National Test in Mathematics Course C SPRING 2002 (Syllabus 2000)

Suggested Solutions
NpMaC Spring 2002
NV-College, Sjdalsgymnasiet
Concerning test material in general, the Swedish Board of Education refers to the Official Secrets Act, the regulation about secrecy, 4th chapter 3rd paragraph. For this material, the secrecy is valid until the expiration of June 2002.
NATIONAL TEST IN MATHEMATICS COURSE C SPRING 2002 (Syllabus 2000)

Directions Test time 240 minutes for Part I and Part II together. We recommend that you spend no more than 60 minutes on Part I. Resources Part I: Formulas for the National Test in Mathematics Courses C, D and E. Please note calculators are not allowed in this part. Part II: Calculators, and Formulas for the National Test in Mathematics Courses C, D and E. Test material The test material should be handed in together with your solutions. Write your name, the name of your education programme / adult education on all sheets of paper you hand in. Solutions to Part I should be handed in before you retrieve your calculator. You should therefore present your work on Part I on a separate sheet of paper. Please note that you may start your work on Part II without a calculator. The test The test consists of a total of 15 problems. Part I consists of 6 problems and Part II consists of 9 problems. To some problems (where it says Only answer is required) it is enough to give short answers. For the other problems short answers are not enough. They require that you write down what you do, that you explain your train of thought, that you, when necessary, draw figures. When you solve problems graphically/numerically please indicate how you have used your resources. Problem 15 is a larger problem which may take up to an hour to solve completely. It is important that you try to solve this problem. A description of what your teacher will consider when evaluating your work, is attached to the problem. Try all of the problems. It can be relatively easy, even towards the end of the test, to receive some points for partial solutions. A positive evaluation can be given even for unfinished solutions. Score and mark levels The maximum score is 42 points. The maximum number of points you can receive for each solution is indicated after each problem. If a problem can give 2 Pass-points and 1 Pass with distinction-point this is written (2/1). Some problems are marked with , which means that they more than other problems offer opportunities to show knowledge that can be related to the criteria for Pass with Special Distinction in Assessment Criteria 2000. Lower limit for the mark on the test Pass: 12 points Pass with distinction: 24 points of which at least 6 Pass with distinction points. Pass with special distinction: The requirements for Pass with distinction must be well satisfied. Your teacher will also consider how well you solve the -problems. Education programme/adult education:
Name: School:
Note that you have to try to solve the problems yourself before checking your solutions against mine. My solutions are just suggested ones. Usually there are more than one methods of solving a given problem. Warning: Just reading the solutions can never replace your own struggle in solving a given problem. By just reading the solutions you may not be able to understand the physics of the problem deep enough and therefore, it will not help you to solve the problem by yourself. Have Fun! Behzad
behzad.massoumzadeh@huddinge.se Not for sale. Free to use for educational purposes. 1/16
Suggested Solutions
NpMaC Spring 2002
Part I
This part consists of 6 problems that should be solved without the aid of a calculator. Your solutions to the problems in this part should be presented on separate sheets of paper that must be handed in before you retrieve your calculator. Please note that you may begin working on Part II without the aid of a calculator.
1.
Differentiate the following. a. y = 2 x 3 5
Only answer is required Only answer is required
(1/0) (1/0)
b. y = e 4 x Suggested solutions: y = 2x3 5 a. Answer: y = 6x 2 b.
[1/0]
y = e4 x
Answer: y = 4e 4 x [1/0]
The function y = x 2 4 x + 8 has a minimum point. By using the derivative, find the x-coordinate for this point. Suggested solutions: y = x 2 4x + 8 y = 2 x 4 y = 0 2 x 4 = 0 4 x= =2 2 Answer: The x-coordinate of the functions minimum point is : x = 2 2. 3.
