed: i.e. the electron will move out of the page and toward the readers of these words: The magnitude of the force is still: r r r F = Qv B F = QVB sin 90 = 1.6 10 19 4.0 10 5 0.50 = 3.2 10 14 N If the electron is replaced by a proton, keeping everything else the same, compare the magnitude of the force on the electron, to the magnetic force on the proton [1/0] i) remains the same. ii) decreases. iii) increases. iv) decreases first, reaches to an equilibrium and then rises. v) None. It is: _____________ Suggested solution: Answer: Alternative i: F = 1.92 10 16 N If the electron is replaced by a proton, due to the fact that the r r r magnetic force F = Q v B is only function of the charge and independent from the mass, the magnitude of the magnetic force will remain the same, while its direction will be reversed. The force on the proton will be out of the page and toward the r r r reader. F = Q v B F = QVB sin 90 = 1.6 10 19 4.0 10 5 0.50 = 3.2 10 14 N

d)

3.

+ + + + + + + + + + + + In the figure below an electron is projected into the region between two parallel charged plates which are 2.0 mm apart. The potential difference between the plates is 300. V . Data: d = 2.0 mm = 2.0 10 3 m , V = 300. V a) Draw the electric filed lines as clear as possible on the figure.

[1/0]

Suggested answer: The electric field is uniform in the region between the plate. Its direction is from positive to negative, as illustrated in the figure.

+ + + + + + + + + + + +

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Suggested solution FyBCh16-19-20NVC07 Electricity and Magnetic Field

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b)

What is the magnitude of the electric field? [1/0] i) 150. kV / m ii) 100. kV / m iii) 250 V / m 2 iv) 100 . V / m Suggested solution: Answer: Alternative i: E = 150 kV / m 3 Data: d = 5.0 mm = 5.0 10 m , V = 500 . V V 300 . V V = Ed E = E = = 150 10 +3 V / m = 150 kV / m 3 d 2.0 10 m The magnitude of the electric force on the electron is: [1/0] 14 i) 1.6 10 . N ii) 1.6 10 19. N iii) 2.4 10 14. N iv) 4.0 10 16. N Suggested solution: Answer: Alternative iii: 2.4 10 14. N Data: d = 5.0 mm = 5.0 10 3 m , V = 500 . V , E = 100 kV / m r r r F = Q E = eE F = 1.6 10 19 150 10 3 = 2.4 10 14 N

c)

4.

A straight wire carrying a 20.0 A current has a length 10.0 cm between the poles of a magnet at an angle 60 as illustrated in the figure below. The magnetic field is fairly uniform at 2.00 T . Calculate the magnitude and 20 .0 A direction of the force on the wire. [3/0] Suggested solution: 2.00 T Data: I = 20.0 A , l = 15 cm = 0.15 m , = 60 , B = 2.0 T Problem: F = ? r r r F = I l B F = IlB sin [1/0] 60 F = 20 0.10 2 sin 60 = 3.46 N [1/0] Answer: The total force on the wire is F = 3.46 N out of the page of the paper. [1/0] A parallel capacitor has an area of 4.00 cm 2 and a plate separation of 1.00 mm . Its capacitance is: [1/0] a. 8.85 F b. 35.4 pF c. 3.54 pF d. None. It is: Suggested Solutions: Answer: Alternative c: C = 3.54 pF

5.

A 4 10 4 12 C = 0 = 8.85 10 = 3.54 10 12 F = 3.54 pF 3 d 110

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Suggested solution FyBCh16-19-20NVC07 Electricity and Magnetic Field

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6.

