Backup of Phyfor - Ujjval

INVICTUS EDUCATION
Fundamental Booklet
Fundamentals
Important Formulae in Trigonometry Angle Measures: 1 Right Angle Triangle: 900 10 = 60 (60 minutes) 1 = 60 (60 seconds) X0 = (10/9) x grades 1800 = I radian = X degree = II. Definitions Hyp. Opp. Adj. and x radian= x grades = 1 Right Angle: 100 grades 1 grade = 100 (100 minutes)
III. Positive/ Negative values in different quadrants: ( ) II quadrant All +ve ( ) ( )
III quadrant
IV quadrant
( ) IV. sin, cos, tan, values of some important angles

00 sin cos tan 0 0 0 1 300 or 1/2 1/2 450 or 600 or 900 or 1 0 1200 or 1350 or 1500 or 1/2 1800 or 0
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INVICTUS EDUCATION
Fundamental Booklet
Fundamentals
Note: You can remember the values by the following trigonometric circle.
( ( ( ) ) ) (
90
( (
) ) ( )
0 0
180
( ) ( )
( (
) ) (
270
0,
( ( ) ( ) )
Fundamental formulae:
Expansions: ( ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) ) ( ( ( ( ) ) ) )
Converting product to sum: ( ( ( ( ) ) ( ( ) ) ) ) ( ( ) ) ( ( ) ) ( ( ) )
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INVICTUS EDUCATION
Fundamental Booklet
Fundamentals
Converting sum to products: 2A and 3A values: Some important trigonometric relations in a triangle:
C b A a R a
= =
( (
) )
( (
) )
= =
( (
) )
( (
) )
Some important triangles:
1
6
Rules of Exponent:
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INVICTUS EDUCATION
Fundamental Booklet
Fundamentals
Linear Equations: A linear equation has the general form:
Where and are constants. This equation referred to as being linear because versus graph is a straight line. The constant b called the , represents the value of at which the line intersect the . The constant is called the slope of the line and is also equal to the tangent of angle that the line makes with the . If any two points on the line are specified by the co-ordinates ( ) and( ), then the slope of the line can be expressed as
Note that and can have either positive or negative values. If > , the straight line has a slope. If < , the straight line has slope. In above figure both and are positive. Other three possible situations are shown.
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INVICTUS EDUCATION
Fundamental Booklet
Fundamentals
Solving simultaneous two linear equations:

If a problem has two unknowns, a unique solution is possible only if we have two equations. In general if a problem has n unknowns, its solution requires n no. of equation. Two linear equations containing two unknowns can also be solved by graphical method. If the straight lines corresponding to two equations are plotted in a conventional coordinate system, the intersection of two lines represents the solution.
Logaritms: Supppose a number is expressed as a power of some number a
The number a is called the base number. The logarithm of x with respect to the base a is equal to the exponent to which the base must be raised in order to satisfy the expression ;
Conversely, the antilogarithm of y is the number
In practice, the two bases most often used are base 10, called the common logarithm base, and base ..., called Eulers constant or the natural logarithm base. When common logarithms are used, : ( When natural logarithms are used, ( ) )
In general, note that you can convert between base 10 and base e with the equality:
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INVICTUS EDUCATION
Fundamental Booklet
Fundamentals
GEOMETRY: The distance d between two points having coordinates ( ) and ( ) is
Radian measure: The arc length s of a circular arc (Fig. B.4) is proportional to the radius r for a xed value of (in radians):
Useful information about geometry:
The equation of a straight line is Where b is the y-intercept and m is the slope of the line. The equation of a circle of radius R centred at the origin is
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INVICTUS EDUCATION
Fundamental Booklet
Fundamentals
The equation of an ellipse having the origin at its centre is
Where is the length of the semi-major axis (the longer one) and is the length of the semi-minor axis (the shorter one). The equation of a parabola the vertex of which is at is is
The equation of a rectangular hyperbola is
Important Formulae in Calculus DIFFERENTIATION: ( ( ) ( ( ) ) ) ( ( ( ( ) ) ) )
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INVICTUS EDUCATION
Fundamental Booklet
Fundamentals
( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( * * If )
( ( ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( * ( )+ * + ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) )
( )+ + ( ) and
( ) ( ), then (Parametric equation); provided ( )

Y
()
(Provided
Geometrical Meaning of the derivatives:

The derivative at a point P of a curve is the slope of the tangent to the curve at the point P. The slope of the path or curve at any point P is defined as the slope of the tangent at P = at P.
O
Tangent
Slope=
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INVICTUS EDUCATION
Fundamental Booklet
Fundamentals
If the tangent to the curve at a point is parallel to the axis of x (or perpendicular to the axis of Y), then If the tangent to the curve at a point is perpendicular to the axis Of x(or, parallel to the axis of y), then
|| O ||
Y
( )
()
= X
( )
O
()
I. II. III.
If If
> <
( (
)* )*
+ +
( ) > <
Then tangent at that point makes an acute angle with x-axis. Then tangent at that point makes an obtuse angle with x-axis. O For finding the maximum and minimum values of ( ) Y If c be a point in the interval in which the function f(x) is defined and If ( ) ( ) is negative, then ( ) is maximum at x=c If ( ) ( ) is positive, then ( ) is minimum at x=c ( ) If ( ) , then x=c is a point of inflection(i.e. there is neither maxima nor minima at x=c).
O
() ( ) > <
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INVICTUS EDUCATION
Fundamental Booklet
Fundamentals
Integration:
Page
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INVICTUS EDUCATION

III. Positive/ Negative values in different quadrants: ( ) II quadrant All +ve ( ) ( )

( ) IV. sin, cos, tan, values of some important angles

Converting product to sum: ( ( ( ( ) ) ( ( ) ) ) ) ( ( ) ) ( ( ) ) ( ( ) )

Some important triangles:

Linear Equations: A linear equation has the general form:

Solving simultaneous two linear equations:

Logaritms: Supppose a number is expressed as a power of some number a

Conversely, the antilogarithm of y is the number

GEOMETRY: The distance d between two points having coordinates ( ) and ( ) is

Useful information about geometry:

The equation of an ellipse having the origin at its centre is

The equation of a rectangular hyperbola is

Important Formulae in Calculus DIFFERENTIATION: ( ( ) ( ( ) ) ) ( ( ( ( ) ) ) )

( ) ( ), then (Parametric equation); provided ( )

Geometrical Meaning of the derivatives:

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