(2/0)
In January 2001, Karin deposited 3000 crowns into a savings account. The interest on the account is 4 %. Karin continues to deposit 3000 crowns into the account in January each year. Which of the following describes how much money will be available in the account directly after her deposit in year 2010 if no withdrawals are made? (1/0)
3000(1.04 9 1) A) 1.04 1 D) 3000 1.04

10
B) 30001.04
3000(1.0411 1) C) 1.04 1
E) 3000 1.04
11
3000(1.0410 1) F) 1.04 1
Suggested solutions:
3000 1.0410 1 1.04 1 3000 1.0410 1 Answer: Alternative F, i.e. Geometric sum S10 = 1.04 1 S10 = 3000 + 3000 1.04 + 3000 1.04 2 + ... + 3000 1.049 =
behzad.massoumzadeh@huddinge.se Not for sale. Free to use for educational purposes.
2/16
Suggested Solutions
NpMaC Spring 2002
4.
Which of the following values is the closest approximation to lg80? A) 0.8 B) 0.9 C) 1.9 D) 2.9 E) 8.0 F) 800 (1/0)
Only answer is required

Suggested solutions: Answer: Alternative C log 80 = log(8 10 ) = log 10 + log 8 = 1 + log 8 1 < log 80 < 2
5.
Find the minimum value for the function f ( x) =
x4 + x3 4
(0/3)
Suggested solutions: Answer: f (3) =
27 4
x4 f ( x) = + x3 4 x3 / f ( x) = 4 + 3x 2 = x 3 + 3x 2 / 4 2 f ( x) = 3 x + 6 x Minimum f ( x) = 0 f ( x) = x 3 + 3x 2 = 0
x = 0 x 2 ( x + 3) = 0 2 [0/1] x1 = 3 f (0) = 0 deflection point (terrace) deflection point (terrace) f (3) = 3(3) 2 + 6(3) = 27 18 = 9 > 0 minimum [0/1] f (3) = (3) 4 81 27 + (3) 3 = 27 = 4 4 4
[0/1] Answer: f (3) =
27 4
Alternative method:
x
f ( x) = x + 3x
3 2
4 -
x1 = 3 0
1 +
x2 = 0 0
1 +
f ( x) =
x4 + x3 4
2
f ( x) = 3 x + 6 x
Minimum +
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Suggested Solutions
NpMaC Spring 2002
6.
a) b)
Explain with the help of a graph, why the derivative of a constant function is zero. (0/1) Explain with the help of the definition of a derivative, why the derivative of a constant function is zero. (0/2/)
Suggested solutions: a) Due to the fact that a constant does not change, its derivative which is a measure of the change of the function is zero. The graph of a constant function like y = A is a line parallel to the x-axis which has a y-intercept, y = A . Slope of such a line is always zero. The figure below is an illustration of y = 5 . [0/1]
y=5
5 4 3 2 1 0 -2
b)
0
f (a ) = l im
10
f (a + h ) f (a ) h0 h A A y (a ) = l im =0 h0 h
Due to the fact that the function is a constant, i.e. it is not a function of a variable, f (a + h ) = f (a ) . This is true for any given h . [0/1]
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Suggested Solutions
NpMaC Spring 2002
Del II
This part consists of 9 problems and you may use a calculator when solving them. Please note that you may begin working on Part II without a calculator.
7.
The figure shows Kajsa Bergqvists outdoor high-jump results from 1988 to 2000.
What is the average rate of change for her results from 1988 to 2000?
Suggested solutions: Answer:
(1/0)
h h2 h1 2.01 1.38 = = m / s = 0.053 m / y = 5.3 cm / y t t 2 t1 2000 1988
h = 5.3 cm / y t
[1/0] Answer:
h = 5.3 cm / y t
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Suggested Solutions
NpMaC Spring 2002
8.
