Anil Chejara Roll No. 9003022 Group No.

Pelton Turbine Test Rig

Background:
Pelton Wheel Turbine is an impulse/ a constant pressure water turbine. In this case water head is very high. Pelton wheel consists of a wheel called rotor. The rotor of the turbine consists of a circular disc with a number of double spoon shaped buckets evenly distributed over the periphery. The water is the supplied from the reservoir. In such type of Turbine available hydraulic energy of the water is converted in to the kinetic energy at atmospheric pressure by means of the nozzle. Each nozzle directs the jet along a tangent to the circle through the centers of the buckets. Each bucket consists of a splitter which divides the incoming jet in to two equal portions and after flowing round the smooth inner surface of the bucket the water leaves with a relative velocity almost opposite in direction to the original jet. The change in momentum of the water jet in passing over the buckets exerts tangential force on the wheel causing it to rotate. Thus converts the hydraulic energy in to the mechanical energy by means of the shaft rotation.

Aim:
To study the operation of Pelton Wheel and also to determine the efficiency and power output of Pelton Turbine.

Experimental Setup:
Water is supplied the Turbine by means of a centrifugal pump. A Venturimeter and manometer measures the rate of the flow. The discharge of the water may be varied by changing the nozzle opening by means of spear wheel. The head on the turbine can be varied by the controlling the bypass valve. The rotor shaft of the wheel consists of the flywheel. The flywheel is wrapped by the belt. The two ends of the belt are connected to the lower end of the circular spring balance. The upper end of the spring balance is connected to the bolt. The load can be added to the flywheel by tightening the belt by means of tightening the bolt.

Procedure:
1. 2. 3. First of all check the tension of the belt and loose it. Clean and fill the Sump Tank with clean Water Turn on the starter. Pump is started and water is allowed to flow through the turbine. 4. 5. 6. 7. Adjust the spear valve for a particular nozzle opening. Adjust the bypass valve for the desired inlet water pressure. Load the flywheel by tightening the bolt up to 0.5 kg. Record the pressure reading, Manometer reading, speed readings of the circular spring balance. 8. 9. 10. Repeat the experiment for 1 kg, 1.5 kg & 2 kg load. Repeat the experiment for three more spear valve settings. Switch off the pump.

Calculations:

Data Given D = 52 mm2 (Diameter of Pipe) A = 0.002123 m2 (Area of Pipe) g = 9.81 m/s2 (Accln Due to Gravity) w = 1000 kg/m3 (Density of Water) m = 13600 kg/m3(Density of Mercury) Db = 0.190 m(Diameter of Break Drum) DR = 0.013 m(Diameter of Rope) Cv = 0.98(Coefficient of Velocity) Re = (Db + 2 DR) /2 = 0.108 m(Effective Radius) Formulae Used: Discharge Q = A X V m3 / sec
m

Where V = Cv x 2 (w 1) m/s Total Head H = P/*g m of Water

Turbine Output = (2*9.81* * N*W*Re) /60Watt Turbine input = w*Q *H * 9.81 Watt turbine = Output /Input * 100 %

For Discharge Q1: S.no. 1 2 3 4 RPM 1340 1210 1090 980 Head (m) 18.3 18.3 18.3 18.3 Discharge (m3/sec) 0.140 0..140 0.140 0.140 Output (Watt) 74.35 248.39 319.79 304.48 Input (Watt) 1374.62 1374.62 1374.62 1374.62 Efficiency (%) 5.41 18.07 23.26 22.15

For Discharge Q2: S.no. 1 2 3 4 RPM 1340 1210 1090 980 Head (m) 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 Discharge (m3/sec) 0.165 0.165 0.165 0.165 Output (Watt) 134.88 251.66 280.74 324.07 Input (Watt) 1620 1620 1620 1620 Efficiency (%) 8.33 15.53 17.33 20.01

Conclusion:
1. Efficiency increases as discharge increases. 2. For high discharge RPM was higher but the efficiency was also lower. 3. At high RPM the efficiency achieved is less than lower rpm hence it is not the optimum.

Sources of Error and Precautions:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Make sure rope is loose. Check the load measuring device it should be set to zero at initial position. Tachometer should be stable during measuring RPM. Do not change nozzle discharge during the experiment. Keep the weight measuring apparatus wet otherwise friction will cause error.