An RC circuit has a resistor of resistance 25.0 k and a capacitor of capacitance 4.00 F . The capacitor is charged initially to 12.0 V . a. Find the time constant of the circuit. [1/0] b. What is the potential difference between two terminals of the capacitor one second after the capacitor and resistors are connected to each other. [2/0] How long does it take the capacitor to c. discharge to 1% of its initial voltage? [0/2] Suggested Solutions: Data R = 25 .0 k = 25 .0 10 3 , C = 4.00 F = 4.00 10 6 F , Problem: t = ? if V (t ) = 0.10V0

25 .0 k

4.00 F

V = V0 e V = V0 e

t RC 1 0.1

; = RC

= (25.0 10 3 )(4.00 10 6 F ) = 0.10 s = 0.1 s

[2]

[1]

= 12 e 10 = 4.5 10 5 V
t 0.1 s

V = 4.5 10 5 V

0.01V0 = V0 e 0.01 = e 10t [0/1] / / Taking the natural logarithm of both sides, and using ln e = 1 leads to: ln (0.01) = 10 t ln(0.01) t= = 0.4605 s [0/1] Answer: t 461 ms 10

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Suggested solution FyBCh16-19-20NVC07 Electricity and Magnetic Field

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7.

The two wires of a 2.0 m long appliance cord are 4.0 mm apart and carry a current of 3.0 A dc. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the force between the wires. [2/0] Suggested solution: Data: I 1 = I 2 = 3.0 A , l = 2.0 m , r = 4.0 mm = 4.0 10 3 m ,

0 = 4 10 7 T m / A Problem: F = ? 3 .0 A Answer: The wires repel each other with the repulsive force of F21 = F12 = 1.0 10 4 N = 90 mN . 0 I1 0 I 2 .0 m B = B1 = 2 r 2 r
r r r F = I l B r r r F = I l B 2 1 21

4.0 mm 3 .0 A

F21 = F12 = 1.0 10 4 N = 90 mN

0 I1 2 r F21 F21 0 I1 I 2 [1] repulsive = = l l 2 r Due to the fact that the currents are in the opposite directions they repel each other. // (3.0 )2 2 = 9.0 10 4 N 4 10 7 / F21 = F12 = / 2 4.0 10 3 / Answer: The wires repel each other with a repulsive force whose magnitude is F21 = F12 = 9.0 10 4 N = 0.09 mN .
F21 = I 2 l

Second method: The magnetic field of the first wire at the other one: I // 4 10 7 3 .0 = 1.5 10 4 T = 150 T B1 = 0 1 B1 = 3 / 2 4.0 10 2 r / r r r F21 = I 2 l B1 F21 = 3.0 2.0 1.5 10 4 = 9.0 10 4 N = 0.90 mN [1] Answer: The wires repel each other with a repulsive force whose magnitude is F21 = F12 = 9.0 10 4 N = 0.09 mN .

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Suggested solution FyBCh16-19-20NVC07 Electricity and Magnetic Field

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8.

A long horizontal wire carries a current 50.0 A . A second wire made of 20.0 mm diameter copper wire and parallel to the first but 25.0 cm below it, is held in suspension magnetically, as illustrated in the figure below. a) Find the magnitude and direction of the current in the lower wire. [1/3] Is the lower wire in stable equilibrium? Why? Explain. [1/1] b)
Suggested solutions: Answer: The current in the lower copper wire is I 2 = 691 kA in the same direction as the current above, i.e. I1 = 50.0 A . The equilibrium is unstable. Data: I1 = 50.0 A , d = 20.0 mm = 0.020 m r = 0.010 m ; D = 25.0 cm = 0.250 m ; 0 = 4 10 7 T m / A

10 3 Kg / g g / cm 3 = 8.96 103 kg / m 3 6 3 3 10 m / cm Problem: I 2 = ? direction, stable? The lower wire is in suspension. This means the total force on it must be zero. Therefore, the magnetic force due to the upper wire is upward as illustrated in the figure below. Therefore, the current in the suspended wire, I 2 , must be in the same direction as the current in the upper wire. [0/1] Fup = I 2 B1 mg mg mg l I 2 B1 = I2 = [0/1] I2 = l l B1 l B1 Fdown = mg l l I1 = 50.0 A

Cu = 8.96 g / cm3 = 8.96

D = 0.250 m

F = I 2 B1 l
mg l

r = 0.010 m

Cu = 8.96 10 3 kg / m 3

I2 = ?