The following equation is given
10 000 x 7 = 16 000
a) Formulate a question that is about a realistic situation and may be answered by solving this equation. (1/0) Solve the equation and give the answer to the question that you formulated. (2/0)
b)
Suggested solutions: Answer: x 1.07 a) January 1995, 100 share of a utility stock was 10 000 . Seven years later, January 2002 100 shares of the same stocks was 16 000 . Assuming a constant rate of increase in the value of the stocks, calculate the yearly percentage increase in the value of these stocks. [1/0]
b)
10 000 x 7 = 16 000 10 x 7 = 16
x 7 = 1.6
x = 1.6 = 1.069
1 7
[1/0]
Answer: x 1.07
Answer: The average annual rate of increase in the value of the utility stocks was 6.9% during 1995-2002. [1/0]
9.
Develop and simplify the following expression as far as possible ( x + 1)3 + ( x 2) 2
(2/0)
[1/0] [1/0]
Suggested solutions: Answer: ( x + 1) 3 + ( x 2) 2 = x 3 + 4 x 2 x + 5
( x + 1) 3 + ( x 2) 2 = x 3 + 3x 2 + 3 x + 1 + x 2 4 x + 4 = x 3 + 4 x 2 x + 5
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Suggested Solutions
NpMaC Spring 2002
10.
(4 + h) 2 4 2 Anders, Bodil and Carina were asked to simplify the expression h

Anders did it this way: ( 4 + h ) 2 4 2 16 + h 2 16 h 2 = = =h h h h Bodil did it this way: ( 4 + h ) 2 4 2 16 + 8h + h 2 16 8h + h 2 = = =8+h h h h Carina did it this way: (4 + h) 2 4 2 16 + 8h + h 2 16 8h + h 2 = = = 8h + h = 9 h h h h Not everyone has done it correctly.
Which mistakes were made in those calculations, if any? Why? Motivate your answer. (2/1) Suggested solutions:
Only Bodils calculation is completely correct:
(4 + h ) 2 4 2 16 + 8h + h 2 16 8h + h 2 = = =8+h h h h
In his calculations Anders forgot the middle term in the expansion of (4 + h) 2 = 16 + 8h + h 2 and instead wrote (4 + h) 2 = 16 + h 2 . This is a common error for the beginners. [1/0] 2 8h + h On the other hand Carinas calculations were correct up to . Carina h made a mistake in the next step regarding the simplification of the 8h + h 2 =8+h expression. Instead of dividing everything by h , and obtaining h 8h + h 2 = 8h + h . she just divided the second term by h and got [1/0] h
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Suggested Solutions
NpMaC Spring 2002
11.
A patient with heart problem has received artificial cardiac valves via an operation. When the cardiac valves are closing, the pressure in the carotid artery can be described by the following model
P = 95 e 0.65t
where P is the pressure in units mm - Hg and t is the time in seconds from when the cardiac valves begin to close. a) b) c) Calculate the pressure after 0.2 seconds. Find P(0.1) What does P (0.1) tell you about the pressure in the carotid artery? Only answer is required (1/0) (1/0) (0/1)
According to the manufacturer it should take at most 0.5 seconds for the artificial valves to close. When the valves is closed the pressure dropps to 70 mm - Hg . d) How long does it take for the valves to close for this patient?
[1/0]
0.65(0.2 )
(2/0)
Suggested solutions: a) Answer: P (0.2 ) 83 mm Hg
P(t ) = 95 e
0.65t
P(0.2) = 95 e
= 95 e
0.130
= 83.419 mm Hg
[1/0]
b)
Answer: P (0.1) 58 mm Hg / s
0.65t
c)
d)
P(t ) = 95 e mm Hg P(t ) = 95 ( 0.65)e 0.65t mm Hg / s P(t ) = 61.75e 0.65t mm Hg / s P(0.1) = 61.75e 0.65(0.1) mm Hg / s P (0.1) = 57.864 mm Hg / s P (0.1) 58 mm Hg / s Answer: 0.1 second after closing of the cardiac valves, the pressure in the carotid artery decreases at the rate of P (0.1) 58 mm Hg / s . [1/0] Answer: P (0.1) 58 mm Hg / s [1/0] P = 95 e 0.65t = 70 mm - Hg 70 e 0.65t = mm - Hg e 0.65t = 0.737 95 [1/0] Take the neperian logarithm of both sides: ln e 0.65t = ln(0.737 ) . 0.305 = 0.47 s 0.47 s 0.65 t = 0.305 t = 0.65 Answer: It take t 0.47 s for the valves to close for this patient.[1/0]
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Suggested Solutions
NpMaC Spring 2002
12.
