Professional Documents
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HISTORICAL ASPECTS
Fluoridation - 1945
The first communities were fluoridated in 1945. Research in the communities began before
fluoridation was started to obtain baseline information, and it continued over the years with detailed examinations and reports.
Fluoride
a halogen; the 13th most common element the most electronegative element; highly reactive a seeker of mineralised tissues sea water: [F] = 0.8 to 1.4 ppm unfertilised soils: [F] = 300+ ppm unfluoridated water supplies:[F] = 0.3ppm water fluoridation [F] = 0.7 to 1.2 ppm
FLUORIDE AND TOOTH DEVELOPMENT PRE-ERUPTIVE: MINERALIZATION STAGE PRE-ERUPTIVE: MATURATION STAGE
DEMINERALIZATION A. Initiation
Demineralization means breakdown of the tooth structure with a loss of mineral content, primarily calcium and phosphorus. Breakdown is caused by organic acids produced by acidogenic bacteria after the metabolism of ingested fermentable carbohydrates.
DEMINERALIZATION B. Progression The acids produced in the dental biofilm pass through the micro channels between the enamel rods. Demineralization occurs in the subsurface layer. Eventually the area can be detected on clinical examination when the spot may become chalky or discolored by food or tobacco.
REMINERALIZATION A. Process of Remineralization Remineralization is the recovery of the demineralization process. Saliva acts to buffer (neutralize) the acid, and the calcium and phosphorous ions are restored to the crystal structure. With the addition of fluoride, the dental carious process is arrested. When early remineralization occurs, the white spot will "harden" and the area may be hypermineralized compared with the enamel around it.
FCa2+ PO43-
There are three basic effects of fluoride to prevent dental caries: A. Inhibit demineralization. B. Enhance remineralization of incipient lesions. C. Inhibit bacterial activity.
FLUORIDATION
Fluoridation is the adjustment of the fluoride ion content of a domestic municipal water supply to the optimum physiologic concentration that will provide maximum protection against dental caries and enhance the appearance of the teeth with a minimum possibility of producing objectionable enamel fluorosis. Fluoridation has been established as the most efficient, effective, reliable, and inexpensive means for improving and maintaining oral health.
PRIMARY TEETH
TOOTH LOSS
B. Distribution Anterior teeth, particularly maxillary, receive more protection from fluoride than do posterior teeth. The anterior teeth are contacted by the drinking water as it passes into the mouth. C. Progression Not only are the numbers of carious lesions reduced, but the caries rate is slowed.
ADULTS
ROOT CARIES
SCHOOL FLUORIDATION
FLUORIDES IN FOODS
Food Salt Halo effect Milk Bottled water
So, do you think that salt fluoridation is superior to water fluoridation ? Why ?????
Recommended daily fluoride supplementation ( mg F) Concentration of fluoride in water (ppm) Age 6 months to 3 yrs 3 to 6 yrs > 6 yrs < 0.3
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PRESCRIPTION
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