Assuming that the cupper wire is a cylinder of length l and circular cross section of radius The weight of the lower wire r = 0.010 m , we may calculate its mass per unit length as: / mg mg Cu r 2 l = = Cu r 2 = Cu r 2 l l l /

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Suggested solution FyBCh16-19-20NVC07 Electricity and Magnetic Field

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The magnetic field due to the current I1 = 50.0 A at distance D = 0.250 m below it is out of the page and toward the reader of these I words. Its magnitude is: B = 0 1 2 D I1 mg mg = Cu r 2 in I 2 = Substitute B = 0 , and : 2 D l l B1
2 2 r 2 D Cu g r 2 g 2 D mg [0/1] I 2 = = Cu r 2 g = Cu I 0 I1 l B1 0 I1 0 1 2 D 2 2 2 / 2 r D Cu g 2 2 (10 2 ) (0.25 ) (8.96 10 3 ) (9.82 ) I2 = = = 6.91 10 5 A = 691 kA 7 0 I1 (4 10 ) (50.0) /

I2 =

Answer: The current in the lower copper wire is I 2 = 691 kA in the same direction as the current above, i.e. I1 = 50.0 A . [1/0] The equilibrium is unstable. This is due to the fact that: if we increase the separation distance D , i.e. if we move the lower copper wire away from the upper one, the magnetic field I1 B = 0 decreases, resulting in the decrease in the 2 D attractive upward magnetic force. But due to the fact that the mass of the wire is unaltered, the resultant force is downward. Therefore the lower wire falls down with an increasing acceleration. [1/0] On the other hand, if we decrease the separation distance D , i.e. if we move the lower copper wire closer to the upper one, the magnetic field I1 B = 0 increases, resulting in the increase in the 2 D attractive upward magnetic force. But due to the fact that the mass of the wire is unaltered, the resultant force is upward. Therefore the lower wire will be attracted to the upper wire. It moves up with an increasing acceleration. [0/1]

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Suggested solution FyBCh16-19-20NVC07 Electricity and Magnetic Field

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9.

A 6.00 kg cooper rod rests on two horizontal rails 2.00 m apart and carries a current of 40.0 A from one rail to the other. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the rod and rails is 0.100 . If the external magnetic field is NORTH normal to the plane of the two horizontal rails and the copper rod, find the magnitude of the magnetic EAST field that accelerates the rod at the WEST 2 [2/2] rate of 2.50 m / s ? Suggested Solutions: m = 6.00 kg , l = 2.00 m , I = 40.0 A , k = 0.100 ,
a = 2.50 m / s 2 F f = k FN = k mg
SOUGHT

r mg Ff = 2

[1/0]

If the magnetic field is perpendicular to the planes of the rails: r r r FB = I l B FB = IlB r r F = ma [0/1]

r r r F = Il B

r mg Ff = 2

If the direction of the acceleration is taken to be positive: ma + mg IlB mg = ma IlB = ma + mg B = Il

B= ma + mg 6 .00 2 .50 + 0 .100 6 .00 9.82 20 .89 = 0.261 T = Il 40 .0 2.00 80

[0/1] [1/0]

Answer: B 261 mT

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Suggested solution FyBCh16-19-20NVC07 Electricity and Magnetic Field

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In assessing your work with the following problems your teacher will pay extra attentio to: How well you plan and carry out the task. Which priciples of physics you use and how you justify using them How general your solutions are How well you justify your conclusions How well you cary out your calculations How well you present your work How well you use physical and matematical language. How clear your solutions are.

10. Two capacitors C1 and C 2 are charged to the same initial potential difference V0 . The charged capacitors are disconnected from C1 the source, and then connected to each _ other with reverse polarity as illustrated in + the figure below. C1 is larger than C 2 . a) Find the final potential difference Vba across the capacitors. [0/2/] The energy stored in a capacitor C charged to the potential V is 1 given by U = CV 2 . Find the 2 ratio of the final to initial energy stored in the capacitors. [0/4/]

b)

_
C2

Suggested Solutions: Initially the charge on the capacitor C1 is: Q1 = C1 V0 Similarly the charge on the capacitor C 2 is Q2 = C 2 V0 . Since the capacitors are connected to each other with the reverse polarity, the total final charge shared by both capacitors is Q = Q1 Q2 = C1 V0 C 2 V0 = (C1 C2 ) V0 [0/1] The two capacitors The potential difference C1 and C 2 are now connected to each other in parallel, the potential difference across each capacitor is the same, and the equivalent capacitance of the system is C = C1 + C 2 .

