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ywvm;tkdBuD;rSm olBuD;\a,murjzpfolwD;cwfcJYaom ywvm;BuD;yifjzpfav\/ tbkd;jzpfol
raorDu rjrpdrf;ukd ywvm;wD;oifay;cJYavonf/
olBuD;onf rdef;uav;wefrJY wl&d,mypnf;wD;cwfjcif;ukdrESpfoufaomfvnf; a,murBuD;
ukd,fwkdifoifBum;ay;cJY rajymomcJYacs/ rjrpdrf;av;onfvnf; *DwtEkynmukd vG,fulpGmyif
wwfajrmufcJUum tm;vyfcsdefrsm; ywvm;av;ukdwD;cwf&if;tjiD;ajz&Smav\/
okdY&mwGif zcifolBuD;rif;tvdkus tdrftay:xyfwGifom wD;cwfcGifY&SdjyD;? oDcsif;ukdvnf;
wD;wkd;omqkdjiD;&&Smavonf/
olBuD;rif;\ wpfOD;xJaomorD;jzpfolrjrpdrf;twGuf t&if;ESD;qkH;tazmfrSm armifndKav;yif
jzpfawmYonf/ armifndKonf rjrpdrf;xuf10ESpfwdwdi,f&G,fayonf/ tazmfrJYaom rjrpdrf;twGuf
armifndKonf armifav;wpfa,mufozG,f cifwG,f&m jzpfcJUavonf/
armifndKonfvnf; arG;uwnf;utwlaevmcJYaom rrjrukdyif tpfr&if;wpfa,muf[k
xifjrifum cspfcifwG,fwmcJYavonf/
naecif;rsm;wGif rjrpdrf; ywvm;wD;cwfonfYtcg.. armifndKu ab;rSxkdifpnf;0g;vkduf
ay;&av\/
bkef;BuD;ausmif;om;tjzpf ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm;rae&cifu.. naecif;qkdvQif rrjronf
tdrftay:xyfjywif;rSacgif; jyLum tdrfaemufaz;wJuav;rSarmifndKukd vSrf;ac:wwfayonf/
aqmif;vkvif
] tndKa&.. ywvm;wD;&atmif? vma[Y }
armifndKonf rrjr ywvm;wD;onfYtcg pnf;0g; aumif;aumif;vkdufwwfaeayjyD/
rrjroDqkdonfYoDcsif;rsm;onfvnf; at;at;jidrfYjidrfYjzifYem;axmifaumif;vSay\/
,rkHemywfysdK;oDcsif;ukdoDqkdvQif armifndKonf b,fukdrSef;rodvGrf;pdwfay:um rrjr\
rsufESmukdai;armBunfYaewwfavonf/
] ,rkHem__ oDwmaomifajcOD;rSmv__ }.. tpcsDonfYoDcsif;av;wGif jrpfurf;ajc\
&SKcif;tvStyrsm;vJygonf/ jrpfxJwGifoGm;vmusufpm;onfY [oFm? pu0guf? aomifwif;iSuf
uav;rsm;taBumif;vJygonf/
rjrpdrf;wkdYtdrfonf jrpfurf;teD;&Sdaom ESpfxyftdrf tjrifYBuD;jzpf&m tdrfay:xyfrSBunfYvQif
'kw0wDjrpf&SKcif;ukd tqD;twm;r&Sdjrifae&ayonf/
jrpf&SKarQmfcif;ESifY rjrpdrf;oDqkdaom,rkHemywfysdK;wkdYrSm vkdufzufyeHpm;um Bum;&oltaygif;
ukdvGrf;aqG;pdwf jzpfay:apawmY\/
armifndKbkef;BuD;ausmif;wGif ausmif;om;tjzpfESifY oGm;aexkdif&onfYtcgwGifvJ naewkdif;
tdrfokdYjyefvm&avonf/
rrjrywvm;wD; aw;csif;qkdonfhtcgwkdif; pnf;0g;vkdufay;&olrSmarmifndKyifjzpfavonf/
xkdodkYaomtajctaersm;jzifYaexkdifvmcJY&mrS..
c&moHpkH usL;ausmfnH[kef___ wkdif;bkH pu0g vusfm pBufm__

yef;ndK yef;eD yef;jym yef;0g__
tkd.. .. aygwJUae&m awmeJUa[r0g
a&Tjynfpkd; .. a&Tjynfpkd; .. a&Tjynfpkd; ___
vGrf; ykd zG,f &m ___
anmifyifqdyf&Gmuav;okdY awmfvSefa&;orm;vli,f&efrsdK;Ekdifa&muf&SdvmcJYjcif;um; armifndKY
b0? rjrpdrf;b0ESifY &Gmuav;\uHBurmukd wpfrsdK;wpfzkHajymif;vJapcJYavawmYonf/
armifndKYtm; EkdifiHa&;ESifYywfouf rsdK;cspfpdwf?wkdif;cspfjynfcspfpdwfrsm;xGef;um;atmif vkyf
aqmifcJYolrSmvnf; &efrsdK; Ekdifyifjzpfavonf/
&efrsdK;Ekdifa&muf&SdvmonfYtcsdefum; aEG&moD\ naecif;wpfckwGifjzpfay\/
armifndKonf tvSnfYusoefY&Sif;a&;wm0eft& xkdaeYnaeu ausmif;yk&0kPfwpfckvkH;ukd
xef;vufwHrsufpnf;jzifY vSJusif;aecsdefjzpfayonf/
aevkH;onf taemufzufurf;pG,fokdY0ifpjyKayjyD/
xkdtcsdefwGif ausmif;ESifYapwD&Sd&m ukef;jrifYav;qDokdY ywfwufvmonfY vrf;wavQmuf
zkefvkH;BuD;rsm; xBuGvmonfukdawGYvkduf&avonf/
armifndKonf wHrsufpnf;vSJaejcif;ukd acw&yfem;um.. awmifurlpGef;rSae vrf;w
avQmufarQmfBunfYvdkufav\/
jrif;pD;vkvifwpfOD;um; tkef;cGHa&mifjrif;ndKBuD;ukd uqkefqkdif;um awmifqifajcavQmvrf;
twkdif; pD;eif;vmvQuf &Sdavonf/
vkvif\ a&mifxkH;xkH;xm;aomqHyifrS jzmusaeaom qHEG,fprsm;onf avxJwGif ajrmuf..
ajrmuf vGifYysHaeavonf/
vkvifBuD;onf twefBuD;rm;aom vG,ftdwfBuD;ukd pvG,fokdif;vG,fxm;avonf/
armifndKonf jrif;ndKBuD;ukdpD;eif;vmonfYvli,ftm; BunfYaumif;aumif;jzifY ai;BunfYae
rdavonf/
10
aqmif;vkvif
jrif;pD;vkvifonf ausmif;ayguf0a&mufonfESifh jrif;ukdwkHUueJ&yfvdkufum jrif;ay:rS
vTm;ueJckefqif;vdkufav\/
vkvifonf acgif;rSyk0gukdcRwfvdkufum yk0gjzifY acR;rsm;ukdokwfvdkuf\/ ol\wpfukd,fvkH;
wGifvnf;acR;rsm;&TJeifYaeayonf/
armifndKonf teD;uyfjrifvdkuf&aom jrifYrm;xGm;BudKif;vSonfYvkvifBuD;ukd acgif;armfum
vkvifBuD;\yg;&kd;wavQmufrSyg;jrdKif;arT;rsm;ukd4if;? zkxpf&kef;BuGaeaom vufarmif;BuGufom;BuD;
rsm;ukd4if; ai;BunfYaerdavonf/
] nDav;? q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;&Sd&JUvm;uG }
vkvifBuD;u armifndKukdar;vkdufavonf/
] [kwf-[kwf? &Sdygw,ftpfukdBuD; }
] q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ukdzl;csifvdkYyguG,f? tpfukdBuD;u c&D;a0;uvmcJUwmuGJU }
] [kwfuJU? uRefawmfoGm;avQmufvkdufygr,f? xkdifckHav;rSmxkdifapmifYaeygtpfukdBuD; }
] at;-at;? aBomf.. aeOD;uGJU? q&mawmfBuD;ukd a[m'Dpmav;jyvdkufygOD;uG,f }
vkvifBuD;onf vG,ftdwfBuD;xJrSpmwpfapmifukdxkwf,lum armifndKUvufxJokdYxnfYvdkuf
av\/
armifndKuwHrsufpnf;ukdopfyifwGifaxmifcJUjyD; ausmif; ay:okdYajy;wufoGm;avonf/
bkef;BuD;eSifYawGYonfYtcg pmukdurf;ay;&if;tusdK;taBumif;ukdavQmufxm;vkdufavonf/
bkef;BuD;upmukdzwfBunfY&if;..
] aejynfawmfu{nfYonfyJ? oGm;ac:vSJYarmifndK }
armifndKu atmufokdYtajy;jyefqif;oGm;&if; vkvifBuD;ukd bkef;BuD;a&SYarSmufokdYac:aqmifcJU
av\/
{nfYonfonf bkef;BuD;tm; OD;okH;Budrfcs0wfjznfYvdkufavonf/
] igU&JUrdwfaqGbkef;BuD;u pmxJrSm tusdK;taBumif; tjynfYtpkHa&;vdkufygw,f? emrnfu
&efrsdK;Edkif? [kwfvm; }
] wifygYbk&m; }
] emrnf&if;yJvm;uGJU }
] emrnf&if;&Sdygw,fbk&mY? ukvm;jzLrdpmawG&JU&eftrsdK;rsdK;ukd atmifEkdif&r,fqkdwJU twdwf
edrdwfeJU &efrsdK;EkdifvdkY rSJYac:xm;jcif;yg? tm;vkH;uyJ &efrsdK;EkdifvdkYac:aeBujyDrkdY emrnf&if;u aysmuf
vkvkygbk&m; }
{nfYonfvli,fonf q&mawmfBuD;ar;orQukdvuftkyfcsDacgif;ikHY&if; av;av;pm;pm;jyefvnf
ajzBum;vQuf&Sday\/
] aumif;ygavYuG,f? igwkdYrvJ vludp[m ouFef;0wfeJUrqkdifaomfjim; wkdif;a&;jynfa&;
jzpfvmawmYum yg0ifywfouf&ayw,f }
] wifygYbk&m; }
] armif&efrsdK;Ekdifvkyfp&m&SdwJUudpawGukd vdrfvdrfrmrm yg;yg;eyfeyfeJUom BunfYvkyfayawmY?
aea&;xkdifa&; pm;aomufa&;twGufawmY bkef;BuD;wm0efxm; }
] wifygY }
] [JY-indK }
] zsmY }
] {nfYonfukdatmufxyfua'gifYqkH;tcef;rSmaexkdifzkdY &Sif;vif;okwfoifay;vkduf? wjcm;
ausmif;om;awGygac:jyD; &Sif;ay;vkdufBu }
] wifygYzsmY }
] uyd,BuD;ukdigYqDvTwfvdkufOD;? uJ-uJ-armif&if? indKeJUvdkufoGm;ayawmYuGJU }
11
aqmif;vkvif
] vm-tpfukdBuD;? a[m'Dtcef;yJ }
armifndKu bkef;BuD;rdefYvdkufaomtcef;ukd &efrsdK;Ekdiftm;jyovkdufavonf/
tcef;wcg;ukdzGifYvdkufonfYtcg jywif;aygufrsm; ydwfxm;onfYtwGuf wpfcef;vkH;
arSmifrJaeay\/ armifndKu jywif;aygufrsm;ukdvkdufzGifYvdkufavonf/ tcef;rSm vlraewm
BumjyDjzpf zkeftvdrf;vdrf;wufaeum yifYulrQifrsm;vnf; eH&H,Sufoef;aeayonf/
] tcef;oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfzkdY uRefawmf wjcm;ausmif;om;awGoGm;ac:vdkufOD;r,ftpfukdBuD; }
] udpr&Sdygbl;uGJU? tpfukdBuD;ukd,fwkdifvkyfygYr,f? rif;emrnfarmifndK? [kwfvm; }
] [kwfuJUtpfukdBuD; }
] armifndKUukd uyd,BuD;vTwfay;zkdY bkef;BuD;urSmvkdufw,fr[kwfvm;? tJ'g t&ifoGm;
ajymvdkufacsOD;av }
] tJ-[kwfom;yJ }
armifndKuajy;xGufoGm;um uyd,BuD;OD;oHcJukdoGm;ajymvdkufonf/ wpfqufxJ *kH;nSif;xkd;
aeBuonfYausmif;om;rsm;ukdyg oefY&Sif;a&;vkyf&efac:vmvdkuf\/
] a[YaumifawG? ausmif;rSmtm*EK{nfYonfa&mufaew,fuG? opfyifatmufrSmcsnfxm;
wJhjrif;BuD;ukdjrifvm;? tJ'g{nfYonftpfukdBuD;pD;vmwmaygY? bbkef;u {nfhonfaezkdY atmufxyf
tcef;ukd0kdif;&Sif;ay;zkdYrSmvdkufw,f? vmBuOD; }
ausmif;om;av;rsm;onf {nfYonfukdpdwf0ifpm;oGm;um armifndKUaemufrSvdkufvmBuav
onf/
armifndKwkdYa&mufoGm;csdefwGif &efrsdK;Edkifu tusDukd,fcRwfESifY yifYulrQifrsm;ukd wkwfwpf
acsmif;jzifYukd,fwkdif&Sif;vif; aeonfukdawGYvdkuf&onf/
armifndKESifYausmif;om;i,frsm;u &efrsdK;Ekdif\zkxpfBuG&Gaom vufarmif;BuGufom;BuD;rsm;
ESifY &iftkyfum;um;BuD;ukd tm;uspGmai;armBunfYrdBuonf/
] tpfukdBuD;? uRefawmfwkdYvkyfrSmaygY? z,fyg? tpfukdBuD;tem;,lyg }
] &ygw,farmifndK&,f? tpfukdBuD;aer,fYtcef;ukd tpfukdBuD;vJ ul&Sif;rSmaygY? tr,farmifndKUoli,fcsif;awGu trsm;BuD;ygvm;a[Y }
] 'Dausmif;rSm ausmif;om;ajcmufa,muf&Sdygw,f tpfukdBuD;? 'geJUtpfukdBuD;u 'DrSm
tBumBuD;aerSmvm;[if}
] at;- Bumr,fqkdygawmYuG,f? awmfvSefa&;twGuf &JabmfawGukdpkpnf;&OD;rSmukd;? Vufeuf
pkaqmif;zkdYeJU &JabmfawGukdavYusifYay;zkdUeJUqkdawmY BumOD;rSmaygU }
armifndKwkdYausmif;om;av;rsm;onf &efrsdK;Edkifpum;rsm;ukdem;rvnfBuacs/
xkdpOf uyd,BuD;ausmif;ay:rSqif;vmum olwkdYteD; okdYa&mufvmavonf/
] tqifajyyg&JUvm;ukd,fawmfav;? vdktyfwmrSeforQ uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;ukd ajymygcifAsm?
uRefawmfrsdK;u 'Dausmif;u uyd,BuD;oHcJyg }
uyd,BuD;u &efrsdK;Ekdiftm; av;pm;&kdusdK;pGmajymvdkuf avonf/
] 'DtcsdefrSm ukd,fawmfav;awGbmawGvkyfraeygeJU? usKyfvJ omreft&yfom;wpfa,mufjzpf
aeygjyD? trsm;ac:ovdk &efrsdK;EkdifvkdYyJac:yguyd,BuD; }
] [kwfuJUcifAsm }
] 'D&GmrSm vli,fumvom;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;&SdBuovm;? wkdif;a&;jynfa&;ukda&m pdwf0ifpm;Bu
&JUvm;uyd,BuD; }
] touf16ESpfu20t&G,favmufxd umvom; ta,mufokH;av;q,fxufrenf;&Sdygw,f
ukd,fawmfav;? tJav.. ukd&efrsdK;Ekdif? wkdif;a&;jynfa&;ukdawmY wcsdKYvJ pdwf0ifpm;ygw,f? wcsdKYvJ
bmodbmomyJaeBuygw,f? okdYaomf pdwf0ifpm;olrsm;tzkdYvJ ajrSmufpm;r,fYolr&SdvdkU ukd,f&nfukd,f
aoG;xufjrufrSKr&SdvSygbl;? avYusifYoifBum;ay;r,fqkd&ifawmY vli,frSeforQ pdwf0ifwpm;&SdvdrfY
r,fvdkYarQmfvifY&ygw,fcifAsm }
12
aqmif;vkvif
] tif;.. onfawmYum vli,fumvom;rsm;ukd uRefawmfawGYcsifw,fAsm? olwkdYeJU
pum;ajymcsifw,f? tJ'gukd uyd,BuD;pDpOfay;zkdYygyJ }
] pdwfcsygcifAsm }
&efrsdK;EkdifeSifYuyd,BuD;wkdYajymqkdaeBuonfukd armifndKESifYausmif;om;av;rsm; ai;armem;
axmifaeBuav\/
uyd,BuD;u ausmif;om;rsm;zufokdYvSnfYum..
] [JY-ausmif;om;awG vkyfp&m&Sdwm vkyfBuav? armifndKuaum? ausmif;0kdif;oefY&Sif;a&;
jyD;pD;vdkYvm;? oGm; oGm;-ukd,fvkyfp&m&SdwmvkyfacsBu }
armifndKonf ausmif;0kdif;oefY&Sif;a&;tjyD;wGif aetdrfokdYacwjyefvmcJYav\/ aetdrfqkd

onfrSm rdbrsm;rSDcdkaexkdifonfY olBuD;rif;\tdrfaemufaz;rSwJuav;jzpfygonf/
armifndKonf naewkdif; tdrfokdYacwjyefaeusjzpfayonf/ bkef;BuD;uvnf; cGifYjyKxm;\/
,aeYawmY tvSYJus oefY&Sif;a&;wm0efusojzifY aemufusaejcif;jzpfavonf/
oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfae&vnf; &efrsdK;Ekdifa&mufvmonfukd qkdufqkdufjrdKufjrdKufqkHqnf;&jcif;
jzpfayonf/
armifndKonftdrfokdYvrf;avQmufjyefvm&if; &efrsdK;EkdiftaBumif;rsm;ukd pOf;pm;vmavonf/
armifndKonf &efrsdK;Edkifukd pdwf0ifpm;aeav\/ bkef;BuD;ukd,fwkdifESifYuyd,BuD;wkdY tav;,l
qufqHaeonfY&efrsdK;Ekdifonf b,fvdkvlpm;rsm;ayenf;/
armifndKuawmY &efrsdK;Ekdifukdpdwf0ifpm;jcif;rSm ol\a,musfm;yDocefYnm;aom&kyf&nfESifY Av
BuD;rsm;ukdtm;uspGm pdwf0ifpm;jcif;jzpfavonf/
armifndKtdrf0if;xJ0ifvmonfYtcg rjrpdrf;u tdrfrBuD;xJrSae qD;BudKac:iifvkdufavonf/
] a[;-tndK? 'DaeYaemufusvScsnfvm; }
] {nfYonfa&mufaevdkY? tJ-ausmif;0kdif;xJrSmwHrsufpnf;vJvSnf;ae&vdkYrrjr& }
armifndKu rjrpdrf;&Sd&mtdrfxJokdY0ifoGm;&if;ajymvdkuf onf/
] tr,f-{nfYonfa&mufvdkYav;?bmav;eJU vlBuD;usaewmyJ? bkef;BuD;ausmif;ukd b,fu
{nfYonfvmwmvJ tndK&JU }
] bbkef;uawmY aejynfawmfuvmwmvdkYajymoHBum;vkdufw,f }
] aejynfawmf }
] [kwfw,f? tJ'DtpfukdBuD;u odyfAvaumif;wmyJ rrjr&JU? olvmawmY jrif;BuD;ukd
pD;vmwmodyfBunfYvdkYaumif;wmyJ? odvm;rrjr }
armifndKajympum;rsm;ukd tdrfa&SYcef;wGifxkdif&if; a&aEG;Burf;aomufaeonfYolBuD;rif; OD;puf
a&mif Bum;ae&ayonf/ armifndKaemufqkH;ajymvdkufaompum;aBumifY OD;pufa&mifrsufarSmifukyf
oGm;avonf/
] [JU-indK? {nfYonfu cPwjzKwf 0ifwnf;wmvm;? BumBumaer,fYoabmvm;?
igYajymprf; }
] BumrSmwJUbb? aejynfawmfu bbkef;&JUrdwfaqG bkef;BuD;wpfyg;u pma&;ay;vkdufwm?
tJ'Dpmukd uRefawmf,ljyD; bbkef;qD0ifavQmuf&wmAs }
a&TpvG,f&olBuD;rif;OD;pufa&mifonf rsufarSmifukyfoxufukyfoGm;av\/
] cufwmyJu&kdY? acwfumvuraumif;&wJYtxJ bbkef;wkdYuvJ vlwumukdvufcHoukd;?
vlqkd;rSef;rod? vlaumif;rSef;rod }
OD;pufa&mifonf wpfukd,fxJjiD;jiLovdkqufajymaeav\/
rjrpdrf;u armifndK\yckH;ukdtomzufum tdrfay:xyfokdYac:oGm;avonf/
] vm-tndK? rrjroDcsif;wpfyk'fpyfxm;wm tndKUukd qkdjyrvdkY? apmifYvkduf&wm BumvS
rifYaum }
13
aqmif;vkvif
] rrjru oDcsif;pyfw,f? em;axmif&ao;wmy }
] atmifr,f? avSmifovdkrajymygeJUaemf? em;axmifjyD;rS ukd,fYtpfrukd,f xkdifuefawmYcsif
pdwfaygufoGm;ygOD;r,f }
] aumif;&ifjzifY uefawmYzkdY0efrav;ygbl;Asm }
ESpfa,mufom; tdrfay:xyfta&mufwGif tdrfOD;cef;rS ywvm;BuD;a&SYxkdifrdBuav\/
rjrpdrf;u ywvm;a&SYwGifBuHKUBuKHYav;xkdif&if;vufoH prf;vdkufonf/ armifndKvnf; teD;rS
pnf;ESifY0g;ukd aumufukdifvdkufav\/
rjrpdrf;u ywvm;ab;rSausmufoifykef;av;ukd,lum auG;xm;aom'l;ay:okdY wifvdkufav
onf/ ausmufoifykef;ay:um; rjrpdrf;\vufa&;ao;ao;av;rsm;ukd awGY&av\/
] rrjru oDcsif;ukdausmufoifykef;ay:rSma&;xm;wmvm; }
] at; }
] puLay:rSmra&;bl;vm; }
] puL? puLukdb,frSm&SmrvJtndK&JU? &Sm;u&Sm;oeJU? puLqkdwm ay:wmjzifYrBumao;bl;?
aps;uvJBuD;ygoeJU? a&;aeusausmufoifykef;ay:a&;vJjzpfwmyJ[m? uJyg- rrjru a&SUuqkdjyr,f?
tndKu pnf;0g;ukd tvkdufoifYvkdufayawmY }
] oDcsif;emrnfu bmwJUwkef;rrjr&JU? ajymygOD; }
] aBomf-oDcsif;emrnfu a&Tjynfpkd;wJU[? a&Tjynfpkd; iSufuav;taBumif;pyfxm;wmy }
] [if- iSuftaBumif;ukdoDcsif;pyfw,f }
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14
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armifndKvJ bk&m;0wfwufaeolrsm;aemufrStom0ifxkdifvkdufavonf/
15
aqmif;vkvif
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armifndKu uyd,BuD;ESifYukd&efrsdK;EdkifwkdYpum;ajymae&mokdYoGm;ar;jref;vdkufav\/
] uyd,BuD;? &GmxJuumvom;awGukd uyd,BuD; ac:xm;wmqkd? bmvkyfzkdYvJ? bbkef;
uac:ckdif;vdkYvm; }
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] 'gqkdaumif;wmaygYtpfukdBuD; }
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16
aqmif;vkvif
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17
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18
aqmif;vkvif
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ppfom;aumif;wkdY wyftyfaomynmrsm;ykdYcsay;zkdUtwGuf usKyfa&muf&Sdvm&jcif;jzpfw,f? ,ckwuf
a&mufvmonfY&Jabmfrsm;? oifwkdYxJrSm ukd,fcHynm?okdif;ynmrsm;ukd usKyfxHrSmoif,lvdkol
&Sdygovm; }
] oifr,f } ] usKyfoifr,f }
] uRefawmfvJoifr,f } ] oifr,fAsdKY }
tm;vkH;aomvli,fwkdY\ wpfa,mufwpfaygufatmf[pfoHrsm;rSm qlnHoGm;Bujyefavonf/
] aumif;jyD? usKyfoifBum;ay;r,fYukd,fcHynm&yfrsm;ukd vufcHoif,lr,fYol[m rwfwyfx
&yfjyprf;yg }
&efrsdK;Edkifu pum;qkH;onfESifY olukd,fwkdif Burf;jyifay:wGifxkdifae&mrSxum rwfwyf&yf
vdkufav\/
pdwf"mwfwufBuGaeaomvli,fwkdYonfvnf; &efrsdK;EkdifxHwynfUcHvdkaBumif;jyovdkonfESifY
&kwfcsnf;x&yfBuav&m vltm;vkH;wkdYonf wjydKifxJrwfwyf&yfjyD;om;jzpfoGm;Buav\/ Burf;jyif
ay:xkdifaeolwpfa,mufrS rusef&pfawmYay/
] tm;&zG,faumif;vdkufygbd? aumif;jyD&JabmfwkdY? reufzefnaeupjyD; naecif;wkdif;rSm
a[m'Dbkef;BuD;ausmif;0if;xJrSmyJ usKyfoifay;r,f? vufa0SYa&;rsm;eJU wkwfokdif;? "m;okdif;?Aefwkd?
Aef&Snfynm&yfrsm;ukd usKyfuoifay;oGm;r,f? naecif;qkd&ifawmY &JabmfwkdYvJvkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;
jyD;pD;vdkY tm;vyfBujyDr[kwfvm; }
] [kwfygw,f? tm;ygw,f }
] ukdif;-'gjzifY usKyfwkdY[m awmfvSefa&;ukdtwlqifETJr,fY aowl&Sifzuf&Jabmfrsm;jzpfoGm;
BujyD? onfawmY vufarmif;aoG;azmufjyD; opma&aomufBupkdY }
uyd,BuD;OD;oHcJu aiGzvm;wpfvkH;ukd,lvmum cef;rxdyf&Sdbk&m;pifay:okdY wifvdkufav
onf/
&efrsdK;Ekdifu zvm;ukd,lum vufjzifYajrSmuf zvm;ukdezl;wGifuyfum bk&m;a&SYOD;wifvdkuf
avonf/
xkdYaemuf aiGzvm;ukd uyd,BuD;tm;ukdifxm;apum ol\tusDvufarmif;ukd yifYwifjyD;
b,fvufarmif;ukdauG;vdkufavonf/ xdktcg zkxpfaeomvufarmif;BuGufom;rsm;u taBumjydKif;
jydKif;xonfxd BuGwufvmav\/
&efrsdK;Ekdifonf cg;Bum;wGifxkd;xm;aom"m;ajrSmifukd xkwf,lvkdufonf/ xkdUaemuf BuGufom;
tajrSmif;vdkufjzifY wif;rmaeaom ol\b,fzufvufarmif;ukd "m;ajrSmifjzifYqGd-ueJaeatmifxdk;
pkdufcsvdkufavonf/
vufarmif;rSpD;usvmaomaoG;rsm;u aiGzvm;xJokdY wpufcsif;?wpfaygufcsif; usa&muf
oGm;av\/
vufarmif;aoG;ukd a`ErysufazmufxkwfvdkufonfY &efrsdK;EkdifukdBunfYum.. vli,fwkdYonf
vufarmif;aoG;azmuf&ef olYxufigOD;a&SYokdYwkd;vmBuav\/
&efrsdK;Ekdifu vli,fumvom;rsm;tm; wpfa,mufjyD;wpfa,muf vufarmif;aoG;rsm; azmuf
xkwfay;vdkufav\/ Zmwdrmefxufoefaomvli,fwkdY\ vufarmif;aoG;rsm;onf aiGzvm;xJokdY
wpfpufcsif;usa&mufoGm;av&m tm;vkH;ukd aoG;azmuftjyD; aiGzvm;w0uf&Sdatmif vuf
armif;aoG;rsm; jynfYoGm;avawmYownf;/
&efrsdK;Edkifu bk&m;a&SYwGifopmqkdum aiGzvm;twGif;rS aoG;tenf;i,fukd OD;pGmarmYaomuf
vdkufavonf/
xkdYaemuf vli,fumvom;rsm;tm; wpfa,mufjyD;wpfa,muf vufarmif;aoG;rsm;tm;aomuf
apav\/
19
aqmif;vkvif
armifndKonf vli,fxkBum;xJokdYajy;0ifvmum..
] tpfukdBuD;? tpfukdBuD;&efrsdK;Ekdif? uRefawmfvJopma& aomufyg&ap? uRefawmfY
vufarmif;aoG;ukdvJazmufyg? ukd,fcHynmawGvJ uRefawmfYukdoifay;yg }
armifndK\tjyKtrlukd tcsdKUtHYBopGmai;pkdufBunfYaeaomfvnf;? tcsdKUvli,fwkdYurl &,fp&m
ozG,fjyuf&,fjyKBuav\/
] a[YaumifindK? rif;u vufawmufavmufuav; &Sdao;w,f? BuD;us,fvSacsvm;uG }
] rif;wu,f vufarmif;aoG;tazmufcH&JvdkUvm; armifndK }
&efrsdK;Edkifonf aoG;rsm;ukefoGm;aomaiGzvm;ukd bk&m;pifay:wifxm;vkdufav\/
armifndK&Sd&mokdYavQmufvmum yckH;ukd,k,nifompGm ykwfvdkufavonf/
] armifndKav;&JUpdwf"mwfukdav;pm;&r,f&JabmfwkdY? 'g[m&,fyGJzGJUp&mr[kwfygbl;? 'Dt&G,f
av;eJUrsdK;cspfpdwf&Sdwm? EkdifiHawmftwGufwkdufyGJ0ifcsifwm[m csD;usL;&r,fr[kwfvm; }
&efrsdK;Edkifu armifndKUukdikHUBunfY&if;qufajymav\/
] armifndK? nDav;? nDav;[mudk,fcHynmoifzkdY odyfi,fao;w,fuGJU? nDav;&JU
pdwf"mwfukdacwcPcsKyfwD;xm; vkdufayOD;? okdYaomf tpfukdBuD;wkdYvkyfief;rSm ab;uaeyg0if ulnD
wm[mvJ awmfvSefa&;twGuf wpfwyfwpftm;ulnD&m a&mufygw,f? 'DawmY tpfukdBuD;wkdYtvkyfukd
armifndKav;u wwfEdkifoulnDay;ayawmY? armifndK BuD;vmwJYwpfaeUus&if ppfom;aumif;BuD;
wpfa,mufjzpfatmif tpfukdBuD;uyHYykd;ulnDygYr,fuG,f }
&efrsdK;Ekdifu armifndKtm;acsmYarmYESpfodrfYvdkufavonf/
jreJUarmifeJU ckrSawGYwm ____