In the following coordinate system the graph for the function f ( x) = x 2.5 has been drawn. Find f (0.6) in two different ways..
(2/1)
Suggested solutions: First method: Answer: f (0.6) 1 f (0.6) 1.2
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Suggested Solutions
NpMaC Spring 2002
13.
In 1960 there were approximately 20 000 grey seals in the Baltic Sea. Due to the high levels of environmental pollutants, the number of seals then decreased dramatically. The decrease was exponential and in 1980 there were only 2 000 grey seals left. a) What was the average yearly percent decrease of the number of grey seals between 1960 and 1980? (0/2)
The seal population has partially recovered since 1980. Today there are approximately 12 000 grey seals in the Baltic Sea. According to a prognosis from the Environmental Protection Agency, the number of grey seals will increase exponentially at a rate of 6.5 % per year for the next few years. In what year will the number of grey seals again reach 20 000 if the prognosis holds true? (0/2) Suggested Solution:
a) Answer: The average yearly percent decrease of the number of grey seals between 1960 and 1980 was 11%
1
b)
2000 = 20000 x 20 0.10 = x 20 x = 0.10 20 = 0.891 yearly decrease = 1 0.891 = 0.109 = 10.9% 11%
[0/1] [0/1]
b) Answer: Year 2010 number of grey seals again will reach 20 000 if the prognosis holds rue. [0/1] 20000 5 5 5 20000 = 12000 1.065t 1.065t = = 1.065t = log(1.065t ) = log( ) 12000 3 3 3 5 log( ) 5 3 = 8.112 8 year year 2002 + 8 = 2010 t log(1.065) = log( ) t = 3 log(1.065) [0/1]
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Suggested Solutions
NpMaC Spring 2002
14.
The function f (x) fulfils the following two conditions
f (2) = 5 1 f ( x ) 2
Which values can f (10) take?
Solution: Answer: 3 f (10) 21. Data: f (2) = 5 and 1 f ( x ) 2 The lower limit of the slope is f (x) = 1 . k = 1 The straight line of the slope k = 1 that passes the point (2, 5) f (2 ) = 5 may be written as y = x + m 5 = 2 + m m = 5 + 2 = 7 y = x + 7 . The upper limit of the slope is f (x) = 2 . k = 2 The straight line of the slope k = 2 that passes the point (2, 5) f (2 ) = 5 may be written as y = 2 x + m 5 = 4 + m m = 5 4 = 1 y = 2 x + 2 . The function must pass x = 2 and its value at the point must be f (2) = 5 . On the other hand the restriction 1 f ( x ) 2 limits the choices we may have on the function. As illustrated in the figure below f (x) may be any function that lie in the cone made of f ( x) = 2 x + 1 25 (which provides the upper 20 limit on the slope of the f ( x) = 2 x + 1 tangent to the curve, i.e. 15 f (x) 2 ) and f ( x) = x + 7 10 (which provides the lower 5 limit on the slope of the tangent to the curve, i.e. 0 f ( x) = x + 7 1 f (x) .)
f(x) -5
(0/2)
f ( x) = 2 x + 1 f (10) = 2(10) + 1 = 20 + 1 = 21 f ( x) = x + 7 f (10) = 10 + 7 = 3
-2
4 x
10
12
Behzad
[0/1]
Therefore, according to the calculation above: 3 f (10) 21. [0/1] Answer: 3 f (10) 21.