Q (C1 C2 ) V0 C1 C2 = = C + C V0 C C1 + C2 2 1 The initial energy stored in the system is 1 1 1 U i = C1V02 + C 2V02 = (C1 + C 2 )V02 2 2 2 Vba =

[0/1/]

[0/1]

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Suggested solution FyBCh16-19-20NVC07 Electricity and Magnetic Field

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The final energy stored in the system is

C C2 1 1 1 1 2 U f = C1V 2 + C 2V 2 = (C1 + C 2 )V 2 = (C1 + C 2 ) 1 C + C V0 2 2 2 2 2 1

Therefore:
2

[0/1]

1 (C1 + C2 ) C1 C2 V0 2 2 C +C Uf 2 C1 C 2 2 1 [0/2/] = = C +C 1 Ui 2 2 1 (C1 + C2 )V0 2 2 U f C1 C 2 = Answer: U i C1 + C 2 The missing energy is partially the energy converted to heat in the system, and partially the energy which is radiated out as electromagnetic radiation.

11. An alpha particle moving in the plane of the page has kinetic energy of 10.0 Mev . It enters a region of uniform magnetic field 1.00 T (out of page as illustrated in the figure below) at an angle 30 to the linear boundary of the field. a) Complete the figure drawing the path Q of the alpha particle. Explain conceptually using the basic physics m governing the process the events taking place in the region of the magnetic field. Derive the necessary formulas describing the path of a B particle of mass m , and positive charge Q entering a region of r uniform magnetic field B at velocity r v at an angle to the linear boundary of the magnetic field, as illustrated in the figure. [2/2/] b) Find y , the distance from the point of entry to where the alpha particle will leave the magnetic field. [0/4/] [2/0]

c) Find the angle at which the alpha particle leaves the magnetic field. Note that alpha particle is the nucleus of He atom with m = 4.00260 u , where

u = 1.6605 10 27 kg , is the atomic unit, and charge of Q = 2e where e = 1.6 10 19 C . 1.0 ev = 1.6 10 19 J . Suggested Solutions: r Due to the magnetic field B , a particle of mass m , and charge Q that r r r r is moving at velocity v experiences a magnetic force F = Q v B . This force is a centripetal force which lies in the plane of the paper and is

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Suggested solution FyBCh16-19-20NVC07 Electricity and Magnetic Field

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perpendicular at all times to the direction of the velocity of the particle, as well as the direction of the magnetic field. The radius of r the path of the particle in the region of B may be determined using F = Q v B [0/1] v2 F = m r / 2 v m = Qv B [1/0] / r r Multiply both sides of the equation by QB mv r v r m = QB [0/1] r= QB r QB QB mv The particle will move in a circular path of radius r = in the QB magnetic field region and due to the symmetry of the problem, it will leave the region at the same angle to the linear boundary of the field at y = 2 r cos = 2 r cos(180 (90 + )) = 2 r cos(90 ) = 2 r sin below [1/0/] its entry point as illustrated in the figure below:

m
r=
y = 2 r cos

mv QB

We may calculate the speed at which the alpha particle enters the magnetic field region: 1 m v 2 = 10.0 Mev = 10.0 10 6 1.6 10 19 J 2

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Suggested solution FyBCh16-19-20NVC07 Electricity and Magnetic Field

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v=

3.2 10 12 J m

[0/1]

m = 4.00260 u = 4.00260 1.6605 10 27 kg m = 6.6463173 10 27 kg

v=

3.2 10 12 J 6.6463173 10 27 kg

[0/1]

v = 2.194241647 10 7 m / s 2.19 m / s mv r= QB r=
27 19

(6.6463173 10 kg ) (2.194241647 10 (3.2 10 C ) (1.00 T )

m/s

) 0.456

[0/1]

y = 2 r sin = 2 0.4557383 sin 30 0.456 m [0/1/] Answer: The alpha particle will exit the magnetic field region at v = 2.19 10 7 m / s 2.19 m / s at 30 to the boundary of the magnetic field at y = 0.456 m below its entry point. [2/0] Note that relativistic effect is ignored. Through

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