vlyg;r0cifwkef;u___ ajymBuawmY&,fp&myg__
xrDav;wkdwkd0wfum___ jri,fpOfrSm ___
vlxJr0ifcifao;rkdY tvSjyifqif&Sm ____
r,f&ifukefukefajymr,f____
awmwpfoufrdkY b,uf'Gg'&m____
THYawGuyfpd uyfpd ykwD;vkyfumokH;wwfygw,f___
aemufwpfaeYnaerSpum &efrsdK;Ekdifonf &Gm&Sdumvom;rsm;tm; ukd,fcHynmrsm;ukd tpkokH;pk
cGJoifBum;ay;avonf/
tvkH;t&yfwlolrsm;ukd tkyfpkokH;pkcGJum wpfpkukd vufa0SYa&;? wpfpkukd "m;okdif;? Aemufwpfpk
ukd Aefwkdynmrsm;oifBum;ay;avonf/ vli,ftm;vkH;35-a,muf&Sdav&m ESpfpkwGif 12a,mufpDyg
aemufqkH;tpk 11-a,mufyg0ifavonf/
yxrtpkukd vufa0SYa&;oifay;aecsdefwGif usefeSpfpkrS vli,frsm;u ab;rSBunfYrSwfom;&
avonf/
&efrsdK;Edkifonf tkyfpkokH;pkukdwpfem&DpDcGJum rwlnDaom ukd,fcHynmrsm;ukd olu'kdifcH
wpfOD;xJ oifjyav\/ &efrsdK;edkif\wpfukd,fvkH;rSm acR;rsm;&TJeifYaeum cEmukd,ftxufykdif;ukd Avm
usif;xm;onfYtwGuf &iftkyfum;um;BuD;ay:rSacR;rsm;rSm qDvdrf;xm;ovdk ajymifvufaeayawmY
\/
] &JabmfwkdY? rdrdwkdYtvSnfYuswJUynm&yfukdom wwfajrmufatmif pGJpGJepfepfoif,lBuyg? usKyf
u ynm&yfwpfckwwfajrmufwmeJU aemufxyfukd,fcHynm&yfrsm;ukd tvSnfYus oifay;oGm;rSmjzpf
w,f? rwwfajrmufrSmrylBuygeJU? olrsm;oif,laepOfrSmvnf; BunfYjyD;rSwfom;yg? ynmwpf&yfukd
wpfvBumpDoifay;oGm;r,fvdkY usKyfuBuH&G,fxm;w,f? BudK;pm;yrf;pm;eJU pdwfygvufygoif,lBu
ayawmY }
&efrsdK;Ekdifu ol\tpDtpOfukdajymjyjyD; Bo0g'ay;avonf/
20
aqmif;vkvif
armifndKonf bkef;BuD;ausmif;xJ naewkdif; umvom;rsm;pkHnDpnfum;pGma&mufvmBujyD;
ukd,fcHynmrsm; oif,laeonfukdBunfYumaysmfaeavonf/ &efrsdK;ekdif\pkHvifvSaom ynm&yfrsm;
ukdBunfYum tm;usaerdavonf/
okH;av;&ufBumonfxdyif BunfYr0Ekdifao;aom armifndKonf tdrfokdYyifrjyefjzpfawmYay/
ukd,fcHynmoif&ef owfrSwfxm;aom apwDab;rSuGif;uav;ukd tjcm;ausmif;om;rsm;eSifYtwl
wHysufpnf;vSJ zkHrsm;odyf&efa&avmif;ay;xm;jcif;? oifwef;om;rsm;aomuf&efcsay;xm;onfYa&tkd;
rsm;xJ a&rsm;jznfYxnfYay;jcif;..ponfjzifY ulnDvkyfay;&if; rtm;vyfEkdifatmifjzpfaeay\/
armifndKtdrfrjyefwm av;&ufcefY&SdoGm;onfYtcg rjrpdrf;u ar;avonf/
armifndKwkdYausmif;om;rsm;onf reuftmkPfwuf wkH;armif;acgufonfESifY tdyf&mrSxum
tmkPfqGrf;cHxGuf&ygonf/
a&mifeDrysdKYrD ausmif;rSxGuf a&SYrSOD;Zif;okH;yg;? ukd&ifESpfyg;a&SYaqmifum armifndKwkdY
ausmif;om;av;rsm;u qGrf;xnfYaom,Gef;a'gif;vef;BuD;ukd qkdif;wef;wGifBudK;jzifYvQdK aemufrS
vdkuf&avonf/ &Gmtm;vusmf&pfywf urf;em;wavQmufrStdrfrsm;t&ifqGrf;cH&onf/ &Gmawmif
ykdif;tpGefta&mufwGif &GmxJokdYvSnfY0ifum ausmif;okdYjyef&onf/ a&mifeDvmcsdefrS bkef;BuD;ausmif;odkY
jyefa&mufav\/
wpf&GmvkH;vdkvdk tmkPfqGrf;xGufavmif;Buayonf/
olBuD;tdrfrSqGrf;xGufavmif;aeusolrSm olBuD;orD; rjrpdrf;jzpfavonf/
,aeYreufwGif tmkPfqGrf;cHxGufcJU&m olBuD;tdrfa&SYta&mufwGif rjrpdrf;u qGrf;rsm;
avmif;vSL&if; armifndKUukd ar;vkdufavonf/
] tndK? nae nae bmvdkYtdrfjyefrvmwmvJ? av;&ufawmif&SdjyD }
] uRefawmfrtm;vkdYygrrjr }
] tvdk? bmawGrsm;vkyfae&vdkYwkef;[JY }
] awmfvSefa&;orm;awGukdulae&wm }
] bm }
] 'DnaevmcJYr,fAsm? tJ'DusrSajymjyawmYr,f }
pum;BumBumajymcsdefr& rjrpdrf;ukdnaevmrnf[k uwday;cJY&avonf/
xkdYaBumifYarmifndKonf ,aeYnaeykdif;wGif upm;uGif;ukd wHysufvSJ?a&avmif;jyifqifay;jyD;
onfESifY tdrfokdY xGufvmcJYav\/
] qkdygOD;ukd,fawmfav;? bmawGrsm;tvkyfrsm;aevdkY tdrfukdawmifrjyefEkdif&wmwkH; }

armifndKtdrf0a&mufonfESifY rjrpdrf;uqD;BudKum &efawGYar; ar;vkdufavonf/
olBuD;OD;pufa&mif tdrfa&SYcef;xkdif a&aEG;Burf;aomufaeonfukdjrifaomaBumifY armifndK
u ..
] vmavrrjr? [kdaeYuoDcsif;av;qkdjyygOD;? uRefawmYf[muRefawmfqkdBunfYawmY 'kwd,ykd'f
ukdarYaevdkYAs }
armifndKu OD;pufa&mifBum;atmif oDcsif;taBumif; wrifajymvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/
rjrpdrf;u armifndKYyckH;ukdzufum tdrfay:ac:oGm;avonf/
] rrjrvJ pnf;0g;vkdufay;r,fYvlr&SdvdkY oDcsif;awmifrwD;jzpfzl;uGJU }
armifndKonf &efrsdK;EkdiftaBumif;? ausmif;xJrSm umvom;rsm;ukd ukd,fcHynmoifay;ae
onfYtaBumif;rsm;ukd rjrpdrf;tm; ajymjycsifaeayonf/
tdrfa&SYcef;rSm olBuD;rif;OD;pufa&mifxkdifae pum;vTJajymvdkufjcif;jzpf\/ OD;pufa&mifonf
t*FvdyfacwfolBuD;jzpf&m t*Fvdyftvdkus tkyfcsKyfae&oljzpfonf/ t*Fvdyfvl[k qkdEdkifayonf/
bkef;BuD;ausmif;xJrSm awmfvSefa&;twGuf jyifqifaeBuwmukdodvQif OD;pufa&mifBudKufrnfr[kwf
ay/ armifndKu onfrQawmYem;vnfygonf/
xkdYaBumifY xkH;pHtwkdif;ywvm;wD;oDcsif;qkdra,mifESifY tdrfay:wufvmvkdufonf/
21
aqmif;vkvif
rjrpdrf;onf ywvm;a&SYwGifxkdifvkdufjyD; wkwfwHav;jzifY ywvm;ukdtoHprf;vdkufavonf/
] oDcsif;qkdwmvJ qkdBuwmaygYrrjr&JU? uRefawmf ajymjywmvJem;axmifygOD; }
] bmwkef; }
rjrpdrf;u ywvm;twD;ukd&yfum armifndKUzufvSJU ar;vkdufonf/
] ausmif;rSmav awmfvSefa&;orm;BuD;wpfa,muf a&mufaew,fAs? tJ'DtpfukdBuD;u odyf
awmfwmyJ? odvm;? okdif;awGvufa0SYawGvJwwfw,f? &GmutpfukdBuD;awGukd olu ukd,fcHynmawG
oifay;aewm }
] [if-olubmjzpfvdkYoifay;&wmvJ }
] awmfvSefa&;vkyfzkdYwJU? t*FvdyfukdawmfvSefzkdYavYusifYaewmwJUAs }
] [,f-'gqkd tJ'DvluolykefaygY }
] bmvkdYolykef&rSmvJAs? tpfukdBuD;&efrsdK;EkdifuacsmrSacsm? AvvJodyfaumif;wm }
] eifajymovdkqkd pdwfBurf;vlBurf;BuD;xifyg&JU[,f? eiftJYvdkvlrsdK;awGeJU raygif;oifYbl;
tndK? tJ'g[molykef[JY? vlqkd;[JY }
] olykef[kwfygbl;qkdAsm? olykefqkd bbkef;u b,fvufcHrvJ }
] eifajymawmY t*Fvdyftpkd;&ukdykefuefzkdYvkyfaewmqkd? tpkd;&ukdykefuefjcm;em;wJUol[m olykef
oluefaygY[JU? vlqkd;aygY[JU }
] t*Fvdyfu aumif;rSraumif;wmrrjr&JU }
] BunfYprf;? BunfYprf;? ajym&Jvdkufwm? 'gawG eifYukd tJ'Dvluoifay;vkdufwmaygYav? tndK
eifBuyfBuyf owdxm;aemf? eifawmYvlqkd;eJUaygif;jyD;ysufpD;awmYrSmyJ? eifYtaz tarukdajymxm;OD;rS }
] rajymygeJUrrjr&,f? tarwkdYvJrajymeJU? bbukdvJ jyefajymrjyeJUawmYaemf? uRefawmf
'DvleJUuif;uif;aeqkd aeygYr,f }
armifndKu rjrpdrf;pdwf0ifpm;rnftxifESifY &efrsdK;EkdiftaBumif;rsm;ukdajymjyvdkufrd&m rjrpdrf;
rBudKufrSef;od pum;ukdavQmcsvdkuf&\/
] tJYvdkrSaygY? tao0emp AmvmeH-wJU? vlrkdufukd a0;a0;ua&Smif&w,fuGJU }
] [kwfuJU? rrjr uRefawmfwkdYoDcsif;qkd&atmifav? [kdwpfaeYu a&Tjynfpkd;oDcsif;av; qkdjy
ygOD; }
armifndKu pnf;ESifY0g;ukdaumufukdifum oDcsif;zuftm&kHajymif;ypfvdkufavawmYonf/
rjrpdrf;u olrukd,fwkdifa&;pyfxm;aomoDcsif;av;ukd 0g;ywvm;av;wD;um tm;&yg;&oDqkd
vkdufav\/
]] jrdKif,HawmvkH;jzifY yifjrifYyifqifY tvGefwifYvS o&Sif ___

azmfrpkH r,fYwpfukd,fwnf; pdrfYBuD;jrdKifBuD;&dyfBuD; atmufwGif ___
ocif .. .. .. ocif .. .. .. ocif .. .. ..
a&Tjynfpkd;__ a&Tjynfpkd; __ a&Tjynfpkd;wJU iSufuav;toHay; qkdaw;oDoHpOf __
r,fYukdavSmifovm;___ ysdKUukdavSmifovm;__ iSufqkd;av;vdkY qkdrsm;qkdcsif__
rjrpdrf;u okH;av;acgufausmUqkdvkduf&m onfwpfcgawmY armifndKonf oDcsif;ukdtvGwf&
oGm;avawmY\/
tdrfrStjyefvrf;wGif a&Tjynfpkd;oDcsif;av;ukdjiD;um jyefvmcJUavonf/
22
aqmif;vkvif
]] a&Tjynfpkd;__ a&Tjynfpkd; ___ a&Tjynfpkd;wJU vGrf;.. ykd.. atmif.. yif.. __ }}
] tr,f? armifndKu oDcsif;awGbmawGjiD;vkdYygvm;a[Y }
a&Tjynfpkd;oDcsif;av;ukd jiD;qkdaeaomarmifndKonf aemufrSxGufay:vmaom toHaBumifY
vefYoGm;av\/
vSnfYBunfYvdkufawmY vufukdykdufum rdefYrdefUBuD;&yfaeaom ukd&efrsdK;Ekdifukd awGYvdkuf&av
onf/
armifndKonf tdyfraysmfao;onfESifYapwDav;ab;rSckHwef;wGifxkdif&if;.. naecif;uoDqkdcJU
aomoDcsif;ukd yg;pyfxJpGJaeonfeSifY toHxGufqkdaerdjcif;jzpfonf/ udk,fwpfa,mufxJtxifESifY
qkdaerd&m &efrsdK;EkdifBum;oGm;onfYtwGuf &SufoGm;&avonf/
] qkdyguGJU? qufqkdygOD;? em;axmifvdkYaumif;om;yJ }
&efrsdK;Ekdifu ckHwef;av;wGif0ifxkdif&if;ajymvkdufonf
] tpfukdBuD; rtdyfao;bl;vm; }
] tdyfraysmfao;ygbl;uG,f? vomomeJUBunfEl;p&maumif;vkdYapwDem;ukdxGufvmcJYwm }
] [kwfuJY? reufzefvjynfYaeYqkdawmY vut&rf;omaewmyJaemf }
va&mifonf apwDeSifYausmif;&Sd&m ukef;urlwpfckvkH;ukdomru jrif&EkdifonfYywf0ef;usif
tm;vkH;xd zsef;usaeayonf/ awmifukef;ay:rSBunfYvQif va&mif[yfaeaom'kw0wDjrpfukd aiGjym;
av;wpfcsyfcsxm;onfYozG,f vufvufxif;xif;jrifae&ay\/
] armifndKwkdY&Gmav;u odyfom,mwmyJ? tpfukdBuD;vJ 'DvdknrsdK;rSm tdyf&rSmESarsmwmeJU
xGufvmcJYwm }
tdyf&rSmESarsmw,fwJU? tokH;tESKef;uuAsmqefvScsnfvm;/ 'Dvl[m rrjrxifovdk vlBurf;
pdwfBurf;BuD;r[kwfyg/
] 'Dem;rSmoDcsif;qkdoHBum;vdkYavQmufvmBunfYawmY armifndKjzpfaewmukd;uGJU? armifndKqkdwJU
oDcsif;av;u aumif; om;yJJ? qufqkdygOD;uG,f }
] [mAsm? raumif;ygbl;? uRefawmfY[muRefawmf avQmufqkdaewmygtpfukdBuD;& }
armifndKu oDcsif;qkdwmvlrdoGm; &Suf&SufeSifYajym vkdufonf/
] b,f[kwfrvJuGJU? *DwtEkynmqkdwm vlUpdwfukd el;nHUodrfarGUapwmuvm;? pdwfESvkH;
aumif;&SdolawGom *DwukdjrwfEkd;wwfw,farmifndK&JU? tpfukdBuD;[m wu,fawmY *Dworm;
wpfa,mufyJ? apmif;ukdrufrufarmarmwD;cwfcJUwJUolwpfa,mufaygUuG,f? tif;.. ckawmYvJ 'Dvuf
awG[m apmif;aumufukdrukdif&wmawmifBumaygYarmifndK&,f }
armifndKonf &efrsdK;EdkifaqG;aqG;ajrYajrYajymykHukd ai;BunfYaerdavonf/
] uJuG,f? armifndKU&JUoDcsif;av;ukd tpfukdBuD;ukd qkdjyygOD; }
] tpfukdBuD;ravSmifeJUaemf }
] bmaBumifYavSmif&rSmvJuG,f? tpfukdBuD;em;axmifcsifvdkYyJ yGJawmif;aejyD[mukd }
armifndKuacsmif;[efYtm&Sif;um a&Tjynfpkd;oDcsif;av; ukd r&Jw&JjzifYpqkdvdkuf\/
]] jrdKif,HawmvkH;jzifY yifjrifYyifqifY tvGefwifYvS o&Sif ___

ocif .. .. .. ocif .. .. .. ocif .. .. ..
ac:avovm; wpfyg;r,fYocif ___}}
armifndKonf qkd&if;qkd&if;psmef0ifvmum r&Jw&J qkdae&mrS toHukdzGifYqkdvdkufavonf/
23
aqmif;vkvif
] aumif;vkdufwmuG,f? qkdif;oHrygwmawmif em;axmifvkdYaumif;w,fa[Y? 'gayr,fY
armifndKYoDcsif;u rdef;uav;qkdwJYoDcsif;jzpfaeygvm;uGJU }
] [kwfuJUtpfukdBuD;? 'D[m uRefawmYftpfrpyfwJUoDcsif;yg }
] tvdk? armifndKUtpfru oDcsif;pyfwwfw,f? w,f[kwfygvm;uGJU? 'gYaBumifY 'DoDcsif;ukd
wjcm;ae&mawGrSm rBum;zl;ygbl;vdkYxifrdwmukd; }
] rrjru ywvm;aumif;aumif;wD;wwfw,ftpfukdBuD;? oDcsif;awmY 'Dwpfyk'fyJpyfzl;ao;
w,f }
] armifndKUtpfremrnfu rrjrwJUvm; }
] rrjremrnfu rjrpdrf;yg }
] wefawmY? armifndKUtpfrrjrpdrf;u olYcspfolukd wrf;wjyD;a&;wJU tarQmfpkdufoDcsif;xifyg
&JUuG,f }
] r[kwfygbl;tpfukdBuD;? rrjrrSmcspfol&nf;pm;r&Sdygbl;? uRefawmfuawmif &nf;pm;&SdvdkY
'DoDcsif;a&;wmvm;vkdYar;awmY rrjrupdwfqkd;ao;w,f }
&efrsdK;Edkifu &,farmvdkufonf/
] rrjrupdwful;,OfjyD;a&;wmwJU? wjcm;oDcsif;awGukdBunfYjyD; olwkdYvdkpyfBunfYwmvkdY
ajymw,ftpfukdBuD; }
armifndKu tvdktavsmuf rjrpdrf;taBumif;rsm;ukd azmufonfcsrd&ufom;jzpfaeavonf/
] armifndKwkdYu armifeSrESpfa,mufxJ&Sdwmvm;uGJU? wjcm;nDtpfukdarmifESrawG&Sdao;vm; }
] r[kwfzl;tpfukdBuD;? uRefawmfu rrjrukdtpfr&if;wpfa,mufvdkcspfvdkY uRefawmfYtpfrvdkY
ajymrdwmyg? wu,fawmY rrjreJUuRefawmfeJUu armifESrt&if;r[kwfygbl;? bmrSvJrawmfygbl;
tpfukdBuD;&,f }
] [if }
] rrjru 'D&GmuolBuD;rif;OD;pufa&mif&JUwpfOD;xJaomorD;ygtpfukdBuD;? uRefawmfwkdYrdom;pk
u olBuD;tdrfaemufaz;rSm wJuav;xkd;jyD;ae&wJhv,fol&if;iSm;awGyg? tazeJUtaru rrjrwkdY
rdom;pk&JUtckdif;tapawGyg? uRefawmYfukd v,form; ukdif;orm;jzpfrSmpkd;vdkY pmwwffatmifqkdjyD;
rdbawGu bbkef;qDrSmvmtyfxm;wmyg? uRefawmfwkdYu qif;&Jom;awGyg tpfukdBuD;&,f }
armifndKonf olYb0ukdajymjy&if; 0rf;enf;vmum toHrsm;yifwkefcdkufvmav\/
&efrsdK;Ekdifu armifndKUukdrsufeSmcsif;qkdifvkdufjyD; yckH;ukdykwfumajymvkdufonf/
] a[Y-armifndK? qif;&Jw,fcsrf;omw,fqkdwmbmvJuGJU? qif;&Jolaum csrf;omolaum[m
vlawGygyJ? vlrSef&if qif;&Jwm?csrf;omwm[mt"dur[kwfygbl;uGJU? vlqkdwm ukd,fYwkdif;jynf ukd,fY
vlrsdK;ukdcspf&r,f? ukd,fukd;uG,fwJUbmomw&m;ukdwefzkd;xm;wwf&r,f? txl;ojzifY a,musmf;
av;wkdYrSm a,musfm;wkdYwyftyfwJUtXm&oeJUjynfYpkH&if vlyDojyDyJ? Opm"e[ma,musmf;aumif;wkdY
aemufukd olYtvdkvdk vkdufvmygvdrfYr,f? 'DawmY qif;&JvdkYpdwf"mwfrndSK;i,fygeJUigUnD? a,musfm;
aumif;yDozkdYomt"duqkdwm jrJjrJrSwfxm;uGJU? Bum;vm; }
] [kwfuJUtpfukdBuD;? uRefawmfa,mufsm;aumif;yDoatmifBudK;pm;ygYr,f }
] 'grSaygYarmifndK&,f }
wefaqmifrkef;vjynfYaeYrwkdifcif xkdncsrf;tcsdefonf armifndKUtwGuf rSefuefaom tod
pdwf"mwfrsm;ukd&vdkufaom nwpfnyifjzpfayawmY\/
24
aqmif;vkvif
aemufwpfaeYrSm.. wefaqmifrkef;vjynfYaeYjzpfayonf/
vjynfY?vuG,fOykofaeYqkdvQif bkef;BuD;ausmif; tjcm;aomOykofaeYrsm;xuf ykdvlpnfum;
wwfayonf/ bkef;BuD;ausmif;atmufxyfwpfckvkH;a&m? bk&m;apmif;wef;xJwGifyg Oykofonfrsm;
jynfYusyfaeay\/ opfyif&dyfaumif;aumif;rsm;wGifvnf; ukd,fYtpkESifYukd,f0kdif;zGJUem;ae&if; Oykof
oDvaqmufwnfBuonf/ Oykofonftm;vkH; naeapmif;rSyif tdrfjyefBuonfrSm xkH;pHjzpfav\/
rjrpdrf;wkdYom;trdrSmvnf; vjynfYvuG,fwkdif; bkef;BuD;ausmif;xdvma&muf Oykof,lavY
&Sdayonf/ rjrpdrf;eSifY rdcifa':a&TykHwkdYESifYtwl armifndKUtara':q,fonfvJ qGrf;tkyfukd&Gufum
aemufrSvdkufygvm&avonf/
armifndKonf rjrpdrf;wkdYausmif;0if;xJ0ifvmonfukdawGYonfESifY ajy;qD;BudKvkdufavonf/
] tpfr? qGrf;tkyfusKyfay; }
armifndKu rdcifacgif;ay:rSqGrf;tkyfukdawmif;,l yckH;ay:xrf;vkdufonf/ armifndKonf
tnm"avUtwkdif; rdcifukd tpfr? Zcifukd tb[k ac:avonf/
ausmif;ay:a&mufawmY a&mufESifYaeolrsm;u a':a&TykHukd ausmif;xkdifq&mawmfBuD;ESifY teD;
qkH; a&SYem;okdYoGm;Ekdifatmif ukd,fukd,kdUz,fay;Buav\/ a':a&TykHonf &Gm\olBuD;uawmf
r[kwfygavm/
armifndKonf rjrpdrf;,lvmcJUaom aumaZmvdyfuav;ukd qGJ,lumatmufxyfokdYqif;cJU
avonf/
aumaZmav;ukd apwDab;rSanmifyifBuD;atmuf&Sd opfom;uGyfjypfuav;ay:jzefUcif;vkduf
\/ onfrSm rjrpdrf;ESifYa':a&TykH OykofapmifYvmonfYaeYwkdif; armifndKvkyfay;aeus wm0efjzpf
onf/ OykofonfwkdYonf Oykof,ljyD; eHeufpmpm;aomufjyD;onfYtcg ukd,fOD;xm;onfY ae&m
av;rsm;wGif ukd,fYtpkESifYukd,f pum;ajymolajym? ykwD;pdwfolpdwf? tdyfoltdyfESifYaeBuavonf/
ausmif;0if;twGif;&Sdae&mrsm;ukd a&mufESifYoluOD; oifYawmfovdkaeBuaomfvJ.. anmifyif
atmufrS uGyfyspfuav;ukdrl rnfolrSae&mrOD;&JBuacs/ xkdae&mukd olBuD;uawmfBuD; a':a&TykHtwGuf
ae&m[k owfrSwfxm;ouJYokdYjzpfum rnfolurSraeyJ a&Smifxm;Buav\/
anmifyifBuD;atmufrSm t&dyfvJ&um at;jr avaumif;avoefY&aom ae&maumif;av;
jzpfayonf/
armifndKu &efrsdK;Ekdifukd&SmBunfYvdkufao;onf/
Oykofonfrsm;onf ausmif;atmufxyfvJtjynfY&Sdae&m.. &efrsdK;Ekdifu ol\tdyf&mvdyf
uav;ukdvdyfab;ykH xm;onfukdawGY&av\/ vlukdawmYrawGU&ay/
cPBumawmY ausmif;tay:xyfrS oDv,loHrsm;Bum;&av\/ oDv,ljyD;vQif rjrpdrf;wkdY
atmufqif;vmBuvdrfYrnf/ uGyfjypfuav;ay:yif0kdif;zGJU xrif;pm;BuvdrfYrnf/ armifndKu xrif;
pm;zkdYtqifoifYjzpf&ef jyifqifxm;vdkufav\/
] tndKa&? rrjrwkdY yef;cl;xGufBu&atmifa[Y }

rjrpdrf;u cyfwkd;wkd;ajymvkdufonf/
olBuD;uawmfBuD;a':a&TykHonf ykwD;pdwf&if;uGyfyspfay:vJavsmif;ae&m wacgacgESifUtdyfaysmf
oGm;ayjyD/ ykwD;yif wpfywfjynfY[efrwlay/
rjrpdrf;u rdcifrEkd;ap&efwkd;wkd;ajymvkdufjcif;jzpf\/
apwDukef;awmfrSqif;oGm;vQif prf;acsmif;av;wpfckokdYa&mufEkdif\/ xkdprf;acsmif;av;rSm
'kw0wDjrpfxJokdY pD;0ifaomprf;acsmif;av;jzpfygonf/ prf;acsmif;ab; tavYusaygufaeaom
awmyef;uav;rsm;&Sdum ta&mifpkHvifvSay\/
armifndKESifYrjrpdrf;onf OykofaeYa&mufwkdif;prf; acsmif;uav;ab;okdYoGm;um yef;rsm;cl;avY
&Sdavonf/
] oGm;BupkdYavrrjr }
ESpfa,mufom;prf;acsmif;av;&Sd&mokdY xGufcJUBuav\/
25
aqmif;vkvif
awmyef;uav;rsm;onf tjzLteDt0gtjym ta&mifpkHvifpGmjzifY urf;pyfaygufa&muf
vQuf&Sdavonf/
rjrpdrf;u awmyef;uav;rsm;xuf urf;pyfausmufwkH;ab;wGif uyfaygufwwfonfY
ausmufyef;uav;rsm;ukd ykdESpfoufavonf/
armifndKu awmyef;uav;rsm;ukdcl;EG,fBudK;jzifYoDaepOfwGif rjrpdrf;onf ausmufwkH;rsm;
Bum;rSausmufyef;av;rsm;ukd &SmazGcGm,laeav\/
] a[Y-tndKvmOD; }
rjrpdrf;\ac:oHaBumifY armifndKurjrpdrf;&Sd&mokdYvmcJYavonf/
rjrpdrf;u prf;acsmif;wpfae&mokdYvufndSK;xkd;jy&if;..
] [kdrSmvlwpfa,mufygvm;? 'Dvlukd&GmrSmwpfcgrSrjrifzl;ygbl; }
armifndKuvSrf;BunfYvkduf&m urf;pyfwpfae&mwGifxkdif&if; ig;rQm;aeonfY&efrsdK;Ekdifukd awGY
vkduf&av\/ &efrsdK;Ekdifonf ig;rQm;BudK;rSazmYwkH;av;ukdpkdufBunfYum jidrfoufaeayonf/ armifndK
ESifYrjrpdrf;teD;a&mufaeonfukdod[efrwlay/
] tJ'g uRefawmfajymwJU awmfvSefa&;orm;BuD;ukd &efrsdK;EdkifqkdwmaygYrrjr&JU }
] tkd-olvm; }
rjrpdrf;u twefBumpkdufBunfYaeao;onf/
ukd&efrsdK;EkdifuawmY ,ckxd owdxm;rd[efrwlao;ay/
] oGm;BuygpkdYtndK? vlwpdrf;a,musmf;av;&SdwJUae&mrSm aezkdYroifYawmfbl;? jyefBupkdY }
] aeygOD;rrjr? ukd&efrsdK;ekdifeJUrrjreJUrdwfqufay;r,f? tpfukdBuD;u rrjrpyfwJUoDcsif;ukd
BudKufw,fvdkY nuajymw,fAs? AsdKU-tpfukdBuD;? tpfukdBuD;&efrsdK;Ekdif }
] tkd-[JU? bmvkdYac:&wmvJ? rac:ygeJU? rrjr oleJU rodcsifygbl; }
rjrpdrf;\[efYwm;rSKuaemufusoGm;ayjyD/ &efrsdK;Ekdifonf armifndK\ac:oHaBumifYvSnfYBunfY
vdkuf\/ olonf csufcsif;yifxkdif&mrSxvmavonf/
] tndKuvJuG,f? bmvkdYac:vkduf&wmvJ }
rjrpdrf;onf olpdrf;a,musmf;om;rsm;ESifYrqufqHzl;ay&m.. &kd;om;vSaomawm&Gmolav;jzpf
onfYtwkdif; &efrsdK;EdkifESifY rsufESmcsif;qkdif&rnfukd &Sufukd;&Sufuef;jzpfaeav\/
&efrsdK;Ekdifutem;okdYa&mufvmavjyD/
] armifndK? {nfYonfvJygwmyJ? wefawmY 'g armifndKUtpfrrjrpdrf;qkdwmxifyg&JU }
&efrsdK;Edkifum; aejynfawmfrSvmaomjrdKYBuD;om;yDopGm &Jwif;pGmyifESKwfqufvdkufav\/
rjrpdrf;onf &SufpdwfjzifY acgif;ukdomikHYxm;rdavonf/ olrtrnfukd odaeonfYtwGufvJ
tHYBoaerdav\/
] [kwfw,ftpfukdBuD;? 'guRefawmfYrrjraygY }
] rjrpdrf;a&;wJUoDcsif;av;ukd armifndKqkdjyvdkYem;axmif&ygw,fAsm? wu,fYynm&Sifwpf
a,mufa&;ovdk em;axmifaumif;vSygw,f }
] tkd.. }
rjrpdrf;onf &SufjyD;&if;&Sufaeavonf/
] tndKuvJav? bmvkdYvlwumavQmufqkdjy&ovJ}
&Suf&SufESifYarmifndKUukdom zdtjypfajymvkdufav\/
] armifndKUukdqkdjyzkdY armifBuD;uyGJawmif;wmygESr&,f? oloDcsif;jiD;aeoHBum;vkdY armifBuD;u
tjynfYtpkHqkdjycdkif;wmyg}
] tkd-oDcsif;uraumif;ygbl;? uRefrysif;ysif;&SdvdkY avQmufpyfxm;wmyg? tvum;yg }
rjrpdrf;onf yxrqkH;taejzifY &efrsdK;Edkifukdr&Jw&J armfBunfYumajymvkdufavonf/
] tvdk? tysif;ajypyfwJYoDcsif;uvJ aumif;vScsnfvm;AsmwkdY? pdwfygvufygompyfqkd&ifjzifY
vSdKifxdyfacgifwifxufawmif ausmfBum;r,fxifyg&JU }
] tkd- ravSmifygeJU }
26
aqmif;vkvif
] avSmifwmr[kwfygbl;ESr&,f? ESrpyfwJUa&Tjynfpkd;oDcsif;av;aumif;aBumif;csD;rGef;rdwmyg }
] awmfygawmY&Sif? uRefroDv,lxm;ygw,f? OykofBuD;eJU oDcsif;taBumif;rajymyg&apeJU? jyef
BupkdYtndK }
] oDcsif;qkdwmrSr[kwfyJ? oDcsif;taBumif;ajym&kHeJUawmYOykofrusdK;ygbl;Asm }
] bmyJjzpfjzpf rajymwmaumif;ygw,f? 'geJU armifBuD;uaum OykofaeYrSmOykofrapmifY
bl;vm;? &SifYukdBunfY&wm ig;rQm;aewmxifw,f }
] [kwfygw,f? armifBuD;ig;rQm;aewmyg }
] OykofaeYrSmrsm; ig;rQm;&w,fvdkU&Sif? trsm;wum oDvjrJaewJUtcsdefrSm &Sifu olwpfyg;
toufukdowfaewmyJ }
] Asm }
&efrsdK;Ekdifonf rjrpdrf;\pGyfpGJpum;aBumifY w'*FrQ aBumiftoGm;av\/
] armifBuD;ig;rQm;wmu pdwfwnfjidrfrSK&atmif orm"d aqmufwnfaewmygESr }
] bm&SifY }
] 'Dvkdyg? ig;rQm;wHrSm ig;rd-rrdapmifYBunfUaecsdefrSm pdwfuwnfjidrfaeygw,f? ig;rQm;
wHqDrSmyJpdwfu&Sdaeygw,f? wjcm;ae&mukd pdwfrysHUvGifYawmYygbl;? tJ'Denf;eJU pdwfwnfjidrfrSK
&atmifavYusifYaewmyg }
] orm"d&atmifaqmufwnfwmuvJ olwpfyg;toufukdowfjyD;rSaqmufwnf&ovm;&SifY }
] tJ'Dvdkxif&if rSm;rSmaygYESr&,f? armifBuD;u ig;uav;awG ig;rQm;csdwfrSmrdvm&if
csdwfujzKwfjyD;jyefvTwfay;ygw,f }
] [if tkd-bmyJjzpfjzpf ig;av;awGukdtemw&awmY jzpfapwmyJ? &SifpdwfwnfjidrfrSK&csif&if
w&m;xkdifzkdYaumif;w,f&SifY? ckvdktcgBuD;&ufBuD;rSm OykofapmifYoifYwmaygU }
] armifBuD;u naewkdif&if umvom;av;awGukd ukd,fcHynmoifwef;ay;&ao;wmrkdY
OykofapmifYvdkUawmYrjzpfzl; ESra&? npmrpm;yJaevdkUrjzpfvdkUuGJU }
rjrpdrf;u ESKwfcrf;ukdrJUvdkufavonf/
] &Sif[mvlwpfrsdK;yJ? &SifYvdkvlrsdK; uRefrawmYrawGYbl;aygif? tndKa&? jyefBupkdYa[U?
eifrvdkufvJ rrjruawmY jyefESifYjyDa[Y }
rjrpdrf;uajymajymqkdqkdyif armifndKUukdrapmifYawmYyJ olwkdUa&SUuxGufvmcJUav\/
armifndKu rrjrpum;rsm;aBumifY &efrsdK;Ekdifukdtm;emaerdavonf/
&efrsdK;Ekdifurl rjrpdrf;xGufcGmoGm;onfukd aemufrS vSrf;BunfY&if;jyKH;aeavownf;/
27
aqmif;vkvif
avcsdKaoG;um___ taysmYqGJqGJw,f ___
tm;emwwf&if __ tm;ygvdrfYr,f ___
aBumifukd0rf;ESKwfaq; auR;rdovdk auR;rdovdk ___
aysmYaysmYav;eJUeHr,fUykHay:w,f ____
tpukd;kd;__ aemufawmYwpfrsdK;wkd;vkdY __
cspfjyefqkdyJ ___tykdcRJ
tkef;armif;acgufoHaBumifY armifndK vefYEkd;vmcsdefwGif vomrSeftdrftvif;a&mifatmuf
tdyf&mrSEkd;ESifUaeaom &efrsdK;EkdifukdawGYvdkuf&avonf/
armifndKonf tdyf&mxJrSvl;vJxvkdufav\/ uyd,BuD;onf tkef;armif;acgufjyD;onfxd
tdyf&mrSrEkd;ao;onfh ausmif;om;rsm;ukd ajcjzifYuefvkdufESdK;wwfavonf? uyd,BuD;ra&mufcif
armifndKtdyf&mrSxum a&tkd;pifokdYajy; rsufESmopfvdkufavonf/
a&mifeDysdKUcgp onftcsdefrsdK;onf tm&kPfqGrf;cHxGuf&onfYtcsdefjzpfayonf/
armifndKonf oydwfwpfvkH;ukdykduf ausmif;tjyifywGif wef;pDaeESifYaom ukd&ifESifYausmif;
om;rsm;&Sd&mokdY xGufcJUav\/
,Gef;AswfBuD;ESpfckukdqkdif;xm;onfY qkdif;xrf;BuD;ukdxrf;wef;pDaeonf Y&efrsdK;EkdifukdawGY
vdkuf&onfYtcg armifndK tHYBooGm;av\/
] [if-tpfukdBuD;? tpfukdBuD;u tmkHqGrf;cHvdkufrvdkYvm; }
] at;uG }
,cifaeYrsm;uqkdvQif tmkHqGrf;cHxGufcsdef &efrsdK;Ekdif tdyf&mrSrEkd;ao;acs/ ,aeYawmY
apmapmpD;pD;a&rdk;csdK;jyD;yif jzpfaeum tm&kHqGrf;cHvdkufOD;rnfwJU/
] 'DaeYupjyD; aeYwkdif; tm&kHqGrf;cHvdkufawmYr,f armifndK }
] bmjzpfvdkYvJtpfukdBuD; }
] taBumif;&SdvdkYaygYuG,f? [J.. [J .. }
&efrsdK;Ekdifu ajym&if;rS&,foGrf;aoG;vdkufav\/
&efrsdK;EkdifbmtaBumif;&Sdw,fqkdwmukd olBuD;tdrfa&SY a&mufrSyif armifndKodvdkuf&av\/
&efrsdK;Ekdifonf qGrf;qkdif;xrf;xrf;&olwdkYxkH;pHtwkdif; aemufqkH;rSvdkufyg&av\/
olBuD;tdrfa&SYta&mufwGif olBuD;orD;rjrpdrf;u qGrf;xGufavmif;avonf/ aemufqkH;rSvkduf
vmaomukd&efrsdK;Ekdifonf tawmfBumonfxd qGrf;cHtkyfpkaemufrSygrvmcJYacs/
armifndKuaemufokdYjyefvSnfYBunfYvdkuf&m.. &efrsdK;EkdifESifYrjrpdrf;wkdYpum;ajymaeonfukdawGY
vdkuf&av\/
&efrsdK;EdkiftaBumif;&SdvdkYqkdwm 'gygvm;/
olwkdYtcsif;csif;bmawGajymaeBuonfukdawmY armifndK rodEkdifygay/
xl;jcm;onfrSm rrjronf OykofaeYwkef;uvdkrsdK; rsufESmokefokefrSKefrSKefr[kwfyJ &Tif&Tifysys
&Sdaejcif;yif/ armifndK vSnfYBunfYvdkufcsdef ukd&efrsdK;Ekdifpum;ukdoabmusonfYozG,f &,farmae
onfukdyif awGYvdkuf&av\/
naeykdif; armifndKtdrfjyefawmY rjrpdrf;uajymonf/
] tndKUvlutvmBuD;yJa[Y? pum;ajym&mrSmvJ wu,faumif;wJUvlyJ }
] tpfukdBuD;&efrsdK;Edkifu rrjrukdbmawGajymoGm;vdkYvJ }
rjrpdrf;rsufeSmujyKH;aeavonf/
] [if-rrjr? tpfukdBuD;u bmajymvkdYvJ }
] tkd-wcsdKYpum;awG[m uav;oli,fawGodzkdY roifYygbl;uG,f? xm;vkdufygawmY }
28
aqmif;vkvif
twdwftaBumif;rsm;ukd jyefvnfawG;awmaeaom q&mawmfBuD;OD;P\ pdwftpOfonf
twdwfokdYtvsOfrjywfpD;qif;oGm;kHru.. rsufpdxJvnf; twdwfjzpf&yfrsm; xifxif&Sm;&Sm;jrifvm
&av\/
bkef;awmfBuD;\tBunfYrsm;onf ausmif;0if;wpfcGifvkH;qDokdY jzefYusufa&muf&SdoGm;jyef\/
jrifjriforQt&mrsm;qDwGif awmfvSefa&;&Jabmf&efrsdK;EdkifESifY rjrpdrf;wkdY\t&dyftaiGYrsm;u xif[yfae
qJygwnf;/
ausmif;tdkBuD;onfvnf; rsdK;cspfvli,frsm;ukdukd,fcHynmoifwef;ay;pOfu ausmif;taqmuf
tOD;BuD;yifjzpfay\/ ESpf&SnfcHopfyifBuD;rsm;um; &efrsdK;ekdifqkdaom rsdK;cspfawmfvSefa&;orm;BuD;ukd
rSwfrdaumif;rSwfrdayOD;rnf/
anmifndKyifBuD;atmufrS opfom;uGyfyspfuav;uvJ [kdpOfutwkdif;&SdaeqJ? OykofaeYwkdif;
rjrpdrf;wkdYom;trd tem;,lckdem;onfY uGyfyspfuav;yifjzpfavonf/
t&m&monf e*kdtwkdif;&Sdaeao;onfqkdaomfvJ tkdrif;jcif;ESifYa[mif;EGrf;jcif;wkdYu ae&m,l
cJYavjyD/ xkdpOfu touf8ESpft&G,f bkef;BuD;ausmif;om;av;armifndKonfyif ,cktcg ausmif;xkdif
bkef;awmfBuD;OD;Ptjzpf oufawmf65ESpf&SdaejyDr[kwfavm/ xkdumvu bkef;BuD;ausmif;BuD;
xJwGif ouf&SifvSKyf&Sm;cJUolrsm;xJ rdrdwpfOD;xJomusef&SdygawmYonf/
tjzpftysufwkdYjzpfysufcJhonfhtcsdefrsm;ukdvJ vuf&SdumvrSjyefvnfa&wGufaomf ESpfaygif;50
eD;yg;&SdacsjyD/
bkef;awmfBuD;\rsufvkH;tdrftwGif; &efrsdK;EkdifeSifYrjrpdrf;wkdY\oGifjyifrsm;ukdjrifa,mifaeqJ?
bkef;awmfBuD;\ ESvkH;tdrftwGif; cspfolESpfOD;\aBuuGJzG,ftjzpfoepfrsm;u &kdufcwfvSKyf&Sm;qJyg
wnf;/
q&mawmfBuD;OD;Ponf ckHwef;av;ay:wGifcsxm;aomrSwfwrf;BuDD;ukd ikHUBunfYvdkufav
onf/ q&mawmfBuD; jyefvnfawG;awmaeaomtjzpfoepfrsm;onf rSwfwrf;BuD;twGif; pmom;
rsm;tjzpf rSwfwrf;wifvQuf&Sdaeygonf/
&efrsdK;EkdifeSifYrjrpdrf;wkYd cspfolrsm;b0okdYa&muf&SdoGm;onfYtydkif;onf rSwfwrf;\okH;ykHwpfykH
om&Sdygao;onf/
armifndKwpfjzpfvJ q&mawmfOD;Ponf &efrsdK;EkdifESifYrjrpdrf;wkdYtjzpfoepfukd atmufygt
wkdif; qufvufrSwfwrf;wifxm;avonf/
ukd&efrsdK;Ekdifonf uREkfyfwkdYESifYtwl aeYpOftmkPfqGrf;cHvdkufcJU&m ol\tBuHtpnfukd uRekfyf