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Suggested Solutions
NpMaC Spring 2002
When assessing your work with problem 15 the teacher will consider the following: How well you argue your conclusions How well you use mathematical vocabulary and symbols How well you carry out your calculations How well you draw figures as well as how well you account for and comment on your work 15.
The following question involves five different glass vases. All of the vases are 20 cm tall and hold 5.6 dl. One cylindrical glass vase is filled with water similar to the figure below. The height of the water surface h cm over the vases bottom is a function of the volume of water x dl that has run down into the vas
Choose two values for volume x and read from the figure the corresponding values for the height of the water surface h . h Calculate the rate of change quotient for the read values. x Explain with words what this rate of change quotient means.
Suggested solutions: Lets denote the base area by A cm . Therefore, the volume of the water at any moment, x dl as a function of the height of the water in the vase may be written as: For h = 7 cm the volume is x = 2 dl . For h = 14 cm the volume is x = 4 dl . h h 14 7 cm = 3.5 10 2 cm / dl Answer: = = 3.5 10 2 cm / dl x x 4 2 dl This means that the height of the water in the vase increases at a constant rate 3.5 cm per one decilitre increase in its.
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Suggested Solutions
NpMaC Spring 2002
In the figures below you can see how water is filled into three other glass vases. The height of the water surface h cm is a function of the volume of water x dl which has run down into a vase.
Here are four graphs that have been drawn. They show the graphs to the derivative h(x) for each one of the glass vases from the two previous pages.
Pair together the graphs A, B, C and D with corresponding vases 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Motivate for each pair why the vase belongs together with the graph.
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Suggested Solutions
NpMaC Spring 2002
Suggested solutions: Graph A corresponds to the vase 3. In this case, at the beginning the radius of the cross section of the spherical ball is small and therefore the height of water increases fast, but this rate drops rather quickly. The drop in the rate of change of the height is very gradual until the spherical ball is half filled. Then the process is reversed and the rate of change of the height first increases gradually and then finally as the cylindrical neck of the figure is approached, it increases very rapidly. Graph B corresponds to the vase 1. The volume of cylinder of base area A and height h(x ) is x x = A h( x ) . Therefore, h( x ) = A Due to the fact that the base area of a cylinder is constant: dh( x ) 1 h( x ) = = = constant dx A Graph C corresponds to the vase 4. In this case, the first part of the vase 4 is a cylinder and the case is similar to the graph B and vase 1. but towards the top of the cylinder the radius of vase increases gradually and therefore the rate of change of the height of the water decreases gradually. Graph D corresponds to the vase 2. In this case the situation is reversed. i.e. initially the height of water increases slowly, but this rate increases more and more because the radius of the cross section of the vase 2 decreases, and therefore the same amount of water will fill a larger height. Towards the end, in the neck of the vase, the figure is cylindrical of a constant and small value.
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Suggested Solutions
NpMaC Spring 2002
In the figure below, the graph for the derivative h(x) is shown for a fifth glass vase. Draw a sketch of what this vase could look like. Motivate why the vase can look like that.
(3/4) Suggested solutions: The vase 5 may look as in the figure below. The increase in the height of water in the vase 4 .8 lit drops rapidly between the region 0 1 lit . This trend continues but much softer and gradual until the point 4 lit . This is due to 4 lit the fact that radius of the cross section of the vase increases gradually, and therefore, the 1 lit rate of change of the height 0 decreases steadily. This trend changes very rapidly at the point 4 lit where the long neck of the vase starts. In this region the radius of the cross section of the neck of the vase decreases very rapidly that results in a very rapid increase in the rate of change of the height of the water. The trend stops and reverses its direction very rapidly at 4.8 lit .