onfi,f&G,foljzpfonfYtm;avsmfpGm oabmraygufcJYacs/
aemufwpfBudrf vuG,fOykofaeYusa&mufcsdef rrjr OykofapmifY&ef ausmif;okdYa&mufvmrS
olwkdUtajctaerSefukd uREkfyfod&ayawmYonf/
rrjrESifY ukd&efrsdK;EdkifwkdYonfum; q,f&ufrQumvtwGif; orD;&nf;pm;rsm;jzpfcJUBujyDwnf;/
xkdtcgrSyif ukd&efrsdK;Edkifonf uREkfyfwkdYESifYtwlqGrf;cHvkduf&if;rS rrjrtm; &nf;pm;pmay;cJUonfukd
od&ayawmYonf/
uREkfyfnaewkdiftdrfjyefcsdef rrjrtrlt&mrsm;wpfrsdK; xl;jcm;aeonfukd xkdtcgrSuREkfyfvnf;
oabmaygufayawmY onf/
rrjronf olrESifYukd&efrsdK;EdkifwkdY\tjzpfrSefukduREkfyftm;ajymjyrxm;cJYay/ wefaqmifrkef;v
uG,fOykofaeYuscgrSyif od&jcif;jzpfawmY\/
aeYvnfcif;wGif rrjrESifYuREkfyfonf prf;acsmif;av; qDokdYyef;cl;&efxGufcJUav\/
xkdtcg prf;acsmif;ab;&yfapmifYaeaom ukd&efrsdK;EkdifukdawGYvdkuf&avonf/ ukd&efrsdK;Ekdif
onf ig;rQm;aejcif;r[kwfawmYyJ prf;acsmif;ab;&yfaejcif;jzpfav\/
tajctaeukdrodaomuREkfyfu ,ciftywfuvdkyif rrjrESifYukd&efrsdK;EdkifwkdYtjiif;yGm;Burnf
ukd pkd;&drfoGm;av\/
29
aqmif;vkvif
] tpfukdBuD;u ig;rrQm;awmYbl;ukd;? vm-rrjr? uRefawmfwkdY [kdatmufzufrSm ausmufyef;
av;awGoGm;&Sm&atmif }
trSefrSm uREkfyfonf rrjrESifYukd&efrsdK;Edkifpum;ajym jiif;ckef&efjzpfBurnfukdpkd;&drfum.. cGJxkwf
vdkufjcif;jzpfavonf/
] rif;[mrif; wpfa,mufxJom yef;oGm;cl;aeygawmYarmifndK? tpfukdBuD;eJUrjrpdrf;eJU 'Dae&m
rSmpum;ajym usefcJUr,fuGJU }
ukd&efrsdK;Edkifajympum;aBumifY uREkfyftHYBooGm;avonf/ rrjrukdvSnfYBunfYvdkuf&m acgif;ikHU
&if; &SufpEkd;jyKH;aeonfukd awGUvdkuf&av\/
] [kwfvm;rrjr? rrjreJUtpfukdBuD;eJUESpfa,mufxJ aecJUrvdkYvm; }
] tkduG,f? tndKuvJ }
rrjru bmrS,wdjywfjyefrajymyJ &Sufae&Smav\/
] ajymvkdufygjr&,f? jreJUarmifarmif ESpfa,mufxJawGY&r,fYtcGifYta&;u 'DvdkOykofaeYrsdK;yJ
&SdwmrkdY vGwfvGwfvyfvyfawGYyg&apvdkY? a[Y-armifndK? rif;oabmraygufao;bl;vm;uGJU? rifYrrjr
u tpfukdBuD;eJYpum;awG trsm;BuD;ajymcsifae&Smw,f }
] tkd-oGm;yg? pum;ajymcsifawGYcsifvGef;vdkY ylqmaewmub,folvJ? armifarmif[m wwfyJ
wwfEkdifw,f? 'DujzifY olYtvdkvkdufjyD;t&JpGefYvm&wmukd }
rrjrESifYukd&efrsdK;EkdifwkdY\ ajymif;vJaeaompum;tokH;tESKef;rsm;aBumifY uREkfyfrSmtHYBojyD;&if;
tHYBo&if;jzpfae&awmYonf/
] 'gyJ? tndKvlBuD;awGukdjyefrwkdifatmif ukd,fY[mukd,f vmbfxdk;xm; }
] armifndKav;u jyefrwkdifygbl;? [kwfw,fr[kwfvm;uGJYarmifndK? rif;u tpfukdBuD;ukd
tpfukd&if;wpfa,mufvdkcspfwmr[kwfvm;uGJU }
] BunfYygvm;? pum;u wwfvdkufwm? jrdKUBuD;om;&,fvdkYrajym&bl; }
uREkfyfukdwkdifwnfajymaeBujcif;jzpfaomfvJ 4if;wkdYtcsif;csif; cspfBunfp,fonfYpum;rsm;
ygwum;/ xkdtcgrSyif uREkfyfvnf;oabmaygufrdayawmY\/
] [kwfuJU? uRefawmfvlBuD;awGukdvJjyefrwkdifygbl;? ckvJ ta0;ukdroGm;ygbl;? a[m[kdem;u
awmpyfrSmxkdif apmifYaeygYr,f? 'grS 'Dzufukdvlvm&if tcsufay;vdkY&rSmav? tpfukdBuD;eJUrrjr
pum;at;at;aq;aq;ajymBuyg }
] BunfYprf;? odyfawmfwJUa,mufzav;yJ }
] tkd-awmfprf;yg? uav;a&SYrSm }
uREkfyfonf cspfoleSpfOD;cspfBunfp,faeonfYae&mrS tvdkufwoda&SmifxGufcJUavawmYonf/
uREkfyfonf &[ef;wpfyg;jzpfonfYtm;avsmfpGm ykxkZOfvlom;wkdY\ cspfol&nf;pm;b0

taBumif;ukd tao;pdwf rSwfwrf;rwifvdkawmYygay/
ukd&efrsdK;EkdifESifYrrrjrpdrf;wkdYtcspfum; tcspf&mZ0ifwGif uAnf;wifxm;aom udE&DudE&m
tcspfxufravsmYenf;[lom twkdcsKyfqkdcsifygawmYonf/
uREkfyfonfum; olwkdYcspfolESpfOD;\ atmifoG,fawmfvnf;jzpfcJUonf/ zl;pm;a&;ewfvnf;jzpf
cJYonf/ jrSm;ewfarmifvnf;jzpfcJYavonf/
cspfolESpfOD;wkdY\awGYqkHcGifYum; wpfywfjcm;rSwpfcg usa&mufaom.. vjynfYvuG,fOykofaeY
omjzpfav\/ xkdtcg tmkPfqGrf;cHxGuf&if; eHeufwkdif; wpfa,mufrsufeSmwpfa,muf acw
qkHqnf;jrifawGY&if;jzifYom aBueyfESpfodrfY&avonf/
tm&kPfwuftcsdefwGif pum;0atmifajymqkdcGifYr&ay&m wpfa,mufESifYwpfa,muf pmtapmif
apmiftjyeftvSefyg;&mvnf; uREkfyfyiftusdK;aqmifay;cJU&av\/
,if;okdYjzifY ukd&efrsdK;EkdifuREkfyfwkdY&GmokdYa&mufvmcJYonfrSm ajcmufvBumjrifYcsdefokdYa&mufvmcJU
av\/
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30
aqmif;vkvif
&Sd&m.. &GmcHvli,fwkdYonfvnf; ynmtwefyifjynfYpkHvQuf&SdayjyD/
ukd&efrsdK;EkdifarQmfrSef;xm;aom awmfvSefa&;umvonfvnf; wpwpeD;uyfvmcJUavjyD/
&Hzef&HcgwGif nBuD;oef;aumif vlwpfOD;p?ESpfOD;ponf ukd&efrsdK;EkdifxHokdY vQdKU0SufpGm
a&mufvmwwfavonf/ xkdtcgrsm; ukd&efrsdK;EkdifESifYvlpdrf;{nfYonfwkdYonf apwDy&0kPftwGif;
wD;wkd;wkdifyifBuonfukdawGU&av\/ vQdKU0SufpGma&mufvmolrsm;um; rnfonfYtcgrS ntdyf
wnf;ckdjcif;r&Sday/ ukd&efrsdK;ekdifESifYwkdifyifaqG;aEG;jyD;onfESifY vQdKU0SufwdwfqdwfpGm jyefvnfxGufcGm
oGm;wwfav\/ olwkdYaqG;aEG;wkdifyifaepOf uyd,BuD;OD;oHcJuywf0ef;usifukd apmifYBuyfay;av
onf/
xkdtjzpfrsm;ukd tjcm;aomausmif;om;rsm;ESifYukd&ifi,frsm;rod&SdBuacs/ uREkfyfom ausmif;
atmufxyf ukd&efrsdK;EkdifeSifYtwlaeoljzpfod&jcif;jzpfayonf/
] t*FvdyfrdpmawGukdawmfvSefzkdYtcsdef[m odyfeD;uyfvmjyDDuGJU? okdYaomf tpfukdBuD;wkdY tBuH
tpnfukdb,folrSodvdkYrjzpfzl;? onfawmY armifndKuvJ tpfukdBuD;eJUolvQdKawGawGYqkHwJYtaBumif;
ukd b,folrSrodatmifESKwfvkHzkdUvdkw,f }
] pdwfcsygtpfukdBuD;? uRefawmfem;vnfygw,f }
] rifYrrjrukdawmifrodapeJUuGJU? ppfa&;ppf&mqkdwm odyfy&d,m,fBuG,fw,f? owif;ayguf
Bum;vdkYrjzpfzl;? vQdKU0SufEkdifrSawmfumusw,f }
] [kwfuJUygtpfukdBuD; }
ewfpnfi,fav___ ykZGefYvufr&kd;tmvr&m
ausmf0Sef;oH0g__ aqmf,Grf;nHpmpm ___
wdrf,Htmum eDvmjyifqkdif; oifwkdif;jcKH&Sm___
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a0qm ocGwfjzLyifrif; aiGtqif;yGifYcsdefrSm___
tol&m a'goxGufvdkY jrif;rkd&fxufukdwufvdkY__ppfzufwJYtcg___
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t&mr[kwfay/
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yifqdyf&Gm\olBuD;rif; OD;pufa&mifukdvnf; xkdudpESifYywfoufzdtm;ay;cJYavonf/
uREkfyfonf olBuD;rif;tdrfokdYaeYpOf0ifxGufaeoljzpfay&m.. olBuD;rif;onf ukd&efrsdK;Edkif
a&mufvmuwnf;uyif xkdudpESifYywfouf BunfjzLrSKr&SdaBumif; odcJY&jyD;jzpfayonf/ wpf&GmvkH;
tav;xm;aBumuf&GHU&aom q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;t&dyfatmufwGifjzpfae rajymomyJvufykdufBunfY
ae&jcif;jzpfavonf/
tpkd;&u pkHprf;wifjy&ef zdtm;ay;vmcsdefESifYwjydKifxJ? vlowif;vlcsif;aqmifqkdouJUokdY
ukd&efrsdK;EkdifeSifYrjrpdrf;wkdY\owif;onfvnf; olBuD;rif;em;okdYaygufBum;cJJYjyD;jzpfav\/ OD;pufa&mif
onf rsdK;&kd;Zmwdrodaom olykefoluefwpfa,mufukd arwmrQ&ygrnfavm[k orD;jzpfoltay:
,rf;ykHrD;us a'goxGufvQuf&Sdav\/
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OD;pufa&mifa&muf&Sdvmcsdefonf naecif;tcsdefjzpf&m ukd,fcHynmoif&ef wzGJzGJa&mufvmBu
31
aqmif;vkvif
aom umvom;rsm;ESifY ausmif;wGifqkHrdBuav\/
ESpfvkH;jyL;aoewfBuD;ukdvG,fxm;aom OD;pufa&mifu umvom;rsm;ukd rsufapmif;BuD;cJ
BunfY&if; ausmif;avSum;ay:okdYwufoGm;avonf/
] [JU- indK? vmprf; }
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pufa&mif&Sd&mokdYajy;oGm;vkdufavonf/
] &efrsdK;Edkifqkdwmb,faumifvJuGJU? igYjyprf; }
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uHaumif;axmufrpGmyif ukd&efrsdK;Edkifonf ukd,fcHynmavYusifYonfYuGif;jyifxJ &Sdraeygacs?
aemufrSod&onfrSm olBuD;rif;vmonfukdod prf;acsmif;av;&Sd&m vQdKxJokdYa&SmifxGufoGm;jcif;jzpf
avonf/
] ckeujrifrdygw,f? tckrawGYawmYbl;bb }
] 'Dtaumif 'DrSmbmvmvkyfovJ }
] okdif;oifay;w,fqkdvm;bmvm;? tvum;ygbb&,f? olrsm;omoifay;aewm? olukd,f
wkdifawmif [kwf[kwfjim;jim;rwwfygbl; }
uREkfyfu olBuD;rif;oabmusap&ef rkom;okH;ajymvkdufav\/
] 'DtaumifeJU rif;eJUr&if;eSD;bl;vm;uGJU }
] [ifYtif;bb? uRefawmfawmY 'DvlBuD;ukdBunfYr&vdkY cyfuif;uif;aewmyJ? olwkdYvkyf
wJUBurf;Burf;wrf;wrf;tvkyfawGvJ rBudKufygbl;? ukd,fYpmukd,fyJusufaewmygbb }
] at;-at;-vdrfvdrfrmrmae? 'DtaumifYtaBumif;awG rif;ukdpkHprf;cdkif;&OD;r,f? ig q&m
awmfBuD;eJYoGm;awGUOD;ra[Y }
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OD;pufa&mifaemufrS cyf&kdY&kdUjzifYwufvdkufcJUav\/
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] bk&mU }
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] w,f? igYausmif;ay:ukd vlowfvufeufBuD;vG,fjyD; wufvm&ovm;[Jh ipufa&mif&JU?
rif;aoewfBuD; wcg;tjyifrSmcsxm;cJYprf; }
] wifygYbk&mY }
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uREkfyfvnf; tajctaeukdod&&ef avSum;xdyfrSyif q&mawmfBuD;tm;vuftkyfcsD&if; xkdif
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] bmvmvkyfowkH;pufa&mif }
] wifygYbk&m;? bbkef;&JUausmif;rSm &Gmuumvom;awG ppfoifwef;wufaeBuovdkvdk
owif;Bum;vdkYygbk&m; }
] tJ'gbmjzpfowkH; }
] wynfYawmfukd tpkd;&uwm0efay;vdkYygbk&m;? tpkd;&ukd ykefuefjcm;em;wmrsdK;jzpfrSmpkd;vdkY
penf;emwmygbk&mY }
] [JY-pufa&mif? ppfoifwef;ay;w,fvdkY eifYb,folajymwkef; }
32
aqmif;vkvif
] 'DvdkyJ? Bum;wmyJbk&m; }
] uav;awG okdif;ynm?vufa0SYynmrsm;avUusifYaeBuwmyguG,f? rif;tpkd;&uvJ aBumuf
wwfvScsnfvm;[JU? rif;wkdYrSm aoewfvufeufawG&Sdw,fr[kwfvm;? rif;ukdawmif wpfvufay;
xm;ao;wmyJ? 'Duav;awGrSm bmvufeufrS r&Sdbl;? bmvdkY'gavmufaBumufae&ovJ }
] wpfjrdKUwpf&GmuvmwJU &efrsdK;EkdifqkdwJUtaumif[m 'vQdK'vHjzpfEkdifygw,fbk&mY }
] 'vQdKjzpfawmYbmjzpfowkH;? rw&m;tkyfcsKyfaewJU jAdwdoQtpkd;&ukdawmfvSefzkdY 'vQdKjzpf
&wmyJ? aumif;awmifaumif;ao;w,f? rif;jrefrmvlrsdK;r[kwfzl;vm;? jrefrmvli,fawG olYuRefb0
uvGwfatmifBuHaqmifwmukd 0rf;awmifom&OD;r,f? jrefrmjzpf&ufeJU jrefrmvlrsdK;zufu*kPfr,l
wwfawmYbl;vm;[JUipufa&mif }
] 'gawmY'gaygUbk&mY? 'gaywJU tkyfcsKyfoltpdk;&ukd *vef*qefvkyf&ifawmY rif;jypfrif;'Pf
oifY&ygvdrfYr,f }
] wdwfprf;? trsdK;zsufaumif? rif;u a&TpvG,fav;wpfck&wmeJU ociftm;&uRefyg;0
vkyfcsifw,faygYav? rifYocifawGukdajymvkdufprf;? owd&Sd&if igYausmif;xJukdvmzrf;vSnfYvdkU }
OD;pufa&mifrSm bkef;BuD;ukdaBumufaBumufESifYbmrS xyfravQmuf0HYatmifjzpfaeav\/
] rif;vJowdxm;? wjcm;ae&mrSmom rif;olBuD;tmPmukdjycsifjy? igYausmif;xJrSmvmrvkyfeJU?
oGm;- rif;vJjyefawmY }
bkef;BuD;uESifvTwfvdkuf&m OD;pufa&mifonfapm'urwuf0HYawmYyJ bkef;BuD;ukdOD;csjyD;
vSnfYxGufcJU&av\/
OD;pufa&mifonf &GmOD;bkef;awmfBuD;\BoZmukdrvGefqefEkdif acgif;ikHUjyefvm&aomfjim;..

olwm0ef&SdonfYtvkyfukdawmY rysufruGufvkyfaqmifcJUonfyif/
txuft&m&Sdrsm;xH &efrsdK;Ekdif\owif;ukday;ykdYcJUonf/
rdrd\ukd,fa&;ukd,fwmtaejzifYvnf; &efrsdK;EdkifeSifY arwmrQaeonfY orD;jzpfolukd tdrfrS
rxGuf&atmifcsKyfcs,fxm;vkdufavonf/ rjrpdrf;onf OykofaeYwGif bkef;BuD;ausmif;okdY oGm;cGifYr&
awmYay/ 'gwGifru reufapmapm tmkPfqGrf;ukdyif udk,fwkdifukd,fusxGufavmif;cGifY r&Sdyg
avawmY/
tmkPfqGrf;cHxGufonfYtzGJUESifYtwl &efrsdK;edkifygvmwwfaBumif;ukdyif olBuD;OD;pufa&mifu
owif;&jyD;avjyD/
ukd&efrsdK;EkdifeSifYrrjrwkdYonf rsufESmcsif;qkdifawGYcGifY qkH;&SHK;oGm;&avjyDwnf;/
vlcsif;uawmY uREkfyfrSwpfqifYpma&;om;qufoG,fcGifY &Sdae tquftoG,frjywfay/
uREkfyfonf rjrpdrf;wkdYtdrfokdY toGm;tvmrysuf quf oGm;aeEdkifayonf/
uREkfyfonf&efrsdK;EdkifESifYuREkfyfuif;&Sif;aBumif;ukd Oyg,fwrsOfjzifY olBuD;rif;,kHBunf&efvnf;
BuHaqmif&avonf/ olBuD;rif;tm; owif;rSm;rsm;ay; ukd&efrsdK;ekdiftm; txiftjrifao;&ef vkyf
aqmifcJUjcif;yif/
wpfaeYo uREkfyfonf naecif;tcsdefwGif rjrpdrf;wkdYtdrfokdYvmcJU&m 0g;ywvm;av;ay:wGif
acgif;tyf ikd&SdKufae&SmaomrrjrukdawGYvdkuf&av\/
] [if-rrjr? bmjzpfvdkYvJ[if }
rrjru rsuf&nfrsm;Bum;rSacgif;armfBunfYvdkufum] ukd,fusdK;awGawmYenf;ukefygjyDtndK&,f }
] bmjzpfwmvJ? uRefawmfYukdajymygOD; }
] rrjrukd tdrfua,musmf;ay;pm;awmYr,fuGJU }
] [if-b,foleJUvJ }
] ukdbvStkef;eJUwJU }
] ukdbvStkef; }
33
aqmif;vkvif
emrnfukdBum;onfESifY uREkfyfrsufpdxJwGif ausmufaygufrmAvAspfESifY tqDjyefaeaomrsufESm
BuD;wpfckukd jrifa,mifvmavonf/
bvStkef;qkdolrSm pyg;yGJpm;jzpf ol\ukd,fykdifarmfawmfav;eSifY &GmukdrBumcPa&mufvm
wwfoljzpfonf/ &Gmukdvmwkdif; olBuD;tdrfrSmyifpwnf;csavY&Sdonf/ olaiGBudKay;xm;aom pyg;
rsm;ukdvnf; olBuD;\pyg;usDxJacwavSmifxm;um pufavSBuD;jzifYpkaygif;o,f,lavY&Sday\/
bvStkef;onf t*Fvdyfpmvnf;aumif;aumif;wwfol jzpfonf/ t*Fvdyfrsm;xHcsOf;uyfum
t*FvdyfppfwyftwGuf qefrsm;ay;oGif;aeolvnf;jzpfav\/ t*Fvdyft&m&Sdrsm;\ rsufESmomay;
jcif;cH&oljzpfavonf/ tawmfyifvl&nfvnfaomjrdKYBuD;om;wpfa,mufjzpfygonf/
] [if-tJ'DvlBuD;eJUrrjrukday;pm;rvdkY }
] [kwfw,f? rrjrukdu,fygOD;uG,f? armifarmifYukd odyfawGYcsifwmyJ }
] tpfukdBuD;ukduRefawmfajymjyvdkufygr,f? rrjr tpfukdBuD;aemufukd wpfcgxJvdkufoGm;yg
vm;[if }
rrjronf rsuf&nfrsm;Bum;rSawGa0oGm;av\/
] olYrSmawmfvSefa&;twGuf wm0efawGuvJ&Sdao;w,fuGJU? rrjrtwGufeJU olY&nf&G,fcsufukd
rysufapcsifygbl;uG,f? at;av.. rjzpfomawmYvJ vkdufoifYvdkuf&awmYrSmaygU? ukdbvStkef;
ukdawmY rrjrb,fenf;eJUrSr,lEkdifbl; }
] uRefawmftckyJ tpfukdBuD;ukdoGm;ajymvkdufawmYr,frrjr }
nykdif;wGif uREkfyfu rrjrtm;ukdbvStkef;eSifYay;pm;&efpDpOfaeonfYtaBumif;ukd ukd&efrsdK;edkif

tm;wD;wkd;ajymjyvkdufav\/
] tvdk? jruav;awmY awmfawmfpdwfqif;&Jaer,f xifygU? wkdYESpfa,mufrawGU&wmvJBumjyD?
bJUeJUvkyf&ygY }
] rrjrukdcdk;ajy;ygvm;tpfukdBuD; }
ukd&efrsdK;Edkif\rsufESmonf tawG;jzifYwnfoGm;av \/
] jruav;eJUawmU tvGJrcHEkdifwm{uefyJuG,f? tpfukdBuD;rSm awmfvSefa&;twGufwm0efawGu
&Sdao;awmYcufwmyJ? bmyJjzpfjzpf jruav;eJUawGYjyD;wkdifyifrSjzpfawmYr,f? armifndK jruav;u
olYtdrfrSm b,fae&mrSmtdyfovJuGJU }
] tpfukdBuD;bmvkyfrvdkYvJ }
] awGYcsifvdkUaygUuG,f? wkdYESpfa,mufrawGY&wmBumjyDav? olUukdtjyifxGufcGifYray;awmY ol
&Sd&mpGefYpm;oGm;&awmYrSmaygUuGJU }
] rrjru tdrfay:xyfrSmaewmtpfukdBuD;&JU? bbeJUBuD;BuD;u atmufxyfrSmtdyfBuwm? Tdrf
ay:xdatmif tpfukdBuD;b,fvdkwufrvJ }
&efrsdK;Ekdifu uREkfyf\pum;ukdjyKH;vkdufav\/
] vlBuD;awGeJU wjcm;pDaew,fqkdawmY ykdjyD;awmif vG,fwmaygUuGJU? tpfukdBuD;BunfYpDpOfygOD;
r,fuG,f? igYnDuom jruav;ukd [kdvleJUudptcsdefqGJxm;zkdYajymay;yg }
] tJ'gawmYpdwfcstpfukdBuD;? rrjru bvStkef;qkdwJUvlBuD;ukd wpfpufrSBunfY&wmr[kwfzl;?
uRefawmfYukdawmif ajymvkdufao;w,f? bvStkef;eJUtwif;ay;pm;&if ukd,fYukdukd,f owfaoypfvdkuf
rSmwJU }
] aBomf.. jruav;&,f }
ukd&efrsdK;Ekdifonf xkdnu nwGif;csif;yif rjrpdrf;wkdUtdrfteD;okdYoGm;um penf;emcJYonfukd

uREkfyfrodcJUacs? &efrsdK;ekdifu noef;aumiftcsdefwGif olBuD;tdrfteD;okdY oGm;um tdrfywfywfvnf&Sd
taetxm;rsm;ukd oGm;a&mufrSwfom; BunfY&SKcJUav\/
aemufwpfaeYaeYvnf rjrpdrf;eSifYawGYqkH&ef uREkfyfESifYajymqkdwkdifyifonfYtcgrSyif uREkfyfod&
avawmYonf/
34
aqmif;vkvif
] nu jruav;wkdYtdrftaetxm;ukd tpfukdBuD; oGm;BunfYjyD;jyDarmifndK&JU }
] [if-tpfukdBuD; b,ftcsdefoGm;vkdufwmvJ }
] noef;aumifaygUuG,f? jruav;wkdYtdrfu wpftdrfxJjcHus,fBuD;xJrSm&SdwmqkdawmU 0if&
wm vG,fygvdrfYr,f }
] b,fvdk0ifrvJtpfukdBuD;&JU? rrjru tckqkd tay:uae atmufukdqif;&wmr[kwfzl;?
jyD;awmY bbrSm aoewf&Sdw,faemf }
] tpfukdBuD;a,musmf;yguG,f? tpfukdBuD;tpDtpOfrSm armifndKuomulnDay;yg? jzpfajrmuf&
rSmaygU }
] b,fvdkulnD&rSmvJtpfukdBuD; }
] jcHxJrSmrusD;yifBuD;wpfyiftpfukdBuD;awGYcJUw,fuGJU? tdrf&JUaemufzufrSmav }
] [kwfw,fav? rusD;yifBuD;&Sdw,f }
] rusD;yifBuD;&JUtukdif;[m tdrfay:xyfujywif;aygufwpfaygufem;ukd ukdif;usaewmawGUcJU
w,f? tdrfay:xyfrSm jruav;wpfa,mufxJaewm aocsm&JUr[kwfvm;}
] aocsmygw,ftpfukdBuD;? aemufjyD; ukdif;usaewJU opfyifukdif;em;ujywif;ayguf[m rrjr
aewJUtcef;jywif;ayguftpfukdBuD;&JU }
] tcefYoifYvdkufavuG,f? opfukdif;uaetwGif;ukd 0if&kHyJ }
] [if- jcH0if;xJa&mufatmif tpfukdBuD;b,fvdkoGm;rSmvJ }
] a,musmf;ygqkdrSuG,f? armifndKuomulnDay; }
] 'gqkdajymygawmY? uRefawmfbmvkyfay;&rvJ }
] 'DuaeYnae rjrpdrf;wkdYtdrfukdoGm;&if rif;ausmif; ukdjyefrvmeJUuG,f }
] [if }
] rjrpdrf;wkdYtdrfuae jyefcsifa,mifaqmifjyD; rjrpdrf; tcef;xJrSmrif;ykef;aevdkuf }
] jyeffcsifa,mifaqmifwmuvG,fygw,f? aemufaz;u tpfrwkdYtdrfoGm;ovkdvdkeJU vlBuD;awG
rsufpdvSnfYjyD;aevdkuf&if uRefawmfjyefrjyef olwkdYrodEkdifawmYygbl;? 'gayr,fY tpfukdBuD;? nykdif;
bk&m;0wfwufawmY uRefawmf ausmif;rSmr&Sdwm bbkef;eJUuyd,BuD;uodoGm;rSmaygY }
] 'gtpfukdBuD;wm0efxm;yg? rif;ukdudpwpfckeJUwpfae&mvTwfvdkufw,fvdkY uyd,BuD;ukdBudK
ajymxm;ay;r,f? tpfukdBuD;cdkif;wmqkd&if uyd,BuD;u armifndKUukdrqlygbl; }
] uRefawmfu rrjrtcef;xJrSmykef;aejyD; bmvkyf&rSmvJtpfukdBuD; }
] tpfukdBuD;vmvkdY&wJUtcsdefus&if tcsufjyaygUuGJU? jruav;udkvJ tpfukdBuD;vm
r,fYtaBumif;BudKajymxm; }
uRekfyfrSm ukd&efrsdK;Edkif\tpDtpOfaBumifY &ifrsm;yif vSdKufzkdvmav\/
] tpfukdBuD;vmvkdY&r,fYtcsdefqkd&if noef;aumif vlajcwdwfcsdefxdapmifU&rSmaygY? tpfukdBuD;
u rusD;yifay:uaeckeful;vmrSmvm;? jzpfygYrvm;tpfukdBuD; }
] bmvkdYrjzpf&rSmvJuG,f? 'gtao;tzGJyg }
] uRefawmfutpfukdBuD;ukd b,fvdktcsufjy&rSmvJ}
] tpfukdBuD;tdrfaemufaz;jcHpyfukd a&mufaeESifYr,f? armifndKtoHjyKvkdufwmeJU jcHpnf;&kd;ukd
ausmf0ifcJUr,f? b,fvdktcsufjy&rvJqkdawmY .. }
ukd&efrsdK;Ekdifu acwpOf;pm;aeavonf/
] a&Tjynfpkd;iSufuav;atmfovdkatmfvkdufaygUuGJU? jruav;&JUoDcsif;xJutwkdif;av? a&Tjynf
pkd;iSufatmfoHrsdK; atmfwwfw,fr[kwfvm; }
] a&Tjynfpkd;.. a&Tjynfpkd;.. a&Tjynfpkd;.. }
uREkfyfuvufawGYatmfjyvdkufav\/
] armifndKuodyfawmfwmyJa[Y? wu,fYa&Tjynfpkd;iSufuav;atmfwJUtwkdif;yJ }
35
aqmif;vkvif
tcspfukd,kHpm;ckefBuzG,f__ jrif;rkd&fa&TawmifvkH;__
wkH;avmufxifw,f__ rkd; pGefxufzsm;odBum;xH__
Bu,fysHukdvdkao; armif,lay;r,f__
cspfwmolluy"meyJwJU &moufwkdif&G,f rcGm&ufEkdif w,f__
tkdb,fY rrkef;Ekdif rrkef;Edkif___
uyfvkH;qkH;wkdifwkdif__ tkH;vSdKifaBumoOmv,f__
tcspfyifv,faBumtwl__ ESpfoG,farsmrl __
q,faomolrkef;vdrfYr,f____
naeykdif; rrjrwkdYtdrfokdYuREkfyfoGm;a&muf&m tdrfatmufxyfwGif olBuD;eSifYxkdifpum;ajymae
aom bvStkef;ukdawGYvkduf&av\/
bvStkef;onf jrefrmvli,frsm;xm;avY&SdaomqHyif&Snfa&mifxkH;ESifYr[kwfacs/ t*FvdyfvlrsdK;
rsm;ukdtm;usum bkdauwkdwkdnSyfxm;avonf/ qHyifukdvJ tkef;qDr[kwfaom t*Fvdyfacgif;vdrf;qD
rsm;vdrf;xm;&m ajymifacsmaeav\/ t*Fvdyfacgif;vdrf;qDteHUpl;pl;BuD;ukd ta0;uyif&aeav\/
olonf t*FvdyfvlrsdK;ukd awmfawmftxifBuD;ykH&onf/ ykqkd;0wfxm;aomfvnf; ykqkd;ay:wGif
t*Fvdyfrsm;uJYokdY cg;ywfBuD;ywfxm;av\/ ajcvJajcnSyfzdeyfrpD;yJ uREfkyfwkdY t&yfom;rsm;u
]]bkd;zdeyf}}-[kac:aom bGwfzdeyfukdpD;xm;avonf/ cg;vJaoewfwpfvufukdvljrifatmif csdwf
xm;av\/ olum; t*Fvdyfppfwyfukd&dumay;oGif;aeolwpfa,mufrkdY aoewfukdifaqmifcGifU&&Sdae
jcif;jzpfavonf/
uREkfyftdrfxJ0ifoGm;csdefwGif bvStkef;onf ukvm;xkdkifwGifajccsdwfxkdifum pD;u&uf[kac:
aom bkdrsm;aomufonfYaq;vdyfjzLjzLao;ao;av;ukdcJvQuf&Sdav\/ olBuD;ESifYpum;vufqkHusae
jcif;jzpfavonf/
uREkfyfonf tdrfay:okdYwef;wufroGm;ao;yJ olwkdYESifYrvSrf;rurf;wGif a,mifvnfvnfESifY
&yfaevdkufav\/ olwkdYtjrifwGif uREkfyfrSmuav;wpfa,mufrkdY ajymvufppum;ukd trQifrjywf
qufajymaeavonf/
uREkfyfem;axmifBunfYonfUtcg rjrpdrf;ESifYbvStkef;wkdU\ r*Fvmudpukd wkdifyifaejcif;jzpf
aBumif; odvdkuf&avonf/
] pyg;ay:csdefus&ifawmU r*FvmaqmifvkdufcsifygjyD olBuD;? uRefawmfeJUrjrpdrf;r*Fvmaqmif
ukd 'De,fw&kd;rSm olrsm;eJUrwlatmif jcdrfYjcdrfYoJoJBuD;vkyfr,fAsdKU? qif;&Jom;? v,fulvD?wHigonf
rusefzdwfjyD; xrif;a&acsmif;pD; auR;ypfvdkufr,f olBuD;a& }
bvStkef;pum;aBumifY olBuD;rsufemrSm jyKH;jzD;jzD;BuD; jzpfaeavonf/
uREkfyfum; bvStkef;ukdrkef;wD;pGmBunfYvdkufrdavonf/ acwfqefatmif0wfpm;xm;aomf
vnf; ol\rnf;eufajymifacsmaomtom;t&nfESifY t0wftpm;rsm;um; rvdkufzufygay/ rsufESm
BuD;uvJ ausmufaygufrmxlvAspfESifY tqDw0if;0if;awmufae&m uREkfyf\tpfukdBuD;&efrsdK;Edkif
\a,musmf;yDocefUacsmykHESifUum; wpfjcm;pDyifjzpfavawmY\/
] usKyforD;av; armifeJUpkHzuf&rSmjzifY tcefYoifYvkdufavuG,f? orD;wpfaumifEGm;wpfaxmif
qkdovdk usKyfrSm 'DorD;wpfa,muftwGufylyefae&wmuvm;? Bum;xJ olykefoluefvdkvdkaumifeJU
bmvdkvdk&SdvdkUpkd;&drfvdkuf&ao;wmuvm;? ckawmU olYtwGufpdwfat;&ygjyDav }
] &efrsdK;EkdifqkdwJUaumifvm;? BunfY&wm rkdufuef;uef;b0ifjrifYjrifYaumifrsdK;xifyg&JU? jrdKUrSm
aezl;wmeJU awmu umvom;awGBum;xJvmjyD; [efvkyfaexifyg&JU olBuD;&,f }
] olu &Gmuuav;awGukd ukd,fcHynmawGoifay;qkdyJ? usKyfvJbkef;BuD;&SdaewmeJU rajym
omvdkUBunfYae&w,f }
] 'grsm; bmcufvkdUvJolBuD;&,f? t*Fvdyfwyfukd taBumif;Bum;vkdufaygY? wyfu vmzrf;
36
aqmif;vkvif
ygvdrfYr,f }
] t*Fvdyftpkd;&upenf;emckdif;vdkU usKyfpkHprf;jyD;ygjyD? armifajymovkd [efomrsm;aewm?
tjzpf&Sdwmr[kwfvdkU usKyf vJat;at;BunfYaevkdufwmyg }
]tpkd;&ukdawmY 'DaumifYowif;ay;rSjzpfr,folBuD;&JU }
] ay;rSmyg? 'Dvukef usKyf jrdKU&kH;wufwJUtcg tpD&ifcHygUr,f }
] uRefawmfeJUrjrpdrf;udpukdrsm; aESmuf,SufaeOD;rvm; rodbl;? &SKyfygw,fav? wyfuAkdvfrSL;
ukd ajymjyD; 'DaumifYukd zrf;csKyfxm;wmat;ygw,f }
] 'gqkdvJvkyfavuG,f? armifut*FvdyfAkdvfawGeJU ykvJeHyoifYwJYolqkdawmY ajymvkduf&kHeJUjzpf
ygw,f }
uREkfyfonf ukd&efrsdK;Ekdifukdzrf;csKyfrnfqkd pkd;&drfylyefoGm;avonf/ xkdowif;ukdcsufcsif;yif
ajy;ajymvkdufcsif\/
ukd&efrsdK;EkdifrrjrukdwdwfwqdwfvmawGYrnfrSm ,cknyifjzpfavonf/ rrjrukdwygxJcdk;oGm;
zkdY wkdufwGef;zkdYvdku wkdufwGef;&ayawmYrnf/
uREkfyfonf ra,mifrvnfESifY tay:xyfokdYwufcJUavawmU\/
tay:xyfwGif rrjrtm; jywif;aygufab;xkdif ai;aeonfukdawGY&avonf/ uREkfyftem;
okdYa&mufvmonfukdyif rrjrurjrifay/ rrjronf jrpfxJrS&SKcif;rsm;ukd jywif;ayguf ab;xkdif&if;
ai;BunfYae[ef&Sdayonf/ okdYaomf rrjr\jrifuGif;wGif jrpf&SKcif;onfay:xifaernfr[kwfonfukd
uREkfyfodaeay\/ rrjronf pdwfysuftm;i,fpGm ai;rdai;&m ai;armaejcif;omjzpfawmY\/
] rrjr }
uREkfyftoHjyKvdkufrSyif rrjruqwfueJvSnfYBunfY vdkufav\/
] tndK? vefUoGm;wmyJuG,f }
] rrjrbmawGawG;aewmvJ[if }
] 'DvdkyJaygUuG,f }
] uRefawmfodygw,f? bvStkef;BuD;a&mufaevdkYrrjr pdwfnpfaewmr[kwfvm; }
] ajymp&mvdkao;ovm;tndK&,f? rrjr'DvlBuD;ukd odyf&GHwmyJuG,f }
] tif;av? &kyfBuD;u&GHp&mBuD;yJ? ckvJ rrjreJUvufxyfr,fYtaBumif;awG bbeJUajymaeBu
w,f }
] bm- tndKBum;cJUw,faygY }
] uRefawmfu wrifem;axmifaewm? uRefawmf atmufxyfrSma&mufaewmBumvSjyD }
] 'DrsufESm&l;BuD;eJUawmY cufygw,fuG,f? armifarmifeJUvJrawGY&bl;? bJeJUBuH&ygYrvJ
tndK&,f }
uREkfyfu rrjrteD;okduyfxkdifvdkufum wkd;wkd;av; ajymvkdufonff/
] bmrSpdwfryleJUrrjr? nus&if rrjrqDukd tpfukdBuD; vmvdrfYr,f }
] bm }
uREkfyfu uREkfyfESifYukd&efrsdK;EkdifwkdYpDpOfxm;aomtpDtpOfukdajymjyvdkufonf/
] jzpfygYrvm;uG,f? rrjraBumufw,f? tbrsm;od oGm;&ifowfrSmuGJU }
] bbowfrSmaBumuf&if tpfukdBuD;aemufukdwpfcgxJvdkufoGm;aygYAs }
] tkd }
uREfkyfrSm pDpOfxm;aomtpDtpOftwGuf pdwfylyefjcif; rjzpfrdyJ pdwfvufaygYyg;aeayonf/
tpfukdBuD;&efrsdK;Ekdif \tpGrf;tpukd,kHBunfonfYtwGufvnf; jzpfavonf/
] vmygrrjr? pdwfnpfraeygeJU? ywvm;av;wD;vdkufygOD;? rrjrajErysufaerS bb
wkdYuoHo,r0ifrSmaygY? uRefawmfUukdawmif tpfukdBuD;ukdtxifrBuD;bl;vdkYajymxm;vkdY bbu,kHae
wm }
] qkd&wD;&rSmawmifpdwfrygawmYygbl;tndK&,f }
]
vmygrrjr&,f?
ajErysufwD;vkdufprf;yg?
a&Tjynfpkd;oDcsif;av;ukdwD;ygvm;?
37
aqmif;vkvif
uRefawmfuqkdr,fav }
rrjru pdwfrygYwygxvmum ywvm;ukdvufoH prf;vkdufonf/
a&Tjynfpkd;oDcsif;av;\tawmykd'fav;ukdwD; pwifvdkufonfESifY uREkfyfuoDcsif;ukd pdwfyg
pGm oDqkdvkdufavonf/
] a&Tjynfpkd;__ a&Tjynfpkd; ___ a&Tjynfpkd;wJU vGrf;.. ykd.. atmif.. yif.. __ }}
uREkfyfonf xkdwpfnaevkH; tay:wufvkdufatmufqif;vkdufjzifY a,muf,ufcwfatmifae

jyvdkufonf/ tdrfaemufzufrS rdcifzcifrsm;aeaomwJuav;qDoGm;vkduf? tdrfrBuD;qDjyefvmvdkuf?
tay:xyfwufvdkufjzifY vlBuD;rsm; rsufpd&SKyfatmifaejyvdkufavonf/
xkdokdYaejyjcif;tm;jzifY olwkdYrsufpda&SYrSuREkfyfaysmufoGm;onfYtcg ausmif;okdYjyefoGm;jyD[k
xifBuayvddrfYrnf/
ausmif;okdYjyefjzpfawmYrnfr[kwf tarcsufxm;onfh xrif;[if;ukdyif iyd&nfav;BudKufvdkY
[k taBumif;jyum tdrfrSmpm;vdkuf&av\/
uREkfyfonfarSmif&DysdK;onfESifY rrjrtcef;xJokdY0ifykef;aevdkufawmYonf/
vlBuD;rsm;tdyf vlajcwdwfcsdefukdapmifY&onfrSm yifyef;vSygbd? toufBuD;&ifYolrsm;onf

awmfawmfESifYrtdyfEkdifBu ygwum;/
olBuD;ESifYolBuD;uawmfBuD;onf a&aEG;csrf;wpftkd;jyD;wpftkd;aomuf&if; pum;awGajymaeBu
ao;onf/ tawmfBuD; nOfUeufawmY vifr,m;ESpfa,mufpvkH;bk&m;&Sdckd;BuonfrSm wpftdrfvkH;
qlnHoGm;av\/ jyD;awmY yg;pyfrStoHxGuf&Gwfum ykwD;pdwfaeBujyefavonf/
uREkfyfrSmtoufjyif;jyif;yifr&SK0HUyJ rrjrtcef;xJatmif;ae&onfrSm jcifrsm;uvnf;ukdufao;
onfrkdY pdwfr&SnfcsifawmYay/ tjyifxGufcsifpdwfukdrenf;jrdKodyfxm;&av\/
jrpfqdyfESifYeD;aomae&mrkdY [xm;aomjywif;aygufrS avrsm;w[l;[l;0ifae&m ttkdufouf
omaevkdY awmfayao;onf/ tcef;xJrSmESpfa,mufxJ&Sdyg&uf wpfa,mufESifYwpfa,muf pum;
rajymyJjrdKodyfxm;&onfrSmvJ 'kuwpfrsdK;yif/
onfvdkESifY.. urmcsOf;atmifBumonf[kxifrSwf&onfxdapmifYqkdif;cJU&m noef;aumifausmf
vdkY oef;aumifBuufwGefrSyif atmufxyfrSvlBuD;rsm;tdyfaysmfoGm;jyD; wacgacga[mufoHukd Bum;&
avawmYonf/
uREkfyfonf ykef;ae&mrSxGufvmum jywif;aygufrS acgif;jyLBunfYvdkuf\/ 'kw0wDjrpfa&
jyifukdwvufvuf jrifawGYae&aomfvnf; tdrfaemufzufjrifuGif;um; arSmifrJaeavonf/
okdYaomf tarSmifxkxJuvlurl rD;tdrfxGef;xm;aom rrjr\tcef;ukdjrif&ykH&onf/ jcHpnf;
&kd;tjyifzufrS aq;vdyfzGmjyvdkuf rD;a&mifvufoGm;ykH? aq;vdyfrD;yGm;rsm;usoGm;ykHukdjrifvkduf&av
onf/ xkdtcsufjyykHum; ukd&efrsdK;EkdifyifjzpfayawmY\/
uREkfyfuvnf; rqkdif;rwGyif a&Tjynfpkd;iSufwGefoHjzifY atmfvdkufavonf/
] a&Tjynfpkd; .. a&Tjynfpkd; .. }
uREkfyfeSifYrrjronf jywif;0rSarQmfBunfYaeBuav\?
ukd&efrsdK;Ekdif rnfonfYae&mrSay:vmrnfukdapmifYBunfY aeBujcif;jzpf\/
rBumyg? rusD;yif\jrifYrm;aomukdif;ay:wGifaygYyg;pGm ul;vmaom t&dyfrnf;rnf;wpfckukd
awGYvdkuf&av\/
BudKomodrxm;ygu emembm0wapo&Jwaumif[kxif&avmufygonf/ t&dyfrnf;BuD;
onf rusD;yif\ukdif;zsm;ukdckdvTJvkdufum jywif;aygufwnfYwnfYokdY t&SdefjzifYckef0ifvkdufav\/
uREkfyfeSifYrrjru tvsiftjrefz,fay;vkduf&m ukd&efrsdK;Edkifonf tcef;wGif;Burf;jyifay:okdY aygYyg;pGm
usa&mufoGm;avownf;/
38
aqmif;vkvif
ukd&efrsdK;Ekdifonf cg;awmif;ukdajrSmifatmifusdKufxm;um tusDukd,fcRwfESifYjzpfavonf/
zkxpfaeaomAvBuD;ESifY BuGufom;tajrSmif;BuD;rsm;u rD;a&mifatmufwGifxif;aeav\/
] armifarmif }
rrjru Burf;jyifay:rSukd&efrsdK;edkifukdxlay;&if; wD;wkd; ESKwfqufvdkufonf/
] jruav; }
cspfolESpfa,muftvGrf;o,fEdkif&eftwGuf uREkfyf tvdkufodzkdYvdkayonf/
] uRefawmftcef;tjyifuvl&dyfvlajcBunfYjyD; apmifYaer,faemf }
uREkfyfonf rjrpdrf;\tcef;tjyifzufokdY xGufcJUavawmYonf/
ywvm;ab;wGifvJavsmif;&if;tem;,lvkduf&m wpfnaevkH;pdwfarmvlarmjzpfaeaom uREkfyf
onf tdyfaysmfrSef;rod tdyfaysmfoGm;avawmYownf;/
] armifndK- x-x }
ukd&efrsdK;Ekdifu vSKyfESdK;vkdufrSyif uREkfyfvefYEkd;vmawmY\/
] [if-b,ftcsdef&SdjyDvJ }
] a&mifeDysdKYawmYr,f? jyefBupkdYarmifndK }
xkdtcgrSyif uREkfyfwkdYjyef&rnfYc&D;pOfukd uREkfyfpkd;&drfrdayawmYonf/ atmufxyfokdYqif;
wcg;zGifYxGuf&efrjzpfEkdifyg/ ukd&efrsdK;edkifu rusD;yifukdif;rSwpfqifYjyefEdkifaomfvJ uREkfyf jyef&ef
twGufrlcufacsjyD/
] xavuGJUarmifndK }
] uRefawmfatmufqif;&if vlBuD;awGEkd;oGm;vdrfYr,f }
] atmufqif;p&mrvdkygbl;uGJU? tpfukdBuD;rif;ukd ac:oGm;rSmaygY }
] [if- b,fvdk }
] pum;rrsm;eJYawmYuG,f? tpfukdBuD;ausmay:wufjyD; tpfukdBuD;vnfyif;ukdokdif;zufxm;?
tpfukdBuD; rif;ukd ukef;ykd; jyD;ac:oGm;r,f }
uREkfyfvnf; olajymonfYtwkdif; ol\aemufausmzufrSwG,fwufvdkufavonf/
] jrJjrJzufxm;uGJUaemf }
] armifarmif owdxm;yg? tndKatmufukdikHUrBunfYeJUaemf? jrJjrJukdifxm;OD; }
rrjru ESpfa,mufpvkH;ukdpkd;&drfpGmowday;aeav\?
ukd&efrsdK;Ekdifonf jywif;aygufabmifay:wGifwuf&yfvdkufum tm;,lrusD;ukdif;qDokdY vTJckef
ul;vdkufavonf/
rrjru rBunfYygESifY[krSmxm;aomfvJ uREkfyfonf ukd&efrsdK;Edkifausmay:a&mufoGm;onfeSifY
,kHBunfpdwfjzifY taBumufajyoGm;um rsufpdukdrSdwfrxm;awmYacs/
rusD;ukdif;qDokdYvTJckeftul; avxJwGif tonf;at;ueJcHpm;vdkuf&avonf/ ukd&efrsdK;edkif
onf rusD;ukdif;tpGef;ukdzrf;qkyfvdkufrdum opfukdif;onf tdueJedrfYusoGm;av\/
rusD;wpfndKvlwpfckdqkdonfYqkd&kd;pum;twkdif; rusD;yifukdif;rSmrBuD;vSaomfvnf; usdK;roGm;
cJUacs/
ukd&efrsdK;edkifonf ausmay: vlwpfa,mufygonfvdkYrStrSwfxm;&JUvm;rod/ aygYyg;vsifjref
pGmyif wpfudkif;rSwpfukdif;ckeful;oGm;avonf/
rBumrD uREkfyfwkdYonf ajrjyifay:okdYa&muf&SdoGm;av\/
ajrjyifay:a&mufonfeSifYrjyD;ao;? uREkfyfwkdYonf olBuD;tdrf0if;xJyif&Sdao;onf r[kwfyg
avm/
ukd&efrsdK;Edkifu uREkfyftm; olYausmay:rSrqif;apawmYyJ.. jcHpnf;&kd;ukdckeful;vkdufavonf/
uREkfyfonf aBumifwpfaumif\ukd,fay: cGpD;vdkuf&onfUES,f avxJysH0JoGm;um jcHpnf;&kd;
wpfzufajrjyifay:okdY nifompGmusa&mufoGm;avownf;/
39
aqmif;vkvif
uREkfyfonf ukd&efrsdK;edkifukd,kHBunfrSKaBumifY raBumuf&GHUrdygaomfvnf; tE&m,fuif;&m
e,fajrokdY vkH;vkH;a&mufygrSyif oufjyif;ukdcsEdkifavawmYonf/
uREkfyfonf ajrjyifay:okdYajcypfvufypfxkdifcsvdkufavawmY\/
ukd&efrsdK;Edkifu ykqkd;cg;awmif;usdKufukdajzcsvdkuf\/ jcHKykwfwpfckxJwGif0Sufxm;cJUaom tusD
ukd ,l0wfavonf/
uREkfyfonf ukd&efrsdK;EdkifvSKyf&Sm;orQukdrsufawmifrcwf vkdufBunfYaerdav\/
uREkfyf\&ifwGif;um; ukd&efrsdK;EkdifukdtxifBuD;av;pm;aompdwfrsm;onf ,cifuxuf q
xufwHydk;wkd;aeavawmYonf/ olum; uREkfyf\ol&Jaumif;? uREkfyftwGuf pHjyyk*dKvfwpfa,muf
yifjzpfayawmYownf;/
tmvdefig;qifY e*g;ESifY*VKeft&H ___ukrmef,u pwkr[m&mZm__

rcHEkdifjim;rSodBum;xGufwJUtcg__
wGufa&;odef;ajcmufaomif; &SpfaxmifY,lZem ___
0&ZdefvTwfum jrif;rkd&fukdyif olcGif;csif
xGif;vdkYazmufEkdifwm ___
ewfjrif;wpfaxmifuwJU &xm;a0Z,Em ___
&efbefrmefwif;em* qifawmfokrdwm ___
&JwHcGefvTm; 33yg;odBum;i,fyg ___aevewfom; av;yg;ppft*Fg__
yifvkH;uRwf ocGwfyGifYcsdefrSm__
uREkfyfonfaemufwpfaeYreuf olBuD;ESifYbvStkef;wkdYwkdifyifaeBuonfYpum;rsm;ukd ukd&ef
rsdK;Ekdiftm;jyefajymjyvdkufavonf/
] olwkdYu tpfukdBuD;ukd zrf;csKyfBur,fvdkYajymw,f? t*Fvdyfppfwyfukdac:vmjyD; tpfukdBuD;
ukd0kdif;zrf;r,fwJU }
&efrsdK;Ekdifu avSmifjyKH;jyKH;vkdufav\/
] prf;BunfYBuao;wmaygYuG,f }
] jyD;awmY bvStkef;BuD;u rrjreJUtBuD;tus,f r*FvmaqmifrSmwJU? ajymaeao;w,f
tpfukdBuD; }
] ukd,fu olwkdYxufvufOD;rSK&atmif,l&rSmaygYarmifndK&,f }
] vufOD;rSK&atmif,lr,fqkdwm b,fvdkrsdK;vJtpfukdBuD; }
] jruav;ukd ckd;ajy;&rSmaygUuGJU }
] [m-aumif;w,ftpfukdBuD;? tJ'grS bvStkef;BuD; usef&pfjzpfusefcJUrSm? tm;&vdkufwm
tpfukdBuD;&,f }
] tif;-wkdif;a&;jynfa&;xuf tajctaet& ukd,fa&;ukd,fwmukdOD;pm;ay;&awmYrSmaygUuG,f?
tpfukdBuD;u awmfvSefa&;ratmifjrifrcsif; tdrfaxmifrjyKao;bl;vkdYpdwful;xm;wmuGJU? Tdrfaxmif
oHa,mZOfeJU EkdifiHa&;ukdpdwf&Sdwkdif;rvkyfEkdifrSmpkd;vkdYyJ? at;av.. jzpfvmawmYvJ bmwwfEkdifawmY
rSmvJuG,f }
] rrjrua&m? tpfukdBuD;aemufukdvdkufr,fvdkYajymovm;[if }
] vkdufr,fwJU? tpfukdBuD;uvJ jruav;ukdbvStkef;qkdwJUvlvufxJ tygrcHEkdifbl;uG,f?
vlaumif;olaumif;qkd&ifjzifY tpfukdBuD;&iftuGJcHjyD;pGefYvTwf&ygao;&JU? bvStkef;taBumif;ukd tpf
ukdBuD;pkHprf;jyD;jyD? pyg;yGJpm;vkyfjyD; &GmwumvSnfY aiGeJUzsm;a,mif;jyD; rdef;uav;awGukd zsufqD;aewJU
vlwpfa,mufuGJU? jyD;awmY ol[m t*Fvdyftvdkawmf&dwpfa,mufyJ }
40
aqmif;vkvif
] tvdkawmf&dqkdwmbmvJtpfukdBuD; }
] ukd,f,kHBunftm;xm;wJUol&JUtusdK;pD;yGm;ukd vdkvm;wJUolaygYuG,f? bvStkef;u t*Fvdyfukd
odyftxifBuD;jyD; ukd;uG,faewJUolwpfa,mufyJuGJU? t*Fvdyf&JUopmawmfcHwpfa,mufaygU }
] [kwfw,ftpfukdBuD;? tJ'gaBumifYolYrSm t*FvdyfawGay;xm;wJUaoewf&SdaewmaygYaemf }
] olu tpkd;&ukdqefYusifwJYolawG&JUowif;ukdvJ rsufESmvkdtm;&vkyfjyD; jAdwdoQtpkd;&ukdykdYay;
w,fav }
] tarausmfa'G;a':vGrf;w,fqkdwm bvStkef;vdkvlrsdK;vm;tpfukdBuD; }
] odyf[kwfwmayghuG,f? t*Fvdyfpum;av;vJenf;enf;yg;yg;wwfawmY vlwGifus,fvkyf
aeEkdifwmaygY? jAdwdoQwyfukd&dumaxmufcGifYuvJ &aew,fav? 'gUaBumifY 'DvkdvlrsdK;aemufukd
jruav;ukdtygrcHEkdifbl;uGJU? jruav;ukd tpfukdBuD;aemuftygac:&awmYrSmyJ? jruav;uvJ vdkuf
r,fwJU }
] rrjrukdb,fvdkckd;rvJ? tdrfuxGufzkdYuawmY rvG,fbl;aemftpfukdBuD; }
] tm;vkH;ukd jruav;eJUnuwkdifyifcJYjyD;ygjyDuG,f? olBuD;OD;pufa&mifu t*Fvdyfvqef;3&uf
aeYwkdif; jrdKUay:wufjyD; jAdwdoQtpkd;&ukd &yfa&;&Gma&;awGtpD&ifcH&w,fqkdr[kwfvm; }
] [kwfw,ftpfukdBuD;? 'Dvukeftpnf;ta0;yGJrSm tpfukdBuD;taBumif;ukd wifjyr,fvdkY
ajymaew,f }
] at;- jrdKUukdtpnf;ta0;yGJoGm;&if olBuD;[mtjrJ 2ntdyfae&w,fwJhuG? Olu tpfukdBuD;
taBumif; t*Fvdyft&m&SdawGukdwifjyaecsdefrSm tpfukdBuD;u jruav;ukd &atmif cdk;&kHaygUuG }
] b,fvdkckd;rSmvJtpfukdBuD;? uRefawmfulzkdYvdkao;vm; }
] vkdwmaygYarmifndK&,f? olBuD;tdrfrSmr&Sd&if jruav;[m olYtaz&SdoavmuftcsKyfcs,frcH
&bl;? vGwfvyfw,f? olBuD;uawmfBuD;a':a&TykHu bkdqefcsifvdkY tckqkd nwkdif;nwkdif; aumfzDwpf
cGuf aomufaomufjyD;rStdyfw,fwJUuG? aumfzDukd jruav;uazsmfay;&w,f? olBuD;r&SdwJUnrSm
aumfzDazsmfay;&if; aumfzDxJrSmtdyfaq;xnfYcwfxm;r,fav? 'gqkd olYtartdyfaysmfaecsdef jruav;
tdrfxJu xGufvmvkdY&wmaygY }
] ykdifvkdufwmtpfukdBuD;&m }
] tJ'DawmY armifndKu 'Dnaejruav;qDoGm;&if tpfukdBuD;ay;vkdufr,fYtdyfaq;rSKefYxkwfukd
,loGm;jyD; jruav;ukday;xm;ESifY }
] [kwfuJUtpfukdBuD; }
] 'gawGukd b,folrSodvdkYrjzpfzl;? armifndKESKwfvkHzkdYawmYvdkw,fuGJU }
] pdwfcsygtpfukdBuD;? uRefawmfb,folYrSrajymygbl;}
] vukefzkdYu wpfywfavmufvdkao;w,fuGJU? 'D&ufxJrSm raygufBum;atmifaezkdY ta&;BuD;
w,f }
,if;okdYjzifY uREkfyfonf ukd&efrsdK;Ekdifay;vdkufaom tdyfaq;rSKefYxkwfukd,lum xkdnaewGifrrjr
ukd ay;xm;vkdufav\/
uREkfyfum; tpfukdBuD;ESifYrrjrwkdYeD;pyfaygif;zuf&awmYrnfYta&;ukdawG;um yDwdjzpfaeav\/
olwkdYudpwGif tusdK;aqmifay;&onfYtwGufvnf; *kPf,lrdavonf?
ukd&efrsdK;EkdifpDpOfxm;onfY tpDtpOfonf acsmarmpGm txajrmufvdrfYrnf[kyif uREkfyfu
,kHBunfxm;cJUav\/
okdY&mwGif arQmfvifYrxm;aom taESmuft,Sufrsm;onf rxifrSwfaomae&mrS0ifa&mufvm