Kvalitativa niver Metodval och genomfrande Matematiska resonemang Redovisning och matematiskt sprk Summa
Pong
Motiveringar
15/16
Suggested Solutions
NpMaC Spring 2002
15.
Max (3/4/)
Uppgiften ska bedmas med s.k. aspektbedmning. Bedmningsanvisningarna till denna uppgift innehller tv delar:
Frst beskrivs i en tabell olika kvalitativa niver fr tre olika aspekter p kunskap som lraren ska ta hnsyn till vid bedmningen av elevens arbete. Drefter ges exempel p bedmda elevlsningar med kommentarer och pongsttning.
TotalHgre pong Eleven gr en godtagbar Eleven gr en godtagbar berkning av en ndberkning av en ndringskvot ringskvot och frklarar och vad den betyder frklarar vad den betyder och (t.ex. vattennivns ndring parar ihop samtliga fyra i frhllande till vaser med respektive volymndringen eller grafer vattenytan stiger med 3,5 (1B, 2D, 3A, 4C) cm per dl) och och ritar en skiss av den parar ihop tv vaser med oknda vasen som i sina respektive grafer. huvuddrag stmmer ihop med grafen
Bedmningen avser Kvalitativa niver Lgre Eleven gr en godtagbar Metodval och berkning av en ndgenomfrande I vilken grad eleven ringskvot kan tolka en problemsituation och h 3,5 cm/dl ) ( lsa olika typer av x problem. Hur fullstndig och hur vl eleven anvnder metoder och tillvgagngsstt som r lmpliga fr att lsa problemet.
Matematiska resonemang Frekomst och kvalitet hos vrdering, analys, reflektion, bevis och andra former av matematiska resonemang.
1/0 Eleven motiverar varfr minst tv av de fyra knda vaserna och/eller den oknda vasen hr ihop med respektive graf. Resonemangen bygger mestadels p antingen vasernas eller grafernas utseende, och innehller beskrivningar av relevanta egenskaper hos t.ex. vaserna (t.ex. svar: 1 och B hr ihop fr att vasen r likadan hela vgen).
1/1 Redovisning och matematiskt sprk Hur klar, tydlig och fullstndig elevens redovisning r och hur vl eleven anvnder matematiska termer, symboler och konventioner. 1/0 1/1 1/1 Summa 3/4 Elevens resonemang fr vilka vaser och grafer som hr ihop samt fr val av skiss r hllbart och tydligt logiskt uppbyggt. Resonemangen innehller frklaringar av hur bde grafernas och vasernas utseende styrker att de hr ihop. (t.ex. Eftersom derivatan r samma hela tiden kan inte vasen ndra form och vas 1 r lika hela vgen upp). Det matematiska sprket anvnds korrekt och lmpligt.
1/2 1/1 Eleven motiverar varfr de fyra knda vaserna och/eller den oknda vasen hr ihop med respektive graf. Resonemangen bygger mestadels p antingen grafernas eller vasernas utseende, som relateras till en ndringskvot eller derivata. Det framgr ocks nr resonemanget rr graf respektive vas (t.ex. graf C hr till vas 4, eftersom vas 4 har form som frst ger ganska hastig ythjning fr att sedan vidga sig och ge lgre ythjning/dl). 1/0 1/1 Redovisningen r mjlig att flja och Redovisningen r ltt att flja och frst. frst. Detta ven om det matematiska Det matematiska sprket anvnds ibland sprket anvnds olmpligt eller felaktigt. olmpligt men inte p ett sdant stt att Eleven undviker ibland matematiska framstllningen blir svr att frst. termer som kunnat gra framstllningen Termer som ndringskvot och derivata tydligare. Beskrivningar och frklaringar anvnds nr de kan ka tydligheten i kan ocks vara ostrukturerade och redovisningen. Beskrivningar och otydliga. frklaringar r strukturerade och tydliga.
1/2
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National Test in Mathematics Course C SPRING 2002 (Syllabus 2000)

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