av\/ jzpfcsifwkdif;rjzpf&aomavmuobm0ukd xkdtjzpftysufaBumifY uREkfyf oHa0*&rdayawmY
onf/
ukd&efrsdK;Edkifonf t*FvdyfvukefjyD;vQif rjrpdrf;ukd cdk;,l&efpDpOfxm;jyD;jzpfav\/
okdYaomf vrukefrDokH;&uftvdk &efrsdK;Ekdiftm;zrf;qD;&efqkdum t*Fvdyfppfom;ig;OD; &GmokdY
a&muf&Sdvmavonf/ bvStkef;\peufyifwnf;/
41
aqmif;vkvif
bvStkef;tBuHtpnfjzpfrSef;odomvSonfum; zrf;qD;&efa&mufvmaomppfom;rsm;ESifYtwl
bvStkef;ukd,fwkdifvdkufygvmjcif;yifjzpfavonf/
bvStkef;u t*Fvdyfppfom;rsm;ukd vrf;jyac:aqmifvmjcif;jzpfavawmY\/ ppfom;rsm;rSm
t*FvdyfwyfrS ppfom;rsm;jzpfaomfvnf; t*FvdyfvlrsdK;rsm;r[kwfay? tdEd,EkdifiHrS vdkufygvmaom
a*:&cg;vlrsdK;aBu;pm;ppfom;rsm;jzpfavonf/
xkdtcsdefonf naecif;tcsdefjzpf&m ukd&efrsdK;Ekdifu vli,frsm;tm; ukd,fcHynmrsm;oifBum;
ay;aecsdefjzpfayonf/
uREkfyfonfvnf; umvom;rsm;okdif;avYusifYaeonfukdBunfY&if; bkef;BuD;ausmif;0if;xJyif
&Sdaeavonf/
vltm;vkH;onf ukd,ftvkyfxJukd,ftm&kHa&mufae t*FvdyfwyfrSppfom;rsm;a&mufvmonf
ukd owdrxm;rdBuacs/
a*:&cg;ppfom;ig;OD;onf jrif;ig;aumifukdarmfawmfay:wGifwifaqmifum 'kw0wDjrpfukd
wpfzufurf;rSjzwful; vmBujcif;jzpf\/
jrif;ig;aumifESifYtwl ,leDazmif;tjynfYtpkH0wfqifxm;aom t*FvdyfwyfrSppfom;rsm;ukd
rjrifzl;onfY&Gmom;rsm;onf qdyfurf;wGif0kdif;tkHBunfY&SKaeBuav\/
jrif;ig;aumifESifYppfom;rsm; urf;ay:ta&muf0,f bvStkef;u jrif;wpfaumifukdwufpD;
vdkufum ppfom;5OD;ukd wpfaumifpD;ap bkef;BuD;ausmif;qDokdYa&SY&SKxGufcJUBuavonf/
&kd;tEkHcsmaom&Gmol&Gmom;rsm;onf jrif;rsm;ESifUa&mufvmaomppfom;rsm;tm; txl;tqef;
ozG,f 0kdif;tkHBunf&SKBu&if;rS.. ppfom;rsm;aemufwGifwoDwwef;BuD; vdkufygvmBuav\/
xkdtcsdefwGif bkef;BuD;ausmif;0if;xJ&SdaeaomuREfkfyfwkdYtm;vkH;rSm xkdtjzpftysufrsm;ukd rod
&SdBuao;acs/
jrif;ig;aumifESifYvlajcmufa,muf bkef;BuD;ausmif;ukef;ay:okdYwufvmBuonfukd uyd,BuD;
u OD;pGmvSrf;jrifvdkufavonf/
uyd,BuD;onf tm;vkH;Bum;omatmifatmf[pf owday;vkdufavonf/ vltm;vkH;onf
aoG;ylavYusifYcef;rsm;vkyfae&mrS &yfem;vdkufBuum awmifajcrSwufa&mufvmaom vltkyfBuD;ukd
BunfYvdkufBuav\/
uyd,BuD;u ausmif;ay:okdYvsifjrefpGmajy;oGm;um ausmif;xkdifbkef;BuD;tm;avQmufxm;vdkuf
avonf/
bkef;awmfBuD;onf atmufokdYBuGvmum bkef;BuD;ausmif;t0if0wGif &yfaeawmfrlav\/
bvStkef;acgif;aqmifvmaom ppfom;rsm;ESifYjrif;ig;aumifwkdYonf bkef;BuD;ausmif;a&SYokdY
a&muf&SdvmavjyD/
ausmif;t0wGif bkef;BuD;ukd,fwkdifydwf&yfaeonfhtwGuf jrif;rsm;ukd&yfvkdufBuav\/
a&SYqkH;jrif;ay:rSbvStkef;onf jrif;ay:rSrqif;yJ bkef; BuD;ukdvSrf;ajymvdkufavonf/
] bbkef;? 'Dausmif;rSm olykefwpfa,mufckdatmif;aew,fBum;vdkY wynfYawmfwkdYvmzrf;wmyg?
olykef&efrsdK;EkdifqkdwJYaumifukdxkwfay;yg }
] [JY? rif;ub,folwkef;? igYausmif;rSmolykefr&Sdbl;[JU? olykefudkigvufrcHbl;? rif;
ajymwJU&efrsdK;Ekdifqkdol[m olykefr[kwf? rsdK;cspfvli,fwpfa,mufomjzpfw,f }
] rsdK;cspfaombmaom em;rvnfbl;? bkef;BuD;u umuG,fay;raeygeJU? 'Daumif[m tpkd;&
ukdykefuefzkdYBudK;pm;aewJUolyJ? usKyfwkdYowif;twdtus&jyD;jyD? bkef;BuD;xkwfray;&if usKyfwkdY
ukd,fwkdif0ifzrf;&ygvdrfYr,f }
] o,f-rkduf&kdif;vScsnfvm;[JU? rif;jrefrmvlrsdK;r[kwfawmYovm;? 'g[momoemYajrjzpf
w,f? igYausmif;0if;xJ igUukdjzwfoef;jyD;0if0HU0ifprf;[JU }
bkef;BuD;tkdBuD;u &J0HYpGm&ifaumYajymvkdufavonf
xkdtcsdefwGif &efrsdK;Ekdifonf wnfjidrfajE&pGmjzifY ausmif;t0okdYavQmufvSrf;vmav\/
&efrsdK;Ekdifukdjrifvdkuf&onfYtcg vltm;vkH;wdwfqdwfoGm;um jidrfvQufBunfYaeBuav\/
42
aqmif;vkvif
] bbkef;? wynfUawmfudpukd wynfYawmf&Sif;ygYr,f bk&mY? at;at;aq;aq;aeawmfrlyg }
&efrsdK;Ekdifu bkef;BuD;ukdvuftkyfcsDumavQmufxm;vkdufavonf/
xkdYaemuf bvStkef;zufokdYvSnfYBunfYum..
] qkdygOD;? 'Du aemifBuD;u b,fvdkwm0efrsm;&SdvdkU uRefawmfUukdzrf;qD;zkdYvm&ygovJ }
] a[Y- jAdwdoQppfwyfu rif;ukdzrf;cdkif;vdkufwm uG? igYukdwm0efay;vdkufvdkY igvmzrf;wm }
&efrsdK;Ekdifu wnfjidrfajE&oavmuf bvStkef;u &SL;&SL;&Sm;&Sm;jzpfaeavonf/
] tvdk? jAdwdoQppfwyfu cifAsm;ukdbmrkdYvdkY wm0efay;&ygvdrfY? wefawmY- cifAsm;ukd,fwkdif
owif;ay; ukef;acsmvdkYxifyg&JU }
&efrsdK;Ekdif\pum;onf bvStkef;t&dSKufukdxdoGm;avonf/ bvStkef;u awmufacgufvdkuf
um..
] rif;[m tpkd;&ukdykefuefzkdYvlolpkaqmif;aewm igodw,f? &Gmom;awGukdppfoifwef;ay;ae
wmvJ tm;vkH;tjrifyJ? 'DawmY at;at;aq;aq;tzrf;cHyg? igwkdYeJUvdkufcJUayawmU }
] [m;- [m;- [m;- [m;- }
&efrsdK;Edkifu [uf[ufyufyuf&,farmvdkufavonf/
] usKyf[mjrefrmvlrsdK;wpfa,mufAs? tvG,fwul tnHUcHvdrfYr,fvdkYxifovm; }
] tzrf;cH&awmYrSmrkdY aBumufjyD; aoG;&l;aoG;wef;jzpfaeovm;&efrsdK;Ekdif }
] usKyfaBumufwwfvm; raBumufwwfvm;? prf;Buao;wmaygY? okdYaomf 'Dae&m[m
bkef;BuD;ausmif;0if; omoemYe,fajrjzpfaew,f? bbkef;uvJarwm&yfcHxm;w,f? aoG;xGufoH,kd
udpawG ausmif;0if;xJrSmrjzpfcsifbl;? 'DawmY rif;wkdYowd&Sd&if usKyfaemufukdvdkufcJYyg? usKyfrSm
bmvufeufrSr&Sd bl;? 'gayr,fY usKyf cifAsm;wkdY tm;vkH;ukd,SOf&Jw,f }
&efrsdK;Ekdifonf pum;qkH;onfESifY opfyifwGifcsnfxm;aom4if;\jrif;ndKBuD;ukdBudK;jznfum
jrif;ay:okdYvTm;ueJ ckef wufvdkufavonf/
xkdYaemuf bkef;BuD;ausmif;0if;tjyifokdYxGufum bvStkef;eSifYppfom;rsm;tm;ajymvdkufav
onf/
] usD;yg;pyfauGYuusKyfapmifYaer,f? usKyfukdzrf;Ekdif&ifvdkufzrf;ayawmY }
pum;qkH;onfESifY jrif;BuD;ukduqkefqkdif;pD;csoGm;avonf/
jrif;ajy;&mvrf;wavQmuf zkefrsm;waxmif;xoGm;avonf/
] 'Daumifajy;jyD? 'DaumifYaemufukdusKyfwpfa,mufxJvdkufzrf;r,f? 'DaumifYtavmif;ukd
olYjrif;ay:rSmwifjyD; qGJjyefvmcJYr,f? awGUBuao;wmaygU&efrsdK;Ekdif&,f }
bvStkef;u a*:&cg;ppfom;rsm;zufokdYvSnfY t*Fvdyfpum;wpfcsdKUwpf0ufnSyfum ajym
vkdufavonf/
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ukd 'kef;qkdif;umvdkufoGm;avawmYonf/
usef&pfcJUolrsm;onf wpfa,mufwpfaygufajym&if; xifjrifcsuftrsdK;rsdK;ay;Buav\/
] igwkdYq&mrSmvufeufrygbl;? [kdaumifu aoewfygaew,f? q&mYxufwyef;omaew,f }
] [kwfw,f? q&mYtwGufpkd;&drfp&myJ }
] 'gayr,fYwkdYq&m[m wkdufa&;cdkufa&;rSmy&d,m,f&SdwJUvlwpfa,mufyJ? odyfawmYpkd;&drf
p&mr&Sdygbl; }
] bmyJjzpfjzpf tajctaeb,fvdkvJod&atmif usD;yg;pyfauGYem;uaeoGm;apmifYBunfYBupkdY }
] at;-[kwfw,f }
umvom;wpfokdufonf &efrsdK;EkdifeSifhbvStkef;xGufoGm;onfYusD;yg;pyfauGYqDokdY ajy;vdkuf
oGm;Buavonf/
ppfom;rsm;aemufrSvkdufygvmaom &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;onfvnf; pdwfyg0ifpm;pGmyif tajctae
ukdod&&efvdkufoGm;Buav\/
usef&pfcJUaom a*:&cg;ppfom;ig;OD;onfvJ jrif;4aumifukdpD;eif;um vlxkESifYtwlvdkufyg
43
aqmif;vkvif
vmavonf/ olwkdYonf vufeufrygaom&efrsdK;Ekdifukd bvStkef;u tvG,fwul tEkdif&vdrfYrnf
[karQmfvifUum at;at;aq;aq;yif&SdaeBuavonf/
uREkfyfum; ukd&efrsdK;Ekdif\tpGrf;tpukdodxm;jyD;olrkdY onfyGJ tpfukdBuD;atmifyGJcHvdrfYrnf[k
&J&J,kHBunfrdavonf/ uREkfyfonfvnf; vltrsm;ESifYa&mum usD;yg;pyfauGYqDokdY vdkufygcJUavawmY
ownf;/
ae&m 'kw0wDjrpf\txufzufrS usD;yg;pyfauGYtaBumif;ukd azmfjyzkdYvdkavonf/

OykofaeYwkdif; uREkfyfeSifYrrjryef;cl;xGufonfYacsmif;uav;rSm apwDawmifukef;atmufajc
&SdaBumif;azmfjycJYjyD;ayjyD/ xkdacsmif;uav;onf 'kw0wDjrpfxJokdYOD;wnfpD;qif;oGm;jcif; jzpfyg\/
acsmif;uav;onf jrpfeSifYa0;onfYae&mwGif cyfwdrfwdrfESifY ajyajyavsmavsm&SdaomfvJ jrpfem;okdY
eD;vmav euf&SdKif;um a&pD;ESKef;jrefvmavjzpfavonf
&Gm\awmifzufwGif acsmif;uav;u 'kw0wDjrpfxJokdYpD;0ifav\/ acsmif;uav;pD;qif;&m
ab; awmifukef;jrifYBuD;wpfck&Sdum usD;uef;wpfaumifyg;pyf[aeonfYo@mefESifYwlaomaBumifY
usD;yg;pyfawmif[kac:avonf/ xkdae&mukdvnf; usD;yg;pyfauGY[kac:av\/
usD;yg;pyfauGY[kac:&jcif;rSm xkdae&m usD;yg;pyfawmifonf jrpfxJokdYxkd;xGufaejyD; txuf
rSa&pD;rsm;wefYoGm;um awmifukdauGYpD;qif;&aomaBumifYjzpfavonf/
xkdae&mwGif usD;yg;pyfawmifBuD;cHaeaomaBumifY auGYpD;qif;vmaoma&rsm;ESifY acsmif;u
av;xJrSt&Sdeft[kefjyif;pGm pD;0ifvmaoma&wkdY qkHpnf;rdBuavonf/
t&Sdefrsm;aoma&t[kefESpfckwkdY qefYusifzuft&yfqDrS pD;0ifqkHqnf;rdaomaBumifY xkdae&m
wGif 0JuawmYBuD;wpfck tjrJjzpfaeav\/ usD;yg;pyf0J[kqkdvQif avSormefrsm; tvGef aBumuf&GHU
BujyD; a&SmifuGif;oGm;Buavonf/ usD;yg;pyf0JteD;okdYrawmfwqa&mufoGm;aom avSormefrsm;rSm
0J\ pkyf,lrSKukdcH&jyD; a&atmufa&mufonfxd 'kwf'kwfxdepfjrKyfoGm;avY&Sdayonf/
xkdYaBumifY a&,mOfrsm;uvJ usD;yg;pyf0Jukda&SmifuGif;avY&Sdovdk &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;uvnf;
xkdae&ma&csdK;jcif;? a&ul;jcif;rjyKBuygay/
ukd&efrsdK;Ekdifum; t*FvdyfwyfrSa*:&cg;ppfom;rsm;eSifh bvStkef;wkdYukdpdrfac:um usD;yg;pyfauGY
&Sd&mokdY xGufcGmoGm;ayjyD/
jrif;ukd'kef;qkdif;&if; acsmif;xJrSjzwful;oGm;aom ukd&efrdsK;edkifonf acsmif;wpfzufurf;wGif
aysmufuG,foGm;av\/
&efrsdK;Edkif\aemufrvSrf;rurf;rSvdkufygoGm;aom bvStkef;onfvnf; uREkfyfwkdYjrifuGif;rS
aysmufuG,foGm;ayjyD?
a*:&cg;ppfom;rsm;onfvnf; acsmif;twGif;rS jzwfausmfum usD;yg;pyfauGYokdYoGm;vQuf
&Sdavonf/ ppfom;rsm;um; jrif;ukd'kef;rqkdif;yJ cyfat;at;yifpD;eif;vdkufygoGm;Buav\/
usD;yg;pyfauGYqDokdY 'kef;qkdif;oGm;aomjrif;eSpfaumif aBumifYay:xGufvmaomzkefvkH;BuD;rsm;
onf aumif;uifokdY a0Ywufvmonfukdjrifae&ay\/
ajcvQifvdkufvmBuaom&Gmom;rsm;onf acsmif;ukdausmfjzwfrvdkufawmYyJ acsmif;ESifYjrpf
qkH&m usD;yg;pyf0JxdyfokdYoGm;Buavonf/ usD;yg;pyf0J&Sd&mqdyfurf;rSvSrf;BunfYvQif acsmif;wzuf
rSusD;yg;pyfauGYukd vSrf;jrif&EdkifaomaBumifYjzpfayonf/
uREkfyfonf vltkyfxJrScGJxGufum olBuD;tdrf&Sd&mokdY ajy;vmcJUav\/ olBuD;tdrfrSm usD;yg;pyf
auGYzufokdYoGm;&m vrf;teD;yif&Sdayonf/
uREkfyftdrfxJokdYt0ifwGif aoewfBuD;ukdxrf; cyfokwfokwfxGufvmaom olBuD;OD;pufa&mif
ukd awGYvdkuf&avonf/ olBuD;ukdowif;vmay;olu uREkfyfxufOD;atmifa&mufaejyD; owif;ay;
vkdufjcif;jzpfavonf/
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onf/
uREkfyfonf tusdK;taBumif;ukd rrjrtm;ajymjy&efvmcJYjcif;jzpfavonf/
44
aqmif;vkvif
olBuD;tdrfrSmr&SdawmY uREfkyfu vGwfvyfpGmyif tdrfay:okdYwufoGm;um rrjrESifYawGYqkH
vdkufavonf/
uREkfyfonf rrjrukdtaBumif;pHkajymjyvkdufav\/
rrjru &ifywfuav;ukdzdum..
] 'kuygyJtndK&,f? ukd,fusdK;awGawmYenf;ukefawmYrSmyJ? bvStkef;rSmuaoewfeJU? jyD;awmY
ppfom;awGvJygao;w,fqkdawmY.. armifarmif? armifarmifYtwGufpkd;&drfvdkufwmuG,f }
] pdwfrylygeJUrrjr&JU? tpfukdBuD;u vlpGrf;aumif;yg olwkdYavmufukd aumif;aumif;ekdifrSmygAs }
uREkfyfu pdwfcs,kHBunfpGmajymvdkufavonf/
] pdwfrylyJaeEdkifygYrvm;uGJU? bmyJjzpfjzpf pkd;&drf&wmyJ? rrjrvdkufoGm;r,fuG,f }
] rrjrvdkufBunfYrvdkYvm;? &Gmom;awGa&m umvom;awGa&m usD;yg;pyf0Jqdyfurf;uae
BunfYrvdkYvkdufoGm;BujyD? 'gayr,fY bbvJ tckyJtdrfuxGufoGm;wm uRefawmfjrifcJUw,f? rrjr
vdkufvdkYjzpfygYrvm; }
] bmyJjzpfjzpf? 'gaoa&;&Sifa&;yJ? aemufrSa&muf&m;yJuG,f? rrjrawmY armifarmifY
twGufpkd;&drfw,f? vdkufoGm;rSmyJ }
] 'gqkdvJoGm;Bu&atmifavrrjr }
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tdrfatmufxyfta&muf olBuD;uawmfBuD;a':a&TykHu vSrf;atmfar;vkdufav\/
] [JY? vkHr? 'gub,fwkef; }
] 'Dem;wifygtpfr }
] tkd? [JY? eifYtbr&Sdwkef;eifb,fxGufrvdkYvJ }
rrjrubmrSjyefrajymawmY/ uREkfyfESifYtwltdrf0if;xJrS cyfokwfokwfxGufcJUBuavonf/
olBuD;uawmfBuD;rSm ukd&efrsdK;edkifowif;ukdodxm;jyD;jzpf&m.. uREkfyfwkdYb,foGm;rnfukd &dyfrd
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] b,fvdkvJAs? jrif&vm;? tajctaeb,fvdk&SdvJ }
] q&m&efrsdK;EkdifeJUbvStkef;qkdwJUvl &ifqkdifrdBujyD? q&mu bvStkef;ukd jrpfurf;yg;zuf
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rSefayonf/ jrpfurf;zufqDrS oJrsm;zkefrsm;axmif; axmif;xavxJwGifvGifYaeay\/
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45
aqmif;vkvif
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awGYEkdifay/
] 'kdif; }
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] q&m? q&m&,f }
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] q&mYtavmif;ukdvdkufq,fBupkdY }
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] armifarmifa&? armifarmifr&Sd&if jruav;vJraeawmYbl;? armifarmifYaemufukdvkdufcJUawmY
r,fuGJU }
rjrpdrf;onf jrpfurf;yg;qDokdYajy;oGm;um jrpfxJokdY ckefcsvdkufavawmYownf;/
] tvkd }
46
aqmif;vkvif
] [if }
] orD;? orD; }
] vkHrav; }
] rrjra&? rrjr }
[pfatmfwm;jrpfoHrsm;u t&mra&mufawmYygay/
rjrpdrf;onf usD;yg;pyf0JxJokdYwnfUwnfYusa&mufoGm;um 0JuawmYtwGif;vSnfYvnfaeonf
ukd cPwjzKwf jrifvdkuf&ao;onf/
0Jonf 0uftl&pfozG,f wpf&pfjyD;wpf&pfqGJ,l&if; rjrpdrf;\wpfukd,fvkH;ukd a&atmufokdY
qGJac:oGm;ygavawmYownf;/
] trav;orD;&JU? rkdufvScsnfvm;uGJU }
olBuD;uawmfBuD;u atmf[pfidk,dkvdkufavonf/
xkdpOf acsmif;wpfzufurf;rS aoewfoHrsm;xGufay: vmjyefavonf/
ukd&efrsdK;EdkifusqkH;oGm;jyDjzpf&m aoewfoHrsm;u tb,faBumifY qufxGufay:vm&yg
oenf;/
] vkyfBuygOD;? u,fBuygOD;? usKyforD;av;ukdu,fBuygOD; }
olBuD;rif;onfaoG;&l;aoG;wef;jzifY ywf0ef;usifukdvSnfYtultnDawmif;vkdufonf/
rjrpdrf;ukdoem;u,fwifcsifygaomfvnf; rnfolurS rvSKyfBuacs/ wpf&GmvkH;u usD;yg;pyf
0JtaBumif;odxm;jyD;jzpf&m usD;yg;pyf0JxJpkef;pkef;jrKyfusa&mufoGm;jyD;rS rnfonfYenf;ESifYrQ q,f,l
vdkYr&EkdifawmYaBumif;ukd odjyD;jzpfaomaBumifYyif/
] atmifr,fav;? usKyforD;av;tjzpfqkd;vScsnfvm;? 'g[kdaumifYaBumifY? &efrsdK;edkifqkdwJY
olykefaumifaBumifY? awmuf- 'DaumifYukdigukd,fwkdifrowfvdkuf&wmemw,fuGm }
olBuD;u orD;twGuf0rf;enf;aBuuGJpGm? &efrsdK;EdkifukdemBunf;pGmjzifY jrnfwrf;a&&Gwfaeav
onf/
xkdpOf jrif;cGmoHrsm;Bum;vkduf&onfYtwGuf vltm;vkH;u aemufokdYvSnfYBunfYvdkufBuav\/
] [if }
] [m }
] &efrsdK;Ekdif }
] tpfukdBuD; }
jrif;ndKBuD;ukdpD;eif;&if; vltkyf&Sd&mokdYa&mufvmolrSm &efrsdK;Edkifyifjzpfygownf;/
] tpfukdBuD;? tpfukdBuD;raobl;aemf }
] raoygbl;uGJU? tpfukdBuD;raowJUtjyif olwkdY tm;vkH;ukd tpfukdBuD;owfypfcJYjyD }
xkdpOf opfwkH;ay:ygoGm;aomtavmif;ukdq,f,l&ef vdkufygoGm;onfYumvom;rsm;vJ jyef
vnf a&muf&SdvmBuav\/
] [m-q&m? opfwkH;ay:rSmygoGm;wJUtavmif;ukd uRefawmfwkdUu q&mrSwfvdkY pdwfraumif;
jzpfaeBuwmq&m&JU? vkdufoGm;BunfYrS bvStkef;tavmif;jzpfaewmawGU&w,f }
] [if-tpfukdBuD;? b,fvdkjzpfwmvJ? ajymygOD;tpfukdBuD; }
] tpfukdBuD;u bvStkef;vufxJuaoewfukdvk,lvdkufEdkifw,fav? olYaoewfeJUyJ olUukd
ypfowfvdkufw,f? ppfom;awGukdrsufpdvSnfYcsifvdkY bvStkef;tavmif;rSm tpfukdBuD; t0wfawG
vJ0wfay;vdkufwmyJ }
xkdtcgrS &efrsdK;Edkif0wfxm;aomt0wftpm;rsm;rSm bvStkef;t0wfrsm;jzpfaeonfukd owdjyK
rdBuay\/ olYvufxJvnf; bvStkef\aoewfa&muf&Sdaeayonf/
] ppfom;awGa&mufvmawmY olwkdYtm;vkH;ukd tpfukdBuD;uyJ aoewfeJUypfowfvdkufEdkifyg
w,f? jrefrmYaoG;eDw,fqkdwm wkdif;jcm;om;awGaumif;aumif;odoGm;jyDaygUuGm? [m;.. [m;.. }
] jzpf&avtpfukdBuD;&,f? tm;vkH;rSm;ukefygjyD? rrjr&,f... rrjr&,fav.. .. }
] jruav;? jruav;bmjzpfvdkYvJarmifndK }
47
aqmif;vkvif
] rrjr'Dae&mtxdvdkufvmw,f? opfwkH;ay:utavmif;ukd tpfudkBuD;xifjyD;.. rrjr&,fa&xJckefcsoGm; w,ftpfukdBuD;&JU }
] bm }
tavmif;q,f&efvdkufoGm;Buaom umvom;rsm;rSmvJ xkdtcgrSyif rjrpdrf;a&xJckefcsaBumif;
ukdodBuavonf/
] armifndK? t[kwfvm;uG,f }
] [kwfygw,ftpfukdBuD;&JU? tpfukdBuD;r&Sd&if olvJ raeawmYbl;qkdjyD; jrpfxJckefcsvdkufwm?
rrjr 0JxJrSmepfoGm; jyDAs- tD; [D;[D;.. .. }
uREfkyfu ajym&if;0rf;enf;vmum atmfikdcsvkdufavonf/
ukd&efrsdK;Ekdifonf jrif;ay:rSvTm;ueJckefqif;um jrpfurf;yg;xdyfokdYajy;oGm;avonf/
urf;yg;xdyfrSjrpfxJokdYikHYBunfYvdkufav\/
] jruav;? jruav; }
] rrjr0JxJepfoGm;ygjyDtpfukdBuD;&,f? r&SdawmYygbl; }
&efrsdK;Edkifonf ajray:okdY'l;axmufxkdifcsvdkufum jrpfurf;yg;ukdvufaxmuf&if; a&xJokdY
ikHYBunfUaeavonf?
] jzpfrSjzpf&avjruav;&,f }
xkdtcdkuf olBuD;rif;OD;pufa&mifonf olYvufxJrS ESpfvkH;jyL;aoewfBuD;ukdrum armif;wif
vdkufav\/
] igYorD;ukd'kua&mufatmifvkyfwJUtaumif? aoayawmYuGm }
] 'kdif; }
us,favmifaomaygufuGJoHBuD;ay:xGufvmum ukd&efrsdK;Edkifonf wpfywfvnf&if; jrpfxJokdY
0JusoGm;av\/
okdYaomf owdaumif;vSaom&efrsdK;Edkifonf urf;pyfrS xkd;xGufaeaomausmufwkH;wpfwkH;
\tpGef;ukd vufeSifYvSrf; qGJvdkufEkdifavonf/
&efrsdK;Edkifonf ausmrSaoG;rsm; waygufaygufpD;usaeonfYBum;rS ausmufwkH;tpGef;ukdukdif
xm;av\/
olBuD;ypfvkdufaomusnfqHonf ausmukdazmuf0ifoGm;jcif;jzpfay\/ tvpftikdufwGif typf
cHvdkuf&jcif;jzpf&kHru teD;uyfypfcwfvkdufjcif;jzpf&m csufaumif;ukdxdoGm;ayonf/
] tpfukdBuD;? tpfukdBuD; }
] q&m? q&m }
umvom;rsm;onf &efrsdK;Edkiftm;qGJ,l&ef ajy;oGm;zkdY jyifBuav\/
] a[YaumifawG? wpfa,mufrStem;ruyfBueJU? tm;vkH;ukdypfowfvdkufr,f }
olBuD;utoHeufBuD;jzifYatmfvdkuf&m &efrsdK;edkifteD;okdY oGm;rnfYolrsm;wkHUoGm;&av\/
&efrsdK;ekdifonf ausmufwkH;ukdtrdt&qGJukdifxm;&if; tHukdBudwfxm;&m ar;aBumBuD;rsm;axmif
vmavonf/
] rvmBuygeJU? u,fzkdYrBudK;pm;ygeJUawmY&JabmfwkdY}
&efrsdK;Edkifukdifxm;aomausmufwkH;onfvJ wjznf;jznf; vSKyf,rf;vmavonf/ vl\tav;
'PfaBumifY rBumrDajrrS uRwfxGufayawmYrnf/
ausmufwkH;ukdwGJavmif;cdkxm;aom &efrsdK;Ekdif\ausmqDrSaoG;rsm;onf 'kw0wDjrpfxJokdY
waygufaygufpD;usaeav\/
&efrsdK;Edkifu aemufqkH;taejzifY tHukdwif;wif;Budwfvdkufum..
] armifndK? nDav;? tpfukdBuD;oGm;awmYr,fuGJU }
] &JabmfwkdY? vGwfvyfa&;&onfxd tEdkifwkduf,lBuayawmY }
pum;qkH;onfESifY ausmufwkH;onfajrrSuRwfxGufoGm;um &efrsdK;Edkifonf jrpfxJokdYjyKwfus
oGm;avonf/
48
aqmif;vkvif
usD;yg;pyf0JxJokdYwnfYrwfpGmusa&mufoGm;um 0JuawmYtwGif;acwrQ0Jvnf&if; wpwpjzifY
jrpfBurf;jyifatmufajcwkdif epfjrKyfoGm;avawmYownf;/
] tpfukdBuD;a&? tpfukdBuD;&JU }
] q&m? q&m }
uREfkyfESifY rsdK;cspfvli,fumvom;rsm;\wrf;watmf[pfoHrsm;u 'kw0wDjrpf&kd;wavQmufqD
okdY yJUwifxyfum &kdufcwfoGm;avawmYonf/
'kwd,ykdif;
ref;wcGif yef;oZifay:prkdY arQmfBuw,fav; ___
erf;rSmvm;armif&JU arT;w,f&Sif yef;rsmY;oZif__
r,fcspfygwJYukdudk__ oZifyef;&Tifvef;apzkdYom,Of
yef;rsmY;oZif bk&ifawmf0ifokH;onfrkdYav;___
&yf&SpfcGife,fwGif jynf&GmokH;ayrkdYarT; ___
ysHUarT; ysHUarT; av,l&mat; jraoG;oefYpif___
yef;&eHUBudKifvSdKifo&Sif trsm;wkdYarwm0if ____
bkef;awmfBuD;OD;P\rsuf0ef;rsuf&nfrsm;&pf0Jaeavonf/ w&m;&SifjzpfonfYwkdif twdwf
\aBuuGJzG,fjzpf&yfrsm;ujyefvnf&kdufcwfvdkufonfYtcg tjzpfoepfrsm;ukd topftjzpfjyefvnfjrif
a,mifvmrdonf/
cspfolESpfOD;\ aBuuGJzG,fZmwfodrf;twGuf 0rf;enf;yufvufjzpf&onfESifYtwl? jrefrmY
vGwfvyfa&;twGuf ZmwdaoG;xufoefaom ol&Jaumif;wpfa,muf vufvGwfqkH;&SKH;&jcif;tay:
rcsdwifuJjzpfrdayonf/
&efrsdK;EkdifusqkH;&jcif;onf jrefrmEkdifiHtwGuf rsdK;cspfol&Jaumif;wpfa,muf qkH;&SKH;&jcif;
jzpfovdk? anmifyifqdyf&Gmuav;tzkdYvnf; awmfvSefa&;twGufa&SYaqmifvrf;jyaomuf&SL;Bu,f
wpfyGifY aBuGvGifY&jcif;yifjzpfawmYonf/
anmifyifqdyf&GmrS ZmwdaoG;xufoefaomvli,fwkdYonfvnf; avSavSmf&if;wufusdK;&avjyD/
OD;pD;yJUukdifuif;rJYaom avSi,fozG,f &nf&G,fcsufwkdYa00g;aysmufqkH;cJU&ay\/
xkdtjzpfrsm;ukd ,ckvdk taBumif;oifYjyefvnfawG;awmrdonfYtcg vufiif;BuKHawGU&
onfYozG,f aBuuGJ0rf;enf; rsuf&nf0Jrd&avawmY\/
bkef;awmfBuD;onf &Gmvrf;rqDokdYarQmfBunfYvdkufjyefonf/ q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;arQmfvifYae
aomvli,fukd rjrif&ao;acs/
q&mawmfBuD;u ckHwef;vsm;ay:wifxm;aomrSwfwrf; pm&GufxyfukdiJUBunfYvkdufjyefonf/
q&mawmfOD;P jyefvnfawG;awm jrifa,mifaerdaomtjzpfrsm;rSm rSwfwrf;xJwGif
okH;ykHESpfykHcefYtxdom a&;om;xm;aomtykdif;jzpfayonf/ qufvufjzpfysufaomtjzpfrsm;ukd
aemufxyfpmrsufeSm40rQcefYjzifYquf a&;om;xm;ayao;onf/
OD;Pi,fb0jzpfaom armifndKBuKHawGYcJY&onfY jzpf&yfrsm;rSm armifndKtouf8ESpft&G,f
wGif BuKHawGYcJU&jcif;jzpfavonf/
armifndKonf &efrsdK;EkdifESifYrjrpdrf;wkdY\b0rsm; ed*kH;csKyf tqkH;owfoGm;jyD[kyif xifcJUonf/
uG,fvGefjyD;olrsm;\jzpftifonf urmavmurS wjznf;jznf;aysmufuG,fysufokef;oGm;vdrfYrnf[k
49
aqmif;vkvif
xifcJUonf/ vlwkdYonfvnf; umvBumjrifYvmonfESifYtrQ xkdtjzpfwkdYukd arYavsmYoGm;vdrfYrnff[k
xifrSwfcJUay\/
okdYaomf 0JBoCoHo&mBuD;um; jyD;aysmufysufokOf;oGm;onf[kr&Sdygwum;/ ow0gwkdY\
b0oHo&mum; &Snfvsm;axGjym;vSygacswum;/
touf8ESpft&G,fwGifBuKHawGYcJU&aom armifndK\tawGYtBuKHrsm;onf aemifESpfaygif;20Bum
jrifYonf jyefvnfqef;opf&SifoefvmvdrfYrnf[k rnfoluxifrSwfygrnfvJ/
xl;qef;ayGvDaom avmu\tjzpfoepfrsm;ukd q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u okdY qufvuf
rSwfwrf;wifxm;jyefav\/
aoEkdifyg&kd;vm;__ avbmwD&,f __
aywpf&mqDavQmufygvdkU__ jrifoavmufjyvdkufcsif ygonf__
tajcvJwkd;w,f__ taevJwkd;w,f_
raoyJukd;uG,f__ arQmfawmfrlBuonf ___
aBomf- rrkef;eJYaemfuRefrtwnf__
&kyfawmfawmfvSygonf__ wkH;ausmfravbmwD__
uREkfyfum; touf8ESpft&G,fwGifBuKHawGYcJUaom tjzpfrsm;ukdrarYEkdifcJYay/ roufqkdifolrsm;
tzkdY umvBumvQif arYavsmUaumif;arYavsmYoGm;rnfjzpfaomfvnf; uREkfyftzkdYrl uREkfyfcspfaom rrjr
ESifY uREkfyf\ol&Jaumif;BuD;ukd&efrsdK;edkifwkdYukd arYEdkifawmYrnfr[kwfawmYygay/
ukd&efrsdK;EkdifuG,fvGefjyD;aemuf 4if;zGJYpnf;xm;cJYaom &Gmumvom;rsm;yg0ifonfY awmfvSef
a&;wyfzGJUonfvnf; acgif;aqmifr&SdonfYtwGuf 0g;tpnf;ajyovdk jydKuGJcJU&avawmYonf/
uREkfyf\rdbrsm;ukdvnf; &efrsdK;EdkifESifYrjrpdrf;tcspfa&;wGif uREkfyfyg0ifulnDonfYtwGuf
qkdum olBuD;u olYtdrf0kdif;xJrSESifcsvdkufavonf/
rdbwkdYonf toufBuD;awmifYBuD;rm;rS tjcm;&GmokdYoGm;um v,fol&if;iSm;b0jzifY touf
quf&&Smav\/ uREkfyfukdum; anmifyifqdyf&Gmbkef;BuD;ausmif;yif tyfESHxm;cJUavonf/
uREkfyftoufq,feSpfjynfYcsdefwGif rdbrsm;onf &SdorQaiGaBu;av;rsm;pkaqmif;um uREkfyftm;
&SifjyKay;&Smay\/ q&mawmfBuD;u uREkfyf\omraPtrnftm;]P}[krSnfYac:ay;cJUavonf/
ukd&if0wfb0jzifY wpfESpfrQBumonfwGif uREkfyf\ rdcifa':q,frSm rD;,yfa&m*gjzifY qkH;yg;
oGm;avonf/
zcifonf uREkfyftm; &moufyefouFef;0wfjzifYaexkdif&efem;cscJYayonf/ ausmif;xkdifbkef;BuD;
ukdvnf;tyfESHavQmufxm;cJUav\/ uG,fvGefolrdcifuvnf; uREkfyftm; &[ef;b0jzifYjrifvdkcJU
onf[k zcifBuD;uajymjyayonf/
uREkfyfonfvnf; uREfkyf\vkyf&yfaBumifY rdbrsm; BuD;awmifYBuD;rm;rS qif;&Jyifyef;&onfY
tjzpfukd axmufxm;um rdbrsm;qEtwkdif; &moufyefouFef;0wf&ef oabmwlcJUav\/
jyD;qkH;cJUjyD[kxifaomjzpf&yfrsm; wpfzefjyefvnftouf0ifvmonfrSm uREkfyf\touf33ESpf?
&[ef;0g130gt&wGifjzpfayonf/
xkdtcsdef uREfkfyfonf &[ef;awmfrsm;twGufowfrSwfaompmar;yGJrsm;atmifjrifjyD;um OD;Zif;
wpfyg;tjzpf &GmOD;ausmif;yif oDwif;okH;aecsdefjzpfay\/
tcsdefum; jrefrmou&mZf1286? c&pfESpf1924jzpfayonf/
anmifyifqdyf&Gmuav;onf a&S;uxufykdrkdpnfum;aecsdefjzpfay\/
&GGmpyg;oD;ESHtxGufaumif;um pD;yGm;a&;wkd;wufvmcJYavjyD/ qdyfurf;vnf; pufoabFm?
pufavSrsm; O'[kd0ifxGufum a&mif;0,fazmufum;vQuf&SdacsjyD/ qefpufwnfaxmifEkdifolrsm;yif
ay:aygufvmum om,mpnfyifvQuf&SdaeavjyD/
50
aqmif;vkvif
aBu;a&wwfwkdY\om;orD;rsm;onfvnf; jrdKUynmoGm;a&mufoifBum;EkdifBu ynmwwf
yk*dKvfrsm;vnf;ay:xGef;vmcJYavjyD/
pnfyif0ajymvmonfESifYtrQ yGJvrf;obifrsm;vnf; usif;yvmBuavonf/
bkef;BuD;ausmif;awmifukef;ay:&Sd ] twkvrm&Zdef } bGJUrnf&Sd vGrf;apwDav;ukdtaBumif;
jyKum &Gmbk&m;yGJtjzpf ESpfpOftjidrfYyGJrsm;iSm;&rf;usif;ycJUavonf/
xkdtcsdef jrefrmjynfwGif&kyf&Sifvkyfief;ay:xGef;aeonfrSm okH;av;eSpfrQ&SdacsjyD/ okdYaomf
anmifyifqdyf&Gmol&Gmom;rsm;rlum; &kyf&SifukdrBunfYzl;Buao;acs/ uREkfyfukd,fwkdifyif rEav;jrdKYokdY
pm0goifBum;&efoGm;a&mufaexkdifzl;aomfvnf; &kyf&Sifac:"mwf&Sifukd wpfBudrfrS rBunfYcJYzl;ay/
&GmyGJvrf;usif;y&mwGif tjidrfYukdomtm;xm;iSm;&rf;Buay\/
,ckESpfwGif.. &GmvlBuD;rsm; iSm;&rf;xm;aomtjidrfYrSm.. avbmwDrjr&iftjidrfYjzpfaonf/
avbmwDrjr&ifqkdonfYtrnfonf ,ckESpfykdif;twGif;owif;arT;vQuf&Sday\/ xkdrif;orD;rnfrQ
awmf ausmfBum;&onfukdrl &[ef;wpfyg;jzpfaom uREkfyftzkdYapYik&efrvdktyfygay/
bk&m;yGJcsdefrsm;wGifvJ uREkfyfonf &[ef;*kPfodumESifYtnDaexkdifoljzpf tjidrfYyGJZmwfyGJ
rsm;ukdBunfY&SKjcif;rjyKcJUygay/
&Gmbk&m;yGJukd apwDESifYausmif;&Sd&mawmifukef;atmufajcESifY &Gm\taemufzuftpyfjzpfaom
uGif;jyifus,fBuD; usif;yjrJjzpfavonf/
xkdESpfubk&m;yGJonf vGefpGmpnfum;um.. &GmeD;csKyfpyf&Gmrsm;rSyif avSwpfwef?vSnf;wpfwef
ESifY vma&mufBunfY&SKBuav\/ uREkfyfwkdY\ausmif;atmufxyfvnf; bk&m;yGJvm &yfa0;y&dowf
rsm;jzifY pnfum;aeavonf/
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yGJaemufqkH;nwGif bk&m;a*gyuwpfOD;jzpfolOD;armifuHu uREkfyftm;vma&mufavQmufxm;
avonf/
] ODZif;BuD;bk&m;? OD;Zif;BuD;ukd rif;orD;av;uzl;awGYcsifvdkY wynfYawmfukd cGifYawmif;ckdif;
vdkufvkdYygbk&m; }
] b,furif;orD;av;vJ'umBuD;&JU }
] wynfYawmfwkdY&GmyGJrSmuaewJU avbmwDrjr&ifqkdwJUtjidrfYrif;orD;av;ygbk&m; }
] olu bmvkdYusKyfukdzl;csif&owJUwkef; }
] tJ'gawmY rodbl;bk&m;? wpfcsdefu olBuD;orD; rjrpdrf;wkdYtdrfrSmaeoGm;wJU armifndKqkdwm
'D&GmrSm&Sdao;vm;vdkUar;awmU wynfYawmfwkdUu OD;Zif; bkef;BuD;0wfeJU 'Dausmif;rSm&SdaBumif; ajym
vdkufw,f? tJ'geJU olu OD;Zif;ukdawGYcsifw,f? zl;csifw,fvdkY cGifYawmif;ckdif;vkdufvdkYyg bk&m; }
] tqef;ygvm;? &yfa0;u OD;Zif;awGursm; pum;trSm? pmtrSm yg;vdkufvdkYvm;? at;av
uG,f.. bkef;BuD;ausmif;ukd Ak'bmomrSef&if b,folvmvm&wmyJ? zl;csifoyqkdvJ vTwfvdkufaygU }
uREkfyfrSm rif;orD;u uREkfyfukdzl;awGYcsifonfqkd tenf;i,fawmYtHUBordayonf/ uREkfyf
awG;ovdk rEav;okdY pm0goifBum;&efoGm;a&mufpOfu cifrif&if;ESD;cJUaom&[ef;wpfOD;wavu pm
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rsm;avvm;/
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ygonf/ olrESifYtwl uREkfyftwGuf xl;qef;tHUzG,fudpwpf&yfygvmvdrfYrnf[kawmY rxifrSwf
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uREkfyfum; rjr&ifukd yxrOD;qkH;tBudrfjrifzl;jcif;yifjzpfawmYonf/
rjr&ifonf olr\rdcifESifYtwl ausmif;ay:okdYwufvm&m olrukdjrifvdkufonfYuREkfyfonf
,ckrSyifjrifzl;aomfvnf; ,cifuoduRrf;zl;ouJUokdYrSwfxifvdkufrdavonf/
51
aqmif;vkvif
rjr&ifESifYolr\rdcifonf uREfkyfa&SUta&mufwGif BuKHUBuKHUxkdifvkdufjyD; OD;pGm bk&m;ukd
uefawmYvdkuf\/ xkdUaemuf uREkfyftm; OD;csvkdufavonf/
rjr&ifonf vGefpGmacsmarmvSonf[krqkdomaomfvnf; ,Ofaus;odrfarGY wnfjidrfaom&kyf
vuPm&SdonfY rdef;uav;wpfa,mufyifjzpfawmYonf/ rif;orD;jzpfaomfjim; qef;jym;aomt0wf
tqifrsm;jzifY qifjyifrxm;ay/ vuf&SnftusDtjzLESifY o&ufxnfxrDav;ukdomt&yfolrsm;ozG,f
0wfqifxm; avonf/
olrxHrStxl;jcm;qkH;rSm &Snfvsm;vSaomqHyifxlxlBuD;yifjzpfyg\/ rjr&ifu olr\qHyif
ukdxkH;zGJUrxm;yJ pnf;aESmifumaemufokdYcsxm;avonf/ Burf;jyifay:xkdifae&mwGif olr\qHyif
axG;BuD;rSm Burf;jyifay:okdY ykHusvQuf&Sdavonf/
] tdrf;- OD;Zif;wkdU&GmrSm vmjyD;qkd&u&wm tqifrSajy&JUvm;uGJU }
om;trdESpfa,muf0wfjznfYtjyD;wGif uREfkyfupwif y#doEm&pum;qkdvkdufavonf/
rjr&ifujyefrajzyJ olr\rdcifuom jyefajzavonf/
] wifygUbk&m;? tpptqifajyygw,fbk&m;? &GmvlBuD;rsm;uvJ *kpdkufBuygw,f }
uREfkyfESifYolr\rdcif pum;ajymaepOfwGif rjr&ifonf uREkfyftm;ai;pkdufvQufBunfYaeav
onf/ rif;orD;jzpfaomfvnf; pum;enf;ykH&ayonf/
oli,fronf toufESpfq,ft&G,fcefU&Sdrnfjzpfum ajEodumESifYjynfYpkHvSayonf/
] b,ft&yfu vmu&ovJ? awmfawmfc&D;vSrf;ovm;}
] wynfYawmfrwkdUu ompnfolawGygbk&m;? ompnfuvmcJU&ygw,f }
] tvkd? c&D;vSrf;oukd; }
] wifygU? wynfYawmfruvJ t&ifu rif;orD;wpfvufygbk&m;? emrnfu rPf,kH
vkdYac:ygw,f? rjr&if tazuvJ rif;om;yg? awmZmwfuav;axmifjyD; vifr,m;eSpfa,muf Zmwf
u pm;BuvkdY t&yfwumvSnfYoGm;&wm kd;aeygjyDbk&m; }
] aBom.. rsdK;eJU&kd;eJUobifonfawGukd; }
] rSefygU? olYzcifqkH;awmY rjr&ifi,fi,fyJ&Sdygao;w,f? tJ'Duwnf;u Zmwfem;vkdufwm
rjr&ift&G,fa&mufrSyJ oluvJ tutckef0goemygvkdU tjidrfYav;jyefaxmifjzpfygw,f }
uREkfyfESifYolrrdcif pum;ajymaepOfwGif rjr&ifonf uREkfyftm;ai;pkdufvQufomBunfYaeay\/
] 'geJU ODZif;eJUawGYcsifw,fqkdwm wjcm;udprsm;&SdvkdUvm;'umrBuD;wkdU }
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okdYvSnfYBunfYvdkufav\/
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olr\rdcifu rjr&ifukdwkdufwGef;vdkufav\/
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] 'umrav;avQmufp&m&Sd avQmufygav }
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uREkfyfonf rjr&ifukdBunfY&if;tHUBooGm;avonf/ olr ikd&SdKufaeyguvm;/ armfBunfYvdkuf
aomrjr&if\rsuf0ef;wGif rsuf&nfrsm;pkdpGwfaeum rsuf&nfwkdYonfyg;jyifay:okdY pD;usaeayonf/
xkdYtjyif rjr&ifarmfBunfYvkdufonfYtckduf uREkfyftod wpfpkHwpfckukdowd&oGm;avonf/
rsuf&nfa0aom rsufvkH;rsm;jzifY olrarmfBunfYvdkufaomoGifjyifukd uREkfyfonf &if;&if;ESD;ESD; odzl;
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] tndK? tndK }
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] [if }
52
aqmif;vkvif
rjr&if\pum;aBumifY uREfkyfrSmBuufoD;jzef;jzef;xoGm;avawmYonf/
] rif; ... rif; .. }
] rrjrygtndK&JU? rif;&JUrrjryg? rjr&if[m rif;&JU rrjr? rjrpdrf;av.. }
] tkd.. orD;? jr&if? owdxm;yguG,f? OD;Zif;[m orD;xuftouftrsm;BuD;BuD;wJU &[ef;
wpfyg;qkdwmowdxm;ygOD;? OD;Zif;em;vnfatmif at;at;aq;aq;&Sif;jyBu&atmif orD; }
rdcifBuD;u rjr&if\vufarmif;ukdukdifvSKyfumowday;vkdufavonf/
xkdtcsdef uREkfyfonf tvkH;pkHukd apYikpGmod&Sdem;vnfvdkufrdygavjyD/
avbmwDrjr&ifukdjrifpu ,cifujrifzl;cJUoa,mifxifcJYrdonfukd4if;? olr\tBunfYrsm;ukd
&if;eSD;oa,mif xifcJUrdonfukd4if; uREkfyfoabmaygufvdkufygavjyD/
] &Sif;atmifajymygOD; }
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\pdwfo@mef ukd&efrsdK;EkdifESifYrjrpdrf;wkdY\ykH&dyfrsm; &kwfcsnf;xif[yfvmavonf/ aBomf.. olwkdY
uG,fvGefcJUonfrSmyif tESpf20ru BumcJYygjyDaum/
] 'DvdkygOD;Zif;? wynfYawmfrorD; rjr&ifuav;[m vl0ifpm;wpfa,mufyg&Sif? olpum;
wwfcgpt&G,frSmyJ ol[m a&epfaocJUwJUtaBumif;ajymjyygw,f }
] a&epfaocJUw,fwJUvm; }
] [kwfygw,f? olYemrnf[m t&ifb0 rjrpdrf;vdkY ac:aBumif;vJoluajymjyygw,f }
] [if-tifrwefrS Zmwd&Pfaumif;aywmyJ? aBomf.. rjr&if[m rjrpdrf;0ifpm;cJUolukd;?
b,ftwkdif;twmtxdrsm; twdwfukdrSwfrdcJUovJ? OD;Zif;ukd tndKvkdY ac:vkdufykHaxmufawmU
twdwftaBumif;tvkH;pkHukd rSwfrdykH&w,f }
] tJ'DvdkawmYr[kwfygbl;bk&mY? wynfYawmfr[m wpfcsdefu a&xJckefcscJUwmawGukd rsufpd
xJrSmrBumcPjyefjrifrdygw,f? jyD;awmY vltkyfpkBuD;&,f? wynfYawmfr&JUcspfoltavmif;[m jrpft
xufzufuarsmvmwmawG&,fukd jyefjyD; rSwfrdygw,f }
rjr&ifu ukd,fwkdif0ifajymvkdufonf/
] tJ'Dwkef;uawmY ukd&efrsdK;Edkif&JUemrnfukdrrSwfrdygbl;? jyefjrifa,mifrdwJUtjzpftysufukd
axmufqjyD; wynfYawmfr&JU cifyGef;jzpfol[m vlqkd;olqkd;awGowfvdkYaooGm;&w,f? wynfYawmfr
[mvJ cifyGef;onfaemufukd a&xJckefcsvkdufaocJUw,fvdkY xifrSwfrdygw,f? tarwkdUukdvJ tJ'D
twkdif;yJ ajymjycJUygw,f }
] 'gjzifY rjr&ifrSwfrdwm[m b0ul;cgeD;acwcPtjzpfukdom rSwfrdwmaygU }
] wifygUbk&m; }
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] rrSwfrdygbk&m; }
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] 'gu'Dvdkygbk&m;? wynfYawmfrukd anmifyifqdyf&GmrSmtjidrfYuzkdYvmiSm;awmU wynfYawmfr
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c&D;yef;wJU'PfrcHEkdifygbl;? jrdKUay:rSmyJ yGJcsDpdwfpdwfuae&awmUum &GmyGJav;awGukd vufrcH
wJUoabmyg }
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] anmifyifqdyf&GmyGJukdawmY oluvufcHr,fwJU? olUoabmtwkdif; wynfYawmfrvnf;
vkdufvmcJUwmyg? 'Da&mufjyD; ESpf&ufvJBuma&m? ol[mtwdwfb0u 'D&GmrSmaexkdifBuD;jyif;cJUaBumif;
eJU twdwfaBumif;awGtm;vkH;ukdrSwfrdjyDqkdjyD; ajymjyygw,f }
53
aqmif;vkvif
] b,fenf;b,fykHrSwfrdvmwmvJuGJU }
] anmifyifqdyf&GmqkdwJU &GmemrnfukdBum;uwnf;u xl;xl;jcm;jcm;cHpm;cJU&wJUwynfYawmfr
[m &Gmukdwpfzufurf;uae avSeJUul;vmcsdefupjyD; twdwfaBumif;awGukd jyefjyD; jrifa,mifvmyg
w,fbk&m;? yxrnyGJuaepOfrSm ZmwfckHay:uae wpf&GmvkH;ukdqD;jrifae&wJUjrifuGif;uvJ wynfY
awmfr&JUpdwfukd jyefjyD;ESdK;qGay;vdkufygw,f? yGJujyD; tdyf&m0ifwmeJU twdwfutaBumif;awGukd
tdyfrufvdkvdk jyefjyD;jrifa,mifvmrdwmygyJbk&m; }
] tif;av.. b0wpfckpDjcm;oGm;jyDqkdayr,fY tjzpfawGuBumrSrBumao;yJukd;? tESpf20ausmfkH
av;&Sdao;wmuvm;? tESpf20qkdwm[m vlYb0oufwrf;wpfckeJUESdKif;,SOf&ifawmif wkdawmif;wJU
umvwpfckayyJ? i,fpOfuwnf;u twdwfb0wpfpdwfwpfykdif;ukd rSwfrdaewJUrjr&iftwGuf ae&m
a[mif;ukdjyefa&mufvmawmU tvkH;pkHjyefrSwfrdoGm;wm rqef;awmYygbl;av }
] rSefygYbk&m;? wynfYawmfr[m rjrpdrf;b0u tjzpfpkHukdrSwfrdvdkufwmeJUwjydKifxJ trnf
emrrsm;? ,cifb0u rdbrsm;eJU tjzpftysufrsm;tm;vkH;ukdjyefowd&vdkufygw,f? tndKqkdwJU
oli,fav;ukdvJ rSwfrdvdkufygw,f? wynfYawmfr &GmxdyfuusD;yg;pyfauGYeJU usD;yg;pyf0Jxdatmif
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wpfcsdefuvlBuD;rsm;r&SdawmYwmukd wynfYawmfpkHprf;BunfYvdkUodjyD;ygjyD? armifndKqkdwJUtndKuawmY
'Dausmif;rSmouFef;0wfeJU&Sdaew,fqkdwmod&vdkU vmcJU&jcif;yg }
] 'gjzifY rjr&if[m rjrpdrf;0ifpm;oljzpfaBumif; tjcm;olrsm;ukd ajymcJYjyDaygU }
] b,folUukdrSrajymygbk&m;? wynfYawmfrzmom Oyg,fwrsnfeJUpkHprf;jcif;jzpfygw,f }
] aumif;ayw,f? ukd,fwkdifBuKHawGU&vdkYom tqef;wBu,fudpBuD;xifrSwf&ayr,fY wu,f
awmU b0wpfcku ajymif;a&TYjyD; aemufb0wpfckrSm0ifpm;w,fqkdwm[m qef;jym;wJUudpr[kwf
aybl; }
] wifygYbk&m; }
] 'DawmYum rjr&if[m wpfcsdefu 'D&Gmolrjrpdrf;jzpfwJUtaBumif; b,folUukdrSajymraeygeJU
awmUav? wu,fawmU OD;Zif;wkdUavmuDom;rsm;[m oHo&mu rvGwfajrmuforQumvywfvkH;
b0awG wpfckjyD;wpfckajymif;a&TUa&muf&SdBu&wmrkdY rqef;Bu,fvSygbl;? vlUb0omru &Hzef&HcgrSm
wd&pmeftjzpf oHo&mrSmusifvnf&wmukdvJ wkdU&JUbk&m;&Sifu a[mBum;cJUjyD;jzpfw,f? bk&m;&Sif
ukd,fawmfwkdifyif wd&pmefb0? aus;iSufom&umb0rsm;rSmusifvnfcJU&ao;r[kwfvm; }
] rSefygUbk&m; }
] at;-b0wpfckjyD;qkH;vdkY aemufb0wpfckrSmajymif;a&TU0ifpm;&wm[m rjr&ifwpfa,mufxJ
r[kwfaybl;? vlwkdif;[m oHo&murvGwfajrmuforQ b0trsdK;rsdK;rSmusifvnf&jrJyJ? Vljyefjzpf
&ifjzpfr,f? wd&pmefjzpf&ifjzpfr,f? vljyefjzpfaomfvJ vlrsdK;uGJ?bmomuGJb0eJU a&jcm;ajrjcm;rSm
0ifpm;&ifvJ 0ifpm;vdrfYr,f? rjr&ifuawmU Zmwd&Pfaumif;rGefolrkdY twdwfb0ukdjyefjyD;
od&jcif;ayyJ }
] wifygUbk&m; }
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] &Sif;atmifrdefYawmfrlygOD;Zif; }
] od&jcif;onf od&jcif;omjzpfw,f'umrav;? twdwfb0ukdod&vdkU 'umrav;rjr&ifrSm
bmrStusdK;xl;cHpm;&p&mr&Sdbl;? twdwfjzpf&yftwGuf pdwfESvkH;ndSK;EGrf;kH &SdayvdrfYr,f? vl0ifpm;
qkdolrsm;[mvJ kwfw&uftpdrf;ao taoqkd;eJUaoolrsm;rSmom txl;ojzifYjyefrSwfrdwwfBuwm
rsdK; jzpfw,fuGJU }
] wifygYbk&m; }
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aumif;rSKeJUwuG avmuDb0wufvrf;ukdBuHaqmifayawmY'umrav; }
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wwfpGrf;orQw&m;jya[mBum;cJUavonf/
54
aqmif;vkvif
olronf ,cifrjrpdrf;b0u cspfol&efrsdK;EkdifaojyDtxifjzifY a&xJokdYvkdufygckefqif;
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ay;vSnfYpm;cJUjcif;ukd4if;? rjrpdrf;zcif olBuD;rif;\ aoewfjzifYypfcwfcH&rS &efrsdK;Ekdif wu,f
aoqkH;&onfukd4if;.. rod&Smay/ tjzpfrSefrsm;ukdom uREfkyfajymjyvkdufygu rjr&ifwpfa,muf ,cif
b0uqkH;jzwfcsufrSm;,Gif;cJYrSKtay: aemifww&m;& qkH;awmYrnfr[kwfygay/
uREkfyfonf tjzpfrSeftm; rjr&ifukdajymrjyawmYygay/ rdrdtwGufvJtusdK;r&Sd? olwxl;
twGufvJtusdK;r&Sdaompum;onf rajymoifYaompum;trsdK;tpm;xJyg0ifonf r[kwfygavm/
] 'umrav;rjr&ifukd b,fESckeSpfrSmarG;zGm;cJUwmvJ}
] 1266ckESpfygbk&m; }
a':Pf,kHuajzvdkufonf/
] toufESpfq,f&SdjyDaygU? aBomf.. rjrpdrf;uG,fvGefjyD; ig;eSpftBumrSm vltjzpfukdjyefjyD;
0ifpm;oudk; }
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8ESpft&G,f? 1261 ckESpf cspfoleSpfOD;uG,fvGefcJUBujcif;jzpfavonf/
rrjrac:rjrpdrf;onf xkdpOfu uREkfyfxuftouf10ESpfBuD;ay\/ touf18ESpft&G,fwGif
uG,fvGefcJU&jcif;jzpfavonf/
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] OD;Zif;bk&m;? wynfYawmfrwpfckavQmufxm;yg&ap }
rjr&ifu uREkfyftm;vuftkyfcsDumajymvkdufavonf
] avQmufyg'umrav; }
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] a&Tjynfpkd; }
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atmfoHjzifYyif tcsufay;cJU&onfr[kwfavm/
] rSwfrdygw,f'umrav; }
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57
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59
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60
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61
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62
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63
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64
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65
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] jr&ifESpfukdav? jr&ifESpf[m rjr&ifvl0ifpm;yJ? wenf;tm;jzifY rjrpdrf;vl0ifpm;aygY?
bkef;bkef;BuD;qkawmif;ay;cJYwJUqkawmif;u jynfYawmYr,fxifyg&JUarar&,f }
] bmuGJU? bmbkef;BuD;qkawmif;vJ }
] bkd;bkd;wkdY? avbmwDrjr&ifwkdYtaBumif;ukdrSwfwrf;a&;cJUwJU bkef;bkef;BuD;&JUqkawmif;av?
bkef;bkef;BuD;u ed*kH;rSm aemifjzpfav&mb0wkdif; ,ckvkdtjzpfrsdK;uuif;vGwfjyD; cspfoleSpfOD;aygif;&yg
apvdkU qkawmif;ay;xm;w,fav }
] &efav;&,f? om;.. tJ'gbmjzpfvJ }
] 'kwd,b0taeeJUjyefqkHBuwkef;u touft&G,fcsif;uGmjcm;vdkY aygif;cGifYqkHcGifYr&cJUbl;? Tck
wwd,b0rSmawmY om;eJUjr&ifeSpfqkH&awmYrSmaygUarar? om;wkdYESpfa,muf[m ckb0rSm oufwl&G,f
wlawGjzpfaeBujyD? 'g[m bkef;bkef; BuD;qkawmif;ay;cJUwJUqkawmif;jynfYwmyJ }
] 'Dr,fom;? jr&ifESpf[m rjr&ifwkdY? rjrpdrf;wkdY0if pm;ygw,fvkdY rif;ukdb,folu ajymao;
vkdUvJuG,f? rif;[mrif; wpfzufowfxifaewmygvm; }
]om;uum,uH&SifyJ? odwmaygYarar? jr&ifESpf[mrEav;uqkdwmawmUod&jyD? olUtaBumif;
ukdom;pkHprf;jyD; ol&SdwJUae&mukdvkdufr,farar }
a':&SKwkdif;,Ofonf om;jzpfolukd&Da0pGmBunfYvkduf\/ oufjyif;ukdvnf;csvdkufavonf/
olYtazeJUwkdifyifjyD; om;&JUra&&mwJU? obm0ruswJU pGJvrf;rSKawGukdzsuf&ayrnf/ a':&SK
wkdif;,Ofonf &efwkdif;atmif\w,loefpdwf"mwfukd wnfYrwfay;&efqkH;jzwfvkdufav\/
jr&ifeSpfqkdwJUrdef;uav;ukdr&Smap&yg? rawGUap&yg/
70
aqmif;vkvif
rEav;aq;wuokdvfa&SY &efwkdif;atmifa&mufaeonf/ tawmfyifaBumifpDpDEkdifaoma&muf
jcif;jzifY a&muf&Sdaejcif;jzpfyg\/
rEav;ukda&mufzl;aomfvnf; aq;wuokdvfukdwpfcgrS ra&mufzl;ay? jzwfoGm;jzwfvmyif
&Sdzl;um 'g-aq;wuokdvfyJ[kodrSwfxm;kH&SdcJUonf/
jr&ifESpfukdvm&SmawmY aq;wuokdvfeSifYywfouf&r,fvdkUvJ vkH;0rarQmfvifYcJUyg/
ckawmY ol&SmaewJU jr&ifESpfqkdwJUrif;orD;av;[m rEav;aq;wuokdvfausmif;olwJUav/
tpfukd0rf;uGJay;vkdufonfY qkdifu,fukdpD;um aq;wuokdvfa&SUa&mufawmY ausmif;xJvnf;
r0if&J? ausmif;a&SY yvufazmif;rSmyif qkdifu,fukduyf&yfum ausmif;xJukdai;aerdonf/
qkdifu,fjrdKUawmfjzpfonfYtm;avsmfpGm ausmif;BuD;a&SYuGufvyfus,fBuD;eSifYtjynfY armfawmf
qkdifu,fawGjynfYaeonf/ jr&ifESpfonf b,fvdkykHpHESifYausmif;xJrSxGufay:vmrnfenf;/
aq;wuokdvfa&SUxda&mufcJU&aomfvnf; jr&ifESpf b,ftwef;rSmwufaeonfukd &efwkdif;
atmif rodao;/ aq;ausmif;rSm&Sdw,fqkdwJUowif;t&om vmcJU&jcif;jzpfonf/
jr&ifESpfu 'l;qpfausmfonfxd&Snfvsm;aomqHyif&SnfBuD;ukd aemufwGifkd;kd;av;pnf;aESmif
um... pmtkyfrsm;ukdykduf rsufvTmukdcsumwvSrf;csif;nifompGmavQmufvSrf;&if; ausmif;xJrSxGuf
ay:vmrnfYykHukd &efwkdif;atmifrsufpdxJrSm jrifa,mifBunfYaerdonf/
cPBumawmY twef;wpfwef; qif;vkduf[efwlonf? ausmif;om;ausmif;olwpftkyf ausmif;
xJuxGufvmBu\/
&efwkdif;atmifonf ausmif;t0em;txdavQmufoGm;um ausmif;xJrSxGufvmonfYausmif;ol
rsm;ukd rsufajcr jywftuJcwfBunfYvkdufonf/
ausmif;oltm;vkH; qkdifu,frsm;&yfxm;&mokdUoGm;Bu\/ xkdtxJrSm qHyif&Snfolqkd wpf
a,mufrSrygay/
ausmif;olrsm;onf qkdifu,fukdpufESdK;um &efwkdif;atmif&yfBunfYaeonfY txGufaygufrS 0l;
ueJ armif;xGufoGm;Buavonf/ tmvkH;u qkdifu,fpD;OD;xkwfukd aqmif;xm;Bu rsufESmrsm;
ukdaocsmtuJrcwfvkdufEdkifay/ okdUaomf qHyif&Snfolwpfa,mufrSryg xkdtxJrSm jr&ifESpf ryg
Edkifao;yg/
&efwkdif;atmif qufapmifYonf/
ausmif;om;wkdYonf wpfokwfjyD;wpfokwfausmif;qif;vmBu\/ ausmif;oltrsm;tjym;yg
aomfvnf; xkdtxJwGif jr&ifESpfukd&SmrawGYay/ ta0;uBunfYklHESifYjrifEdkifonfY qHyif&Snfxm;olukd
yifrawGY&acs/
&efwkdif;atmifonfZGJESifYqufapmifYae&m ausmif;a&SYrSm&yfxm;onfYqkdifu,ftm;vkH; ukefoGm;
avownf;/
naevnf;apmif;jyD/
&efwkdif;atmifu oufjyif;ukdcsvdkufonf/
jr&ifESpf[m wu,fa&m aq;ausmif;olwpfa,muf [kwfyg&JUvm;/
olonf pdwfysufpGmjzifY qkdifu,fukdwufcGpufeSdK;um wnf;ckdtdrfukdjyef&efxGufvmcJUonf/
rjyefcif ausmif;ukdwpfywfywfBunfYzkdUtBuH&onfESifY nmzuftwkdif;uyfarmif;um ausmif;
y&0kPftESHUywfxGufcJUavonf/
xkdtcgrS olapmifYaeonfY a&SUrsufESmpmtaygufwpfckxJr[kwfyJ ausmif;\b,fzufab;wGif
0ifayguf xGufaygufBuD;wpfck&Sdao;wmukdawGYvkduf&onf/
jr&ifESpfonf xkdab;aygufrSxGufcsifvnf;xGufoGm;EkdifwmyJ/
xkdaeUuawmY &efwkdif;atmifonf jr&ifESpfukd&SmrawGYyJ wnf;cdktdrfokdYjyefcJU&avonf/
71
aqmif;vkvif
&efwkdif;atmif wnf;cdkaeonfYtdrfrSm OD;av;0rf;uGJwpfa,muf\tdrfjzpfonf/ xkdOD;av;onf
&efwkdif;atmif\tbkd;OD;BuHwkdif;atmif\tpfrrS arG;aomom;jzpfonf/ OD;BuHwkdif;atmif\tpfr a':
cifvSjrifYu rEav;om;ESifYtdrfaxmifusum vGefcJUaom eSpfaygif;ig;q,fausmfuyif rEav; t
ajccsaecJUonfrkdY rEav;olBuD;tjzpf uG,fvGefyifoGm;ygjyD/
a':cifvSjrifY\wpfOD;wnf;aomom; OD;oef;ausmfu arara':&SKwkdif;,OfESifY armifESr0rf;uGJ
awmfonf/ &efwkdif;atmiftwGufawmY OD;av;wpf0rf;uGJaygU/ OD;oef;ausmfwGif om;okH;a,muf&Sd&m
ti,fqkH;ukdygav;onf &efwkdif;atmifESifY&G,fwljzpfonf/
OD;oef;ausmfom;rsm;u rEav;wGif vnfywfESHUpyfolrsm;rkdU... &efwkdif;atmifu ukdygav;ukd
&efukefuwnf;u jr&ifeSpftaBumif;ukdpkHprf;ay;&efkzkef;qufcJUonf/
] [aumif &efav;&? jr&ifeSpfukdigodwmaygU }
zkef;qufuwnf;u ukdygav;u jr&ifESpfukdodaejyD;jyDqkd &efwkdif;atmif0rf;omoGm;onf/
] ukdygav;eJUcifwmvm;[if }
] cifawmYrcifygbl;? oltjidrfYuwm igBunfYzl;w,fav? olwkdUausmif;u uxdefyGJrSm ESpf
wkdif; oluw,fuG? rif;u wDAGDuaevTifYrSolUukdodwmrSKwfvm; }
] [kwfw,fav? jr&ifESpfu b,fausmif;rSmwufaewmvJukdygav; }
] aq;ausmif;rSmav }
] Asm- aq;wuokdvfvm; }
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a,mifjrifa,mifxm;&m aq;wuokdvfvdktqifYrsdK;&SdwJUausmif;u ausmif;olwa,mufvkdU xifukd
xifrxm;rday/
tHUBojcif;ESifYtwl tm;i,fpdwfvnf;0ifoGm;rdavonf/ ukd,fuawmU &kd;&kd;ar*smESifY ta0;
oifwufaeolrdkY ynmcsif; uGmvSrf;rSKtay: tm;i,foGm;&jcif;jzpfavonf/
] rif;u bmvkdUar;wmvJ&efav; }
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vnf; &SnfkHom&Sdayrnf/
] taBumif;&SdvdkUyg? uRefawmfolUukdawGYcsifw,f? uRefawmfrEav;ukdvmcJUr,fukdygav; }
] [-vkyfvScsnfvm;? bmvJ rif; 'Daumifrav;ukdvdkufrvdkUvm; }
] tif;.. }
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]uRefawmfwu,fajymaewmukdygav;? uRefawmfYrSmtaBumif;&Sdw,f?awGYrSajymjyr,f? rEav;
vm&if jr&ifESpf&SdwJUae&mukd uRefawmfUukdykdUay;ekdifrvm; }
] &ygw,f? bmcufvkdUvJ? aq;ausmif;ukdoGm;&Sm&ifawGUEkdifwmyJ }
] olu wu,fyJaq;ausmif;uaemf? ukdygav;b,fvdkodwmvJ }
] aq;ausmif;rSm igYoli,fcsif;awG&Sdw,fav? jyD;cJUwJUuxdefwkef;u oltjidrfYuaewm
igawGUcJUw,f? aeygOD; tJ'Dwkef;u aBujimawmUawmif omh'ftrfbDausmif;olav; jr&ifESpfvdkU
aBujimwmuG? igUoli,fcsif;awGar;BunfY&if tukefodEdkifygw,fuGm }
] ukdygav;? 'gqkd uRefawmfrEav;vmcJUr,fAsm }
] vmav? rif;tarvTwf&ifvmaygU }
] taruvTwfrSmAs? 'DtaBumif;eJUywfoufjyD; taru em;vnfrSK&SdjyD;om; }
wpfOD;xJaomom;av;ukd rsufpdatmufutaysmufrcHwJU ta':jzpfoltaBumif;ukdodxm;
ukdygav;uajymvkdufjcif;jzpfonf/
ukdygav;u &efwkdif;atmif rEav;ukdwu,fa&mufvmrnf[krxifcJUacs/ xkdUaBumifY &ef
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72
aqmif;vkvif
] rif;wu,fvmwmukd;? rif;orD;ukd wDAGDuaejrifkHeJU 'gavmufxdpGJvrf;wmawmU r[kwf
ao;ygbl;uGm }
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a&mufvmcJUjcif;jzpfygonf/
yxraeYwGif jr&ifESpfukdrawGUcJUao;/
jr&ifESpfu &efwkdif;atmifapmifYaeaomtaygufrSrxGufyJ ab;aygufrSxGufoGm;jcif;vnf; jzpf
Ekdifonf/ onfuaeY olwkdUtwef;r&SdvkdUvnf;jzpfEkdifonf/ ukdygav;tajymt& aemufqkH;ESpftykdif;
(u)ausmif;olqkdawmU aq;&kHawGrSmrsm; vufawGUqif;ae&ovm;? aq;wuokdvf\tavYtxukd
&efwkdif;atmif rodygay/
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&efwkdif;atmifonf a&SYrsufESmpmtaygufwGif wpfvSJY? ab;aygufokdU wpfvSJU oGm;a&mufum
acgufwkHUacgufjyefESifY jr &ifeSpfukd&SmykHawmfzGifYcJUonf/
wpfaeUomukefoGm;aomfvnf; jr&ifESpfESifYwlol rawGYcJUygay/
rwwfEdkifawmU? jrKdUcHjzpfwJYukdygav;ukdyJ tyluyf&ygawmYonf/
] ukdygav;? vkyfygOD;Asm? jr&ifeSpfukduRefawmf&SmrawGUbl;? uRefawmUfukdul&Smay;ygOD;Asm }
] rif;a&m*guvnf; rao;ygvm;&efav;&,f? cufawmUrcufygbl;? igYoli,fcsif;awG
igar;BunfYygUr,f }
] jrefjrefar;ay;ygAsm }
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ukdygav;u aq;ausmif;wufaeonfY olYoli,fcsif;qkdolxHzkef;qufar;BunfYay;avonf/
zkef;qufjyD;awmU jyKH;jyHK;BuD;olUzufvSnfYvm\/
] rif;u b,folUrSar;rBunfYyJ 'Dwkdif; vkduf&Smaewmukd;uG? wpfa,mufa,mufar;BunfU&if
odwmaygU? jr&ifESpfqkdwm emrnf&if;r[kwfzl;wJUuG? tjidrfUuzkdUoyfoyfrSnfYxm;wJUemrnfwJU }
] [if }
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] uJ-igUaumifu o&zDpD;wJU qkdifu,feHygwfygay;vkdufw,f? rSwfoGm; }
] [m.. }
ukdygav;u 1^,qkdifu,feHygwfwpfckukdajymjy\/
] qkdifu,feHygwfodrSawmU ausmif;wufaewkef;rSm qkdifu,fpwif;uqkdifu,fawGvkdufBunfU
jyD; qkdifu,fukd &Smxm;uGm? tJ'Dqkdifu,fem;u ausmif;qif;wJUtxdxkdifapmifYaeayawmU? rif;jr&if
ESpf b,fxGufajy;OD;rvJ }
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xkdUaemufolonf twef;vdkuf&yfxm;aom qkdifu,frsm;ukd wpfwef;csif;vkdufum eHygwf
rsm;ukdzwfBunfUav\/
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a&mifav;jzpfayonf?
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tcsdefukd pdwf&Snf&Snf xkdifapmifUaecJUavonf/
73
aqmif;vkvif
ausmif;rsm;qif;csdefa&mufawmU ausmif;om;rsm;ESifU ausmif;olwcsdKU ausmif;xJrSxGufvm\/
ukd,fUqkdifu,f&Sd&mokdU toD;oD;vmaeaomausmif;olrsm;ukdBunfU.. jr&ifESpfukd &efav;&SmBunfUae
avonf/
jr&ifESpfESifUwlolwpfa,mufrS rawGUrday/
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\/
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&efav;qufapmifUaevdkufonf/
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jyef\/
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qHyif&Snfolwpfa,mufrSryg/
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trsm;Bum;xJrSqGJxkwfaeavonf/
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ola&mufoGm;csdefwGif ausmif;olonf qkdifu,fay:okdY wufcGjyD;jzpfum qkdifu,fOD;xkyfukd
vnf; aqmif;xm;jyD;jzpf aeayonf/ aeumrsufrSefcyfBuD;BuD;ukdvnf; wyfxm;ygojzifU &kyf&nfukd
cefUrSef;&cufoGm;avawmU\/
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ukdygav;eHygwfrsm;rSm;ay;rdovm;/
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qkdifu,fjzifUxGufoGm;onfUrdef;uav;aemufrS vdkufBunfU&efqkH;jzwfvkdufonf/
olu olUqkdifu,fukdtjrefqGJxkwfvkdufjyD; pufESdK;vkdufonf/
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jcif;jzpfonf/
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74
aqmif;vkvif
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&SKyfaxG;aeavonf/ &efav;onf rEav;om;awGvkd qkdifu,fukdtjrefrarmif;&Jay/
onfvdkESifU rEav;wuokdvft0if0em;ta&mufwGif olrukdrsufcsnfjywfoGm;avawmUonf/
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&efav;onf aemufwpfaeUwGif jr&ifeSpfESifUqkHvQif ajym&rnfUpum;rsm;ukd pdwful;xJwGif
pDpOfBunfU&if;.. jyu'defukdtrSwfrxifvSrf;BunfUvdkuf&m reufzefonf paeaeUjzpfaewmukd odvkduf
&\/
[kwfayom;yJ/ 'DuaeUaomBumqkdawmU? reufzef pae/ pae?we*FaEGonfausmif;ydwf&uf/
ausmif;zGifY&ufa&mufonfxd pdwf&Snf&ShnfapmifU&ayawmUrnf/ jr&ifESpfb,frSmaew,fqkdwm
rodawmU tdrfvkdufBunfUzkdUvnf;tcufom;/
arara&? om;ukdrEav;rSmwpfywfavmufaezkdUcGifUjyKygOD;/
wevFmaeUwGifvnf; o&zDonf ukwifokH;&maq;&kH okdUvufawGUqif;&ef vmcJU&yg\/

ESpf&ufjcm;oGm;jyD;jzpf aomBumaeUu olrukdpum; vmajymcJUonfY vlxl;vlqef;ukd o&zD
arYaeavjyD/
okdUaomff ausmif;cef;xJrStxGuf ausmif;0wGif&yf arQmfBunfUaeaomxkdolukdtjrifwGif o&zD
csufcsif;rSwfrdoGm;onf/
xkdolu o&zDxGuftvmukdarQmfai;aeykHjzifU o&zDUukdtjrifwGif olUrsufESm0if;vufoGm;wmukd
owdxm;rdvdkuf\/
okdUaomf o&zDajcvSrf;wkHUoGm;avonf/ b,fvkdvlrSef;rod? bmrSef;rodonfUolUukd o&zD
rawGUcsifyg/ [kdaeUuvkd t"dyg,fr&SdwJUpum;awGvmajymaerSmpkd;onf/
o&zDwkHUueJ&yfoGm;onfukd twlygvmaomvSdKifxdyfxm;u tHUBo[efBunfU&if; olyga&m
&yfvdkufonf/ onfaeU vSdKifxdyfxm;rSm qkdifu,fygrvm ukwif300ukd o&zDUqkdifu,feSifUtwl
oGm;Bu&efxGufvmBujcif;jzpfonf/
] bmjzpfvdkUvJ[JU }
vrf;oGm;&if; &kwfw&uf&yfoGm;onfUo&zDUukd vSdKifxdyfxm;u ar;vkdufonf/
] a[Y-igajymajymcsif;vSnfUrBunfUeJUOD;aemf? rodromBunfU? [kdaeUu igUukdvl0ifpm;vkdU
vmajymwJUvl? ausmif; aygufrSm&yfaew,f }
o&zDuajymvkduf&m vSdKifxdyfxm;onf ausmif;t0qDokdU rodromapmif;iJUBunfUvkduf\/
] [JU? b,fqkd;vkdUwkef;? rkdufom;yJ }
] tkd? rkdufayr,fU olajymwmawGu tlaBumifaBumifukd? xm;prf;yg[,f }
] BunfU&wmawmUoem;p&mav;[JU? olajymwmawG wu,f[kwf[kwf-r[kwf[kwf? ol eifU
ukdpdwf0ifpm;aewmawmUaocsmw,f? eifjyefpdwf0ifpm;atmif wrifZmwfvrf;qifaewmvJjzpfcsifjzpf
rSmaygU }
vSdKifxdyfxm;uxifaBu;ay;&if; avQmufvmcJUBu&m qkdifu,frsm;xm;&mae&mokdU a&mufvm
cJUBuavjyD/
] a[m- olvmaejyD? 'kuygyJ }
o&zDwkdUqkdifu,fqDta&mufrSmyif oluvnf; o&zDwkdUtem;okdUa&mufvmav\/
] jruav;? tJ.. ro&zD? uRefawmf[kdaeUuajymcJUwmawG pOf;pm;vkdU&jyDvm;[if? ro&zD[m
rjr&if0ifpm;w,fqkdwm rSwfrdjyDvm; }
o&zDu vSdKifxdyfxm;ukdvSnfUBunfU&if; awGUw,fr[kwfvm;-qkdonfUoabmjzifU ar;aigUjy
&if; oufjyif;csvdkufonf/
&efav;onf ajyajyvnfvnfjzpfatmif rdwfqufjyD;rS pum;ajymcGifUawmif;rnf[k BudKpOf;pm;
xm;&ufrS jr&ifeSpfukdtawGUwGif ukd,fvdk&mukdom aZmjzifUajymvkdufrdonfUtwGuf ukd,fUukdukd,fyif
tjypfwifrdav\/
80
aqmif;vkvif
ol\pum;avmBuD;rSKaBumifU wpfzufrSwkHUjyefvmykHuvnf; rvSyawmUyg/
] cifAsm;aBumifvScsnfvm;? uRefawmfoGm;p&m&Sdao;w,f? rtm;bl;? cifAsm;eJYvJ pum;ajym
aezkdU tcsdefr&Sdbl;? cifAsm; uRefawmfhukdraESmuf,SufygeJU }
rEav;olo&zD\ ]cifAsm;}qkdonfUtokH;tESKef;BuD;u &efav;em;xJukd axmifUaxmifUBuD;0if
oGm;avonf/
] r[kwfygbl;Asm? uRefawmfajymcsifaZmBuD;oGm;vkdUyg? uRefawmfat;at;aq;aq; pum;
ajymyg&apAsm? uRefawmfrdaumif;zcifom;orD;yg ro&zD? uRefawmfajymr,fUpum;awGtwGuf
uRefawmfUrSmtaxmuftxm;tjynfUtpkH&Sdygw,fAsm }
] [ifUtif;? awmfjyD? 'grsdK;awG pdwfr0ifpm;bl;? uJ- z,fyg? uRefawmfwkdUrSmudp&Sdao;w,f?
ukwif300xdoGm;&rSm? vm-xdyfxm;? oGm;BupkdU }
o&zDu ESKwfrSvnf;ajym&if; qkdifu,fZufaomUukdzGifUum aomUukdaomUaygufxJxkd;xnfU
vdkufonf/ wpfqufxJyif qkdifu,fay:cGxkdifvkduf\/
] ro&zD? ro&zD? uRefawmfUemrnf &efwkdif;atmifvdkU ac:ygw,f? uRefawmf ro&zDukd
pum;at;at;aq;aq;ajymyg&apAsm }
] wuf- xdyfxm;? wkdUoGm;BupkdU }
o&zDu qkdifu,fukdpufESdK;&if;ajymvkduf&m vSdKifxdyfxm; aemufckHay:wifyvGJ0ifxkdifvkduf
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o&zD qkdifu,fukdarmif;xGufvdkufonfUtwGuf &efav;a&SUrSz,fay;vkduf&onf/
&efav;onf qkdifu,farmif;xGufoGm;aomo&zDUwkdUukd cPaBumifBunfUae&if; qufqHa&;
rajyjypfonfU rdrdukd,frdrdyJ tjypfwifrdavonf/ o&zDUukdawmUpdwfrqkd;rdyg/
o&zDUaemufukdvkduf&efowd&rS ukd,fUqkdifu,f&Sd&m tjrefajy;oGm;rdavonf/
o&zDajymoGm;onfUpum;xJrS ]ukwif300oGm;&r,f}qkdwm aq;&kHukd ajymwmxifonf/
ukwif300aq;&kHb,fem;rSm&SdrSef; &efav;rod/
bmyJjzpfjzpf.. jr&ifeSpfoGm;wwfonfUae&mwpfckukdawmUoJvGefp&jyD/ pkHprf;oGm;EkdifvQif awGU
zkdU tcGifUtvrf;awmU &Sdygao;&JU/
&efav;u tckcsufcsif;vnf; o&zDUaemufvkdufBunfh&ef olwkdUqkdifu,fukdtrDvdkufzkdU qkdif
u,fay:wufcGvkdufav\/
] eifuvJ[,f? tJYvkdypfypfcgcgBuD;rajymoifUygbl;? oem;ygw,f }

qkdifu,fxGufvmvmcsif; vSdKifxdyfxm;uajymvkduf jcif;jzpfonf/
] [JU? tJUvkdrajymvkdUb,fvdkajym&rSmvJ? olcsOf;uyfykHBuD;ukdu tlaBumifaBumif[mukd? Bum&if
igygaBumifoGm;vdrfU r,f[JU }
] 'gayr,fU olajymykHu olajymwJUpum;ukd,kHBunfwJUykHyJo&zD? wriftuGufqifaewmawmU
rjzpfEkdifbl; }
] at;av? 'gaBumifUaBumifw,fajymwmaygU? 'DvdkrjzpfEkdifwJUpum;awGukd ,kHBunfaew,fqkd
uwnf;u aemfr,f r[kwfvdkUaygU[,f }
vSdKifxdyfxm;u o&zDUukdjyefrajymawmUyJ xkdolUtaBumif;ukdawG;&if; qkdifu,faemufrSvdkuf
vmcJUonf/
] [,fawmU? olvkdufvmw,fo&zD }
qkdifu,fukd'vBurf;armif;vkdufvmonfU &efav;ukdjrifvkduf& a&SUrSo&zDukd vSdKifxdyf
xm;u owif;ykdUvkdufonf/
] 'kuygyJ[,f }
] eifu ukwif300oGm;r,fvkdUajymvkdufawmU ukwif 300xdvkdufvmawmUr,fxifyg&JU }
] iguvJ a,mifjyD;ajymvkdufrdw,f }
81
aqmif;vkvif
&efav;onf o&zDUqkdifu,fukdtrDarmif;vkdufvm&m.. vrf;&SdcsdKifUcGufrsm;? usif;rsm;ukd
ausmfvTm;vkdufonfUtcgwkdif; qkdifu,fajrmufajrmufwufoGm;onfukd vSdKifxdyfxm; jrifae&onf/
vSdKifxdyfxm;wkdUvdk oGm;aeusoltzkdUawmU onfvrf;wpfaBumwGif b,fae&musif;&Sdonf? csdKifU&Sd
onfukd odxm;jyD;om;rkdU uGif;a&SmifoGm;aeusjzpfygonf/
BunfU&wm xkdolonf 73vrf;ukdvmaeus[kwf[efrwl/ olUykHpHu o&zDUqkdifu,fukdrD&efom
tm&kHxm; twif;armif;vkdufaeykHrsdK;/
o&zDuvnf;qkdifu,ftarmif;jrefjrefrkdU olUqkdifu,fESifUvSdKifxdyfxm;wkdUqkdifu,frSm eD;uyf
rvmyJ cyfvSrf;vSrf;rSm &SdaeqJjzpf\/
xkdol uHaumif;w,fvkdUqkd&rvm;rod/ 73vrf;eSifU 35vrf;tqkHwGif rD;ydGKifUrdavonf/
rD;ydGKifUwGif&yfaepOf olU qkdifu,fu eD;uyfvmavonf/
qkdifu,fESpfpD; 0g;wpf&kdufcefUtuGmrSmyJ rD;ydGKifUpdrf;oGm;avonf/ o&zDu 73vrf;twkdif;
qufarmif;vm&m olvnf;ygvmavonf/
] vkdufvmwkH;yJawmU }
vSdKifxdyfxm;u oljriforQukd o&zDodatmifowif;ykdUvQuf&Sdonf/
] a[m-ckxdvkdufvmwkH;yJ }
73vrf;rS b,fzufokdUapGauGUonfUtauGUem;xd olursufcsnfrjywfygvmqJrkdU o&zDod
atmif ajymjyvkdufonf/
xkdvrf;utawmfyifBurf;ygonf/ cif;xm;aomuw&mrsm;uGmum.. ausmufwkH;rsm;ay:aejyD;
wcsdKUae&mrSm ajrusif;BuD;awGjzpfaeonfUvrf;Burf;rsdK;jzpfonf/
o&zDu oGm;aeusvrf;rkdU b,fae&musif;csdKifU&Sdonfukdodum a&SmifuGif;&if; t&Sdefrysuf
armif;aeaomfvnf;? oluawmUwnfUwnfUtwkdif;armif;vmum csdKifUcGuf&SdonfUae&mrsm; qkdifu,f
u ,drf;vkduf,dkifvkduf? ckefvSKyfvdkufESifUjzpfaeonf/
64vrf;auGUcgeD;ta&mufwGifawmU..
xkdvrf;auGUrSm ajrmif;ukdjzwfausmfxm;aomtkwfwHwm;wpfck&Sdum tkwfabmifujrifUaejyD;
tkwfabmifteD;ajrom;rsm;u edrfUusaeygonf/ ajrBuD;awGu zkefrSKefUjzpfum qkdifu,fbD;epf0if
onfxd xlxJae\/
o&zDu tkwfabmiftedrfUem;txd qkdifu,fukdauGUarmif;um wHwm;ay:ausmfwufvdkuf
csdefwGif..
oluvnf; aemufrStjrefvdkufvmum nmzuftcsdK;okdU vsifjrefpGmcsdK;auGUvdkufav\/
vrf;wavQmufukduRrf;ykHr&aomxkdvlonf o&zDUqkdifu,fudkrDvdkaZmuyfum tkwfabmiftjrifUukd
csdK;auGUvkdufonfUtwGuf..
qkdifu,fbD;u tkwfabmifESifUwapmif;taetxm;twkdif;wkdufrdum nmzufokdU wdrf;arSmuf
oGm;avawmU\/
] [,f- vJjyD? vJjyD }
vSdKifxdyfxm;u tvefUwBum;jzifU vTwfueJatmfvdkufrdavawmhonf/
vSdKifxdyfxm;atmfoHaBumifU o&zDuvnf; qkdifu,fb&dwfukd zGzGeif;um t&SdefwkHUoGm;av
onf/
] vJoGm;w,faygU? bmjzpfoGm;ao;vJ }
o&zDu cyfjznf;jznf;armif;ae&if;rS ar;vkdufavonf/
] o&zD? &yfOD;[JU? tajctaeqkd;ykH&w,f? olrxEdkifao;bl; }
o&zDu qkdifu,fukd&yf&Ekd;jzifU Za0Z0gjzpfaeonf/
vrf;wpfzufvufzuf&nfqkdifrS vli,fwcsdKUxvmjyD; xkdolUukdwGJxlay;aewmvnf;awGU&
onf/ wpfa,mufu vJaeaomqkdifu,fukdaxmifay;ae\/
olonf vlwGJjzifUx&yfvdkuf&mrS 'l;acG,kdifvJoGm;onfukd jrifvdkuf&jyefonf/
] o&zD? &yfOD;[,f? wkdUaemufvkdufvmwkH;jzpfwm? oGm;BunfUay;&atmifyg? oljyefvJoGm;
82
aqmif;vkvif
w,f[JU }
vSdKifxdyfxm;aemufwpfacgufajymvkdufrS o&zDu qkdifu,fukdvrf;ab;uyfum&yfvkdufonf/
qkdifu,fay:rSvnfjyef BunfYonf/
] jyefauGUarmif;vkdufyg[,f? tajctaeoGm;BunfU&atmif }
vSdKifxdyfxm;wkdufwGef;vGef; o&zDu qkdifu,fukd jyefauGUvdkufavonf/
qkdifu,fvJonfUae&mta&mufrSmawmU.. olUnmzufajcaxmufqDrS aoG;rsm;pD;usaewmukd
awGUvkduf&avonf/
] tkd }
aoG;rsm;onf 'l;qpfavmufqDrSpD;usaeum 0wfxm;aom*sif;abmif;bDtjyifzufxd pkd&TJae
ayjyD/ *sif;abmif;bDonf 'l;ay:onftxdjyJaejyD; tkwfckHESifUyGwfwkdufrd aoG;rsm;xGufaejcif;jzpf
onf/
olu csufcsif;rwfrwfr&yfEdkifaoykHjzifU vrf;ab;tkwfckHukdrSDxm;avonf/
] bmjzpfoGm;vJ[if }
o&zDuyif pwifar;vkdufygonf/
qkdifu,fukdvnf; olrSDaeonfUtkwfckHa&SUwGif&yfvkdufjyD; qkdifu,fay:rSqif;vkdufonf/
] ajcoyGwfwkdifvnfoGm;wmxifw,f? &ygw,f }
olu odyfrcHpm;&oa,mifESifUajymavonf/
wu,fawmUvnf; &efav;onf aoG;xGufonfUtemrS emaeaomfvnf; o&zDu qkdifu,f
jyefauGGUvmum ar;jref;azmf&aomaBumifU 0rf;omjyD; temukdarUoGm;jcif;jzpfygonf/
] cifAsm;qkdifu,fpD;vkdU&ygUrvm; }
o&zDuar;vkdufonf/
] r&bl;xifw,fAs? aoG;awGodyfxGufaewm }
ab;rSvmulay;aomvli,fwpfa,mufu ajymvkdufjcif;jzpfonf/
] aq;cef;oGm;vkdufygvm;? [kdem;rSmaq;cef;&Sdw,f }
wpfa,mufu 0ifajymjyefonf/
o&zDonf vSdKifxdyfxm;ukd tBuHawmif;ovkdvSnfUBunfU&if;ajymvkdufonf/
] wkdUac:oGm;rvm;a[ }
] ac:cJUav? tkdyD'DrSmjyay;vkdufwmaygU }
] olqkdifu,frpD;EkdifawmUbl;xifw,f? b,fvdkac:rvJ}
o&zDu ar;onfukdjyefrajymao;yJ vSdKifxdyfxm;u ab;rSBunfUaeolrsm;ukdajymvkdufav
onf/
] uRefrwkdUuaq;ausmif;olawGyg? ukwifokH;&mrSmvufawGUoGm;qif;rvdkU? olUukd uRefrwkdU
aq;&kHac:oGm;vkdufr,f }
vli,frsm;u vufzuf&nfqkdifxJokdUjyef0ifoGm;Buavonf/
] uJ? aq;&kHac:oGm;wmawmU[kwfygjyD? olqkdifu,frpD;EkdifyJb,fvkdac:rvJ }
o&zDar;cJUonfUar;cGef;ukdyif vSdKifxdyfxm;u jyefar;vkdufav\/
] eif olUqkdifu,farmif;jyD; olUukdwifac:cJU[m }
] tkd? rvkyfygeJU? olu eifUvlemyJ[m? eifwifac:aygU }
] [JU? bJUeJUigUvlem&rvJ }
] eifUaemufvkdufvmwmyJ }
] udpr&Sdygbl;Asm? uRefawmf'Dem;rSmyJaecJUygr,f? cPae&if temoufomoGm;rSmyg }
&efav;u olwkdUtjyeftvSefajymonfukdem;axmif tm;emum 0ifajymvkdufonf/
] uJygav? uRefrwkdUu q&m0efjzpfawmUr,fUvlawG? ukd,fUa&SUrSm vlwpfa,muftemw&jzpf
aewm 'Dwkdif;BunfUraeygbl;? o&zD? vlukdawmU eifwifac:cJYvkduf[,f? olUqkdifu,fBuD; igarmif;
cJUygUr,f? bJUeJUvJ? &Sifvkdufr,fr[kwfvm; }
83
aqmif;vkvif
] uRefawmf? uRefawmftm;emvkdUyg? 'gayr,fU vkdufcJUygr,f }
] [if; &SifUpum;BuD;uvJ? uJ-uJ- &SifUqkdifu,faomUay; }
vSdKifxdyfxm;u qkdifu,faomUvSrf;,lum axmifxm;aomqkdifu,fay: wufxkdifvkduf\/
qkdifu,fu qlyguyfrkdU rdef;uav;pD;vQifvnf; tqifajyawmfygao;onf/
] &Sif wufav? o&zDUaemufuwuf }
&efav;onf rdef;uav;armif;aomqkdifu,faemufrS xkdifvkduf&rSmukd &Sufvnf;&Suf tm;
vnf; emaerdonf/
] uJ? wufygukd,fawmf&JU }
vSdKifxdyfxm;u aemufwpfcgavmaqmfvdkufrS olu o&zDqkdifu,fem;okdUuyfoGm;avonf/
] a[U? cifAsm;? um,m;cGawmUrxkdifeJUaemf? ab;wapmif;yJxkdif }
] [kwfuJUygAsm }
rdef;uav;armif;onfUqkdifu,faemufrS ab;apmif;xkdifvkdufygoGm;onfUjrifuGif;ukdBunfU
vufzuf&nfqkdifrSvli,frsm;u &,farmusefcJUBuavonf/
] uRefawmfurEav;ur[kwfygbl;? &efukefuyg? ro&zDeJUawGUcsifvkdU rEav;ukd vmcJUwm

ygAsm? ro&zDuwJU jr&ifeSpftjidrfUukdBunfUjyD; ro&zDukdawGYcsifvGef;vkdU &efukefuae rEav;ukd
ta&mufvmcJUwmyg? ro&zD aq;ausmif;olqkdwmvJ 'Da&mufrSod&wmyg }
tkdyD'DrSm olUukd0ifjyay;awmU aq;xnfYywfwD;pnf;ay;vkdufonf/ o&zDwkdUuyJ olU[mol
qkdifu,fvJwmjzpfaBumif; q&m0efukdajymjyvkduf&onf/ ,mOfwpfpD;ESifYwpfpD;wkdufrdygu &Jta&;
ykdifaomtrSKjzpf &SKyfaxG;vmEdkifonfr[kwfygvm;/
'Pf&mu yGef;yJUaoG;xGuf&kHrkdU vJavsmif;tem;,laep&m rvdkyg/ tkdyD'Du aq;xnfUay;jyD;
olUukdjyefvTwfvdkufonf/
o&zDESifUvSdKifxdyfxm;u olUukd aq;&kHtwGif;zufckHwef;vsm;ukdac:vmum em;ckdif;xm;vkduf
onf/
] cifAsm;b,fvkdvkyfrvJ? qkdifu,fpD;jyefEkdif&JUvm; }
o&zDu ar;vkdufawmU olrsufESmi,foGm;avonf/
] uRefawmfUukdzkef;av;wpfcsufqufay;ygvm;Asm? uRefawmfUtpfukd0rf;uGJukd vmac:ckdif;vkduf
ygr,f }
] eHygwfajym }
olu zkef;eHygwfajym&if;rS..
] tJ'Dzkef;rSm ukdygav;qkdwm&Sdw,f? uRefawmfUtpfukd0rf;uGJyg? olUukd tusdK;taBumif;
ajymjy&if olvmBudKygvdrfUr,f? 'Daq;&kHb,fae&mrSm&Sdw,fqkdwm ajymvkdufOD;aemf? ol rvmwwfyJ
aer,f }
] ukwifokH;&maq;&kH 62vrf;ay:rSm&Sdwm vlwkdif;odw,f&SifU }
] aBomf-[kwfrSmaygU? ukdygav;vJodrSmyg? uRefawmfomrodwm? uRefawmfu rodvkdU ro&zD
wkdUaemufukd trDvkdufvmwmav }
] &Sifu jr&ifeSpf[mo&zDjzpfaBumif;awmifpkHprf;EkdifjyD; vlwumodwJUukwifokH;&maq;&kHus
rodwm bmjzpfwmvJ }
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86
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] aBomf.. o&zD? o&zD }
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] o&zD? eifUpdwfxJrSm 'DpmtkyfxJutjzpfawGukdawmU ,kHw,f? awmfvSefa&;orm;&efrsdK;atmif
uae OD;BuHwkdif;atmif? OD;BuHwkdif;atmifuaerS &efwkdif;atmif&,fvkdU 0ifpm;vmwmawGukd bkef;BuD;
ta&;tom;t&,kHw,f? jyD;awmU rjrpdrf;uae rjr&if0ifpm;wmukdvJ ,kHw,f? [kwfw,fr[kwfvm;}
] [kwfw,f }
93
aqmif;vkvif
] eifr,kHwmu eif[m rjr&if0ifpm;ygw,fqkdwJutjzpfukdyJ? um,uH&SifjzpfwJU eif
ukd,fwkdifu vl0ifpm;r[kwfygbl;vkdUvufcHxm;awmU.. eifUukdrjr&if0ifpm;ygw,fvdkU &efwkdif;atmif
pGwfpGJwmukd r,kHbl;aygU }
] at;? tJ'Dtwkdif;yJ? ig[migygyJ? t&ifb0qkdwm&SdcJUvkdU igb,folyJjzpfcJUjzpfcJU ig
pdwfr0ifpm;bl;? vufvSrf;rrDEkdifwJUtaBumif;awGukdvJ awG;jyD;vGrf;armraecsifbl;? ig[m vuf&Sd
b0rSm o&zDu o&zDygyJ[m }
] at;ygav? &efwkdif;atmif&JU,kHBunfrSKukdawmU eiftjypfrqkdoifUbl;? olu rsdK;&kd;pOfquf
'DtjzpfawGukdodvmcJU&w,f? 'DrsdK;&kd; 'Dywf0ef;usifxJrSmyJBuD;jyif;cJU&w,f? jyD;awmU olUtzkd;jyefjyD;
0ifpm;w,fqkdwmukdvnf; olUrdbawGukd,fwkdifu vufcH,kHBunfxm;w,f? olUukdvnf;ajymjycJU
w,f? 'DawmUum olYb0[m awmfvSefa&;orm;&efrsdK;Ekdifuae jrpfzsm;cHvmw,fqkdwmukd t&kd;pGJae
wmaygU? o&zD? tJ'gawGu tJ'gawGyJ? eif wu,fpOf;pm;&rSmu eif &efwkdif;atmifukd jyefjyD;cspfEkdif
rcspfEkdifqkdwmukdyJ }
] bm }
] &efwkdif;atmifu eifUukdcspfa&;qkdoGm;w,fr[kwfvm;? olUukdvufcHzkdUawmif;qkdoGm;w,f
r[kwfvm; }
] olcspfa&;qkdoGm;w,fqkdwmuvJ[,f.. }
q&mawmfBuD;OD;Pa&;om;cJUonfU b0pOfqufjzpf&yfrSefpmtkyfBuD;ukd vmay;pOfu..
&efwkdif;atmifay;aompmtkyfa[mif;BuD;ukdBunfU o&zDu tHUBooGm;avonf/ olrukdjy&ef
&efukeftxd taxmuftxm;jyef,lygonfqkdpOfu "mwfykHrsm;udkom o&zDarQmfvifUcJUavonf/
vufa&;jzifUa&;xm;aompmtkyfa[mif;BuD;ukdxkd;ay;onfUtcg o&zDrpOf;pm;wwfatmifjzpfoGm;av
\/
] tJ'gubmvJ ukd&efwkdif;atmif }
] o&zDUukdjyr,fqkdwJU taxmuftxm;av? uRefawmf[m &efrsdK;Ekdif? BuHwkdif;atmifqkdwJU
b0awGu qif;oufvmwJUolqkdwm 'DpmtkyfBuD;u oufaocHygvdrfUr,f? o&zD[mvJ rjrpdrf;?
rjr&ifb0uvmwJUolqkdwm od&ygvdrfYr,fo&zD? zwfBunfYygAsm }
o&zDonf pmtkyfBuD;ukd,lvmaomfvnf; tav;teuf r&SdcJUay/ nykdif;wGif bkef;awmfBuD;
OD;Pa&;om;cJUonfU taBumif;t&mrsm;ukdzwfBunfUrS vufurcscsifatmifpdwf0ifpm;oGm;um
tptqkH;zwfjzpfavawmUonf/
pmtkyf\ESpfumvBumjrifUrSKtwkdif;twm? bkef;BuD;wpfyg;trSefwu,fa&;cJUonf[k ,kHBunf
avmufaom ta&;tom;rsm;aBumifU pmtkyfxJrStjzpfrsm;ukd o&zD,kHBunfoGm;avonf/
okdUaomf.. o&zD\,kHBunfrSKonf pmtkyfxJrSmygoavmuftxdom ,kHBunfcJUjcif;jzpfav
onf/ pmtkyfxJ &efrsdK;EkdifrSBuHwkdif;atmif? rjrpdrf;rSrjr&iftxdom b0ESpfqufjzpfwnfcJUonfU
taBumif;rsm;ukd azmfjyxm;onfr[kwfygvm;/
&efwkdif;atmifu olUukd,fol olUtbkd;OD;BuHwkdif;atmif xyfrH0ifpm;onfqkdonfrSm olUtajym
omjzpfonf/ taxmuftxm;r&Sdacs/
o&zDUukdvnf; rjr&ifwpfzefxyf0ifpm;onfqkdjcif;rSm &efwkdif;atmifwpfOD;wnf;\ pGwfpGJ
csufomjzpfygonf/
aemufwpfaeUwGif &efwkdif;atmifESifUawGUawmU..
] o&zD? pmtkyfzwfjyD;jyDr[kwfvm;[if? o&zDb,fvdkoabm&ovJ? uRefawmfajymwmawGukd
,kHw,f r[kwfvm;[if}
] pmtkyfxJutjzpfawGukdawmU ,kHygw,fukd&efwkdif;atmif }
] [m.. o&zD&,f? 0rf;omvkdufwmAsm? 'gjzifU jreJUarmifarmif[m tckb0usrS oufwl
&G,fwltaeeJUjyefqkH&jyDqkdwmukd jruav;vufcHw,faygUaemf }
] bmqkdifvkdUvJ }
] jruav;,kHw,fqkd? o&zD,kHw,fqkd }
94
aqmif;vkvif
] uRefawmf,kHw,fqkdwmu bkef;BuD;OD;Pa&;cJUwJUtaBumif;awGukd,kHwm&SifU? uRefawmfh
ukd,fuRefawmf avbmwDrjr&if0ifpm;w,fqkdwmukdawmU vufrcHEdkifbl; }
] [m- o&zD&,f? vufcHvkdufygAsm? 'gavmuftaxmuftxm;pkHaejyD[mukd? o&zD rjr&if
eJUwlaewmawG? rjr&ifuovkd uEdkifwmawG[m rjr&if0ifpm;vkdUomaygUAs }
] rqkdifwmyJ? uRefravUusifUxm;vkdUyg? b,folrqkd avUusifU&if&ygw,f ukd&efwkdif;atmif?
jyD;awmU uRefrukdrjr&ifeJUwlygw,fqkdwm b,fvdkvkyftwwfajymEdkifrSmvJ? tcktcsdefrSm touf&Sif
aewJUolawGxJu rjr&ifukdjrifzl;wJUol &Sdawmif r&SdEdkifawmUygbl; }
] o&zD&,f? jrifzl;odzl;wJUolawGxuf uRefawmfU&JUtxiftjrifawGu ykdjyD;ckdifvkHygw,f?
uRefawmfukd,fwkdifu &efrsdK;Edkif?BuHwkdif;atmifb0uvmcJUwJUolygAsm? b0tqufquf cspfcJU&wJU
cspfolukd uRefawmfomtodqkH;ygjruav;&,f }
] tkd.. }
] armifarmifwkdUcspfolESpfOD;[m tckb0usrSoufwl&G,fwltjzpfeJUjyefqkH&wmyg jruav;?
oHo&mwavQmufrSm wpfa,mufeJUwpfa,mufqkHEkdifzkdUqkdwm cJ,Of;vSygw,fjruav;&,f? uHBurm
zl;pmBuKHvdkU jyefqkH&wJUb0rSm rvGJyg&apeJUawmU jruav;? armifarmifwkdU 'Db0awmU&atmif aygif;
yg&apuG,f? armifarmiftcspfukdvufcHygjruav;? armifarmifUtcspfukd [kdt&if rjrpdrf;b0uvkdyJ
jyefjyD;vufcHygawmUjruav;&,f }
olUukd,fol&efrsdK;EdkifozG,fcH,lum ajymBum;aeaom &efwkdif;atmifukd o&zDai;BunfUaerd
avonf/ &efrsdK;Edkiftjzpf psmef0ifaeaom&efwkdif;atmifonf [kdacwfutokH;tESKef;rsm;twkdif;
okH;ESKef;um eufeufeJeJyifajymae&Smav\/
o&zDonf &efwkdif;atmifcspfcGifUyefcJUykHrsm;ukdjyefvnf jrifa,mifvmrd\/ olcspfa&;qkdoGm;ykH
ukdvnf; xdyfxm;ukdjyefajymjyvdkufonf/
] &kd;&kd;wef;wef;cspfa&;qkdoGm;wmr[kwfzl;[JU? 'DpmtkyfBuD;ay;zwfjyD; igUukd rjrpdrf;?rjr&if
b0uvmwJUolvdkU twif;,kHBunfckdif;aewm? oluigUukd o&zDtaeeJUcspfwmvm;? rjrpdrf;taeeJU
cspfwmvm;? rjr&iftjzpfeJUcspfwmvm;? uJ-igu bmukd,kH&rSmvJ }
] aBomf.. o&zD&,f? eifpOfpm;&rSmu 'gawGr[kwfygbl;[,f? &efwkdif;atmif&JU,kHBunfrSK
ukdcGifUvTwfvkdufygvkdU igajymom;yJ? eifUpdwfxJrSmcHjyif;aewmu eifUukdvl0ifpm;vkdUowfrSwfjyD;
csOf;uyfvmwmukdr[kwfvm;? eifUvdk aq;odyHausmif;olwpfa,mufukd obm0vGefjzpf&yfawGeJU
csOf;uyft,kHoGif;wmvkdUxifjyD; eifcHjyif;aewmr[kwfvm; }
] [kwfw,f }
] wu,fawmU eifpOf;pm;&rSmu &efwkdif;atmifukdcspfEkdif?rcspfEkdifyJpOf;pm;&rSmo&zD? eifukd,f
wkdif vl0ifpm;Zmwfvrf;ukdr,kHygbl;vkdUajymwJUBum;u eifUpdwfxJrSm&SKyfaxG;aewmyg? eifukd,fwkdifu
vl0ifpm;Zmwfvrf;ukdxnfUpOf;pm;aewmyg }
] b,fvdk }
] pOf;pm;BunfUav? eif&efwkdif;atmif&JUtcspfukdwkefUjyefzkdUpOf;pm;&if eifpOf;pm;&rSmu vuf&Sd
&efwkdif;atmifukdompOf;pm;&rSmav? &efrsdK;EkdifwkdU BuHwkdif;atmifwkdUqkdwm &SdrSr&SdawmUyJ? eifeJUvJ
qkdifrSrqkdifyJ? 'DawmU vuf&Sd&efwkdif;atmifqkdwJU vlwpfa,mufukd cspfEkdifrcspfEdkifom eifqkH;jzwf
zkdUvdkygw,f? &efwkdif;atmif ,kHBunfaewJU vl0ifpm;udpawG[m vufawGUrqefygbl;? vuf&Sdb0eJU
rywfoufawmUygbl;? olU&JU,kHBunfcsufukdvnf; jyKjyifay;p&mrvdkbl;? 'gawGukd tomxm;vdkuf?
eifqkH;jzwfzkdUu vuf&Sd&efwkdif;atmifqkdwJUvlom;wpfa,mufukd eifqkdwJUo&zDu cspfolwpfa,muf
taeeJU vufcHEdkif?rcHEkdif qkdwmyJ }
] tkd.. }
] igay;wJUtBuHu&Sif;&Sif;av;yg? eifUpdwfxJrSm&SKyfaxG;aevdkUyg? eifu &efwkdif;atmifukd
*rD&qefwJUenf;eJUcsOf;uyfvmvdkU tjrifrBunfrvifjzpfaewmukd ckudprSmxnfUwGufaewmyg?
wu,fawmU olUukd cspfEdkifrcspfEdkifom &Sif;&Sif;jywf jywfpOf;pm;zkdUvdkygw,fo&zD }
95
aqmif;vkvif
] olu vl0ifpm;ZmwfaBumif;ukdcsnf;azmfxkwfaeawmU igvJ pdwfxJrSmrBunfrvifjzpfaerd
w,f xdyfxm;&,f? BunfUav.. a[m'DrSm }
o&zDuajym&if;rS vG,ftdyfxJupmtkyfukdxkwfum pmtkyfBum;xJrS wpfpkHwpfckukdxkwf,l
vkdufavonf/
jyD;awmU xdyfxm;ukdvufurf;ay;vkduf\/
&efukefjyefrnfU&ufwGif o&zDUukdvmESKwfquf&if; xkdpm&Gufuav;ukday;cJUjcif;jzpfavonf/
] b0ESpfckvkH;vGJcJU&wJUjreJUarmif[m tckvdkjyefqkH&wJU wwd,b0avmuf taBumif;oifUwm
r&SdawmUygbl;o&zD&,f? okH;b0ajrmufuscgrS rvGJyg&apeJUawmUo&zD }
xkdokdUajymay;cJUaompm&Gufuav;tm; xdyfxm;zwf &efay;vdkufonf/
&efrsdK;Edkif
(1879
arG;)
rjrpdrf;
(1881
arG;)
&efrsdK;Ekdif
uG,fvGefjyD;
35ESpftBum
rjrpdrf;
uG,fvGefjyD;
5ESpftBum
BuHwkdif;
atmif
(1295arG;)
rjr&if
(1266
arG;)
BuHwkdif;atmif
uG,fvGefjyD;
12ESpftBum
rjr&ifuG,fvGefjyD;
ESpf40tBum
&efwkdif;
atmif
(1346arG;)
jr&ifESpf
(1346
arG;)
] [if- b0okH;ckukd Z,m;eJUaocsmqGJxm;wmyJ }

] tJ'g oludk,fwkdifqGJxm;wmav }
] 'g[m eifUtay:rSmtav;teufxm;w,fqkdwm oufaoyJo&zD&JU? eif,kHwmr,kHwmu
wpfykdif;av }
] igUtay:rSmtav;teufxm;w,f? [kwfvm; }
] [kwfw,f? tav;teufxm;vdkUom 'gawGjzpfvmwmaygU? tav;teufxm;w,fqkdwmvJ
eifqkdwJUo&zDtay:rSm tav;teufxm;wmygo&zD? rjrpdrf;wkdUrjr&ifwkdUukd tav;teufxm;ae
wmr[kwfygbl;? rjrpdrf;eJUrjr&if[m eifeJU&efwkdif;atmifZmwfvrf;rSm t"dur[kwfygbl;? ZmwfykdU
avmufygwJUolawGyg? &efwkdif;atmif[m eifUukdtav;teufxm;vGef;vdkUom &efukefuaerEav;
txd ta&mufvmjyD; cspfa&;qkdcJUwm r[kwfvm;[JU }
96
aqmif;vkvif
] tkd }
] 'DawmU eifpOf;pm;zkdUu eif[m &efwkdif;atmifqkdwJUvlwpfa,mufukd cspfoltjzpf vufcH
EdkifrcHEkdifqkdwmyJ&SdawmUw,f }
] oluvJZGwfw&GwfBuD;ygyJ[,f? &efukefjyefoGm;wJUaeU uwnf;u aeYwkdif;vdk
zkef;qufjyD;tajzawmif;aeawmUwmyJ }
o&zDu oufjyif;av;ukdcsjyD;ajym&Smavonf/
azazmf0g&Dv\rEav;ncsrf;onf ESif;awGa0aewkef;yif&Sdao;onf/ rEav;azazmf0g&Dv

onf aqmif;rukefwwfao;ay/
,ckESpfazazmf0g&Dv\ wwd,ywftxdrSm jrefrmvdk wykdUwGJvjzpfavonf/
rEav;aq;wuokdvf\uxdefyGJukd ESpfpOfwykdUwGJvxJusif;yavonf/
&efwkdif;atmiftzkdU onfwpfcg rEav;wuokdvf0if;xJukda&muf&awmU ntcsdefBuD;jzpf
avonf/
&efwkdif;atmifonf Zefe0g&DvxJwkef;u rEav;okdUa&mufcJUjyD;aemufykdif; ra&mufjzpfawmU
acs/ jr&ifESpfukd&Smrnf[kqkdum &efukefrSxGufvmonfUyxrtacgufuwnf;u rdcifjzpfol a':&SK
wkdif;,Ofu rvTwfcsifcJUay/ wpmpmjyefac:aecJJUonf/ onfBum;xJ &efwkdif;atmifu rEav;rS
jyeftvmjyjyD; aemufwpf&ufrSmyif av,mOfESifUrEav;aemufwpfacgufjyefoGm;awmU ararpdwfqkd;
usef&pfavonf/
wu,fawmU xkdtacgufu o&zDUukdjy&ef q&mawmfOD;P\pmtkyfBuD;ukd wpfacgufjyef,l
cJUjcif;omjzpfygonf/
wpf&ufyJqkdif;um rEav;ckd;xGufoGm;aomtjzpfukd arara':&SKwkdif;,Of odoGm;onfwGif
olUukdcsufcsif;jyefvmzkdU &mZoHay;avawmUonf/
&efwkdif;atmifvnf;qufrae&JawmUyJ bkef;BuD;\pmtkyfBuD;ukd o&zDzwfzkdUay;cJUum o&zDU
ukdvnf; olUukd yxrb0utwkdif; jyefcspfzkdU cspfa&;qkdcJUygonf/
&efukefjyefa&mufawmU o&zDUqDaeUpOfvkdzkef;qufjyD; tajzawmif;ygaomfvnf; o&zDu
a&a&&m&mjyefvnfajzBum; jcif;rjyKcJUygacs/
wpfvjcm;oGm;jyDjzpfaom azazmf0g&DvuscgrS ausmif;uxdefyGJtrDvmcJU&ef taBumif;Bum;cJU
jcif;jzpfavonf/
wu,fwef;taBumif;Bum;olrSm o&zDawmYr[kwfygay? o&zD\tcspfqkH;oli,fcsif; vSdKif
xdyfxm;u zkef;quftaBumif;Bum;cJUjcif;jzpfygonf/
] o&zDu &SifUukd uxdefyGJvmapcsifw,f? &SifvmjzpfatmifvmcJUyg }
] bmtpDtpOf&SdvkdUvJ[if }
] vmjzpfatmifomvmcJUygukd&efwkdif;atmif&,f }
vSdKifxdyfxm;uvnf; jynfUjynfUpkHpkHrajymyJ zkef;ukdcsypfcJUonf/
o&zDUqDzkef;qufawmU zkef;vmrukdifay/ o&zDUukdac:ay;ol&Sdaomfvnf; o&zDukd,fwkdifu
&efwkdif;atmifac:aom zkef;ukd vmrukdifjcif;jzpfavonf/
ya[VdqefvSay\/
rnfokdUqkdap o&zDucsdef;onfqkdawmU &efwkdif;atmifonf csdef;onfU&uftwkdif;a&mufatmif
vmcJUavawmYonf/
rEav;oGm;rnfqkdvQif ararurvTwfrSef;od &efwkdif;atmifckd;xGufcJUjcif;jzpfygonf/ OD;
av;tdrfrSmwnf;vQif ararodrSmpkd;vnf; onfwpfacgufawmU [kdw,frSmyJwnf;vkduf\/ ol
a&mufaeaBumif;vnf; taBumif;rBum;awmUay/
aq;wuokdvfESifUeD;aom ]wdrfjzL[kdw,f}rSm wnf;aevkdufonf/ wdrfjzL[kdw,fu aq;
ausmif;ESifUtauGUwpfauGYyJ a0;avonf/
97
aqmif;vkvif
o&zDcsdef;aom&ufrSm ausmif;uxdefyGJ&ufjzpfonf/ &efwkdif;atmifonf uxdef&ufrwkdifrD
wpf&ufBudKa&mufESifUaeonf/
a&mufa&mufcsif; ausmif;ukdoGm;BunfUaomfvnf; o&zDYukda&m? xdyfxm;ukdyg rawGU&acs/
ausmif;om;rsm;vnf; ausmif;wufBuykHr&yJ uxdeftwGuf jyifqifvSKyf&Sm;aeBuwm awGUcJU&\/
o&zDUtdrfzkef;qufBunfUjyefawmUvnf; qufvkdU&aomfvnf; o&zDu vmrukdifcJUay/ xl;
awmUxl;jcm;aeayjyD/
&efwkdif;atmifonf vSdKifxdyfxm;qDokdUyif zkef;quf pkHprf;&jyefawmU\/
] a&mufaejyDvm;? reufzefnykdif;om ausmif;uxdefyGJukda&mufatmifvmcJYyg ukd&efwkdif;
atmif }
] uRefawmfUukdbmtwGufcsdef;wmvJAsm }
wpfzufrSvSdKifxdyfxm;u twefBumwdwfqdwfoGm;\/
] o&zDu &SifUukdtajzay;rvdkUwJU }
] [m- tajzay;r,f? [kwfvm;? b,fvkd-b,fvdktajzrsdK;ay;rSmvJAsm }
] 'gawmh um,uH&Sifolukd,fwkdifyJodrSmaygh? &SifrEav;xdatmifa&mufaejyDyJ ukd&efwkdif;
atmif? wpf&ufuav;atmifY vkdufyg&Sif }
ya[VdqefpGmESifYyif apmifUarQmfcJU&aomuxdefncsrf;rSm ,aeUawmUa&muf&SdvmygjyD/
&efwkdif;atmifonf naecif;uwnf;uyif uxdefyGJusif;yonfU ausmif;0if;xJokdU a&muf
&SdaecJUonf/
o&zDUukdvkduf&Smaomfvnf;rawGU? o&zDUukdvnf;rawGU? vSdKifxdyfxm;ukdvnf; rjrifrday/
&efwkdif;atmifu qkdifu,fxm;&mae&mrsm;okdUoGm;um o&zDESifUvSdKifxdyfxm;wkdUqkdifu,frsm;
ukd &Smao;onf/ &SmvkdU rawGUay/
ausmif;0if;xJum; ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;&SKyf,Sufcwfpnfum;aeav\/
todrdwfaqGr&Sdaom&efwkdif;atmifonf a,mifcsmcsmESifhyif ausmif;0if;xJ [kd[kdonfonf
avQmufoGm;aecJUonf/
narSmifvmawmU pifjrifUjyKvkyfxm;&mae&mrS ajzmfajz a&;tpDtpOfrsm;pwifawmYrnfjzpf
aBumif; toHcsJUpufrSaBujimvkdufavonf/
ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;ESifU{nfYonfrsm; pifjrifU&Sd&mokdUpkjyKHoGm;Buavonf/ &efwkdif;atmif
vnf; pifjrifUa&SUokdU a&mufoGm;cJUav\/
toHcsJUpufrS azsmfajza&;tpDtpOfrsm;ukdaBujimvQuf&Sdavonf/
] tpDtpOf1t&- ESKwfcGef;qufyPmroDcsif;ukd rEav;aq;wuokdvftEkynmtoif;
ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;rS oDqkdwifqufrSmjzpfrSmw,f&Sif }
] tpDtpOf2t&- azsmfajzwifqufrSmuawmU rEav;aq;wuokdvftEkynmtoif; wD;0kdif;
eJUwGJzufjyD; ausmif;ol ausmif;om;av;rsm;&JU aw;*DwazsmfajzrSKtpDtpOfjzpfygw,f }
] tpDtpOf3t&- rEav;aq;wuokdvf aemufqkH;ESpf tykdif;(u)ausmif;ol ro&zD&JU
jr&ifESpftjidrfUazsmfajzcef;jzpfygw,f }
] [m }
&efwkdif;atmif\tHUBorSKonf ESKwfrSyGifUxGufoGm;onfxdjzpfoGm;avonf/
pifjrifUazsmfajza&;tpDtpOfwGif o&zDukd,fwkdifygonfyJ/
oluawmU uxdefyGJrSmcsdef;xm; yGJcif;xJrSmqkHawGU&rnf[kxifcJUonf/
&efwkdif;atmifonf pifjrifUa&SUem;a&mufonfxdwkd;vmcJUavonf/
yGJupwifygjyD/
98
aqmif;vkvif
tpDtpOf1jzpfaom ESKwfcGef;qufyPmroDcsif;rSm rBumvSaomfvnf; tpDtpOf2wGif 0goem
&Sifausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;tm;vkH; 0ifa&mufoDqkdae awmfawmfESifUrjyD;EdkifyJ&SdaecJUavonf/
tpDtpOf3wGif jr&ifESpftjidrfUvmawmUrnfukdodxm;aom&efwkdif;atmifonf aw;*DwtpDt
pOfukd renf;onf;cHum apmifUBunfUae&avonf/ ausmif;olausmif;om30cefUu oDcsif;tyk'f50
cefUoDqkdaeBu&m n12em&Dxkd;rSyif xkdtpDtpOfjyD;qkH;avawmY\/
jr&ifESpftjidrfUvmygjyD/
wDAGDtpDtpOfrSmazsmfajzcJUaomvlysufBuD;rsm;u OD;pGmxGufvmum cGef;axmufrsm;oDqkd&if;
jr&ifESpfukdac:avonf/
] b0wGiftpOfjrifU.. tvSwGift,OfqifUygwJU.. tkdAsmU jr&ifESpfuav;a&.. }
wD;vkH;ESifUtwl jr&ifeSpfo&zDonf pifUa'gifUrS u&if; ay:vmavonf/
o&zDonf t0ga&mifrif;orD;0wfpkHukd0wfqifxm;um wu,fyif tvSwGif t,OfqifUae
yg\/ qHxkH;ab;rScsxm;aomqHjrdwfuav;rsm; uvkdufwkdif;,drf;EGJUoGm;avonf/ jyifqifxm;ykHrSm
"mwfykHxJrSavbmwDrjr&iftvm; wlvGef;vSay\/
jr&ifESpfu avbmwDrjr&ifoDcsif;rsm;ukd wpfyk'fjyD;wpfyk'foDqkdujyoGm;av\/
] ukdaomBuma& }
] ukd&m[k }
] usKyfwkdUrif;orD;av;u avbmwDrjr&ifeJU rwlbl;vm;As }
] wlygUAsm? wlvGef;vdkU rjr&ifukd,fwkdifrsm; ao&muxvmovm;vkdUxifrSm;&ygUAsm }
] tJ'gaBumifUvJ 'kwd,avbmwD? eHygwf2rjr&if&,fvdkY wifpm;jyD; jr&ifESpf&,fvdkU xifay:
aBumfBum;vm&jcif;r[kwfygvm;tpfukdwkdU }
] rSefygU? rSefygU }
] usKyfwkdUrif;ord;av;jr&ifeSpfuvJ acolr[kwfzl;As }
] qkdygOD;ukdt*Fga&U }
] jr&ifESpf[m a[m'DrEav;aq;wuokdvfBuD;rSm aemufqkH;ESpftykdif;u ausmif;olwpf
a,mufAs }
] tkd-ynmrSmvJ w,fawmfoudk; }
] rESpfu &kyfjrifoHBum;uae jr&ifESpftjidrfUukdvTifUvdkufvdkU wpfEkdifiHvkH;uvnf; jr&ifESpfukd
odoGm;BujyDAs }
] [kwfayUAsm? wpfwkdif;jynfvkH;uvnf; avbmwDtopfuav; jr&ifeSpfukd tm;ay;Bu
cspfcifBuqkdukd; }
] 'gUaBumifUvJ 'DESpfausmif;uxdefyGJrSm ygarmuBuD;ukd,fwkdifwm0efay;csuft& jr&ifESpf
tjidrfUazsmfajzcGifU&cJUwm r[kwfvm;tpfukdwkdU&JU }
] rSefwmaygUAsm }
] uJ-uJ- jr&ifESpfuav;ukdac:ygOD;Asm? avbmwDrjr&ifeJU bmvkdU'gavmufwlovJqkdwm
ar;BunfU&atmif }
] jr&ifeSpfa&? at-jr&ifESpf }
] &Sif..&SifU }
] [JU-jr&ifESpf? eif[mavbmwDrjr&ifeJU bmvkdU 'gavmufwlae&wmvJ[JU }
] jr&ifESpfu taravbmwDeJU wu,fyJwlvkdUvm; OD;av;wkdU&,f }
] wlwmaygU[JU? wlwmrS &kyfaum?toHa&mwlwm }
] ajymprf;? ajymprf;? eif[m t&ifb0u avbmwDrjr&ifukd,fwkdifyJr[kwfvm;[if }
] aBomf- OD;av;wkdU&,f? b0oHo&mqkdwmBuD;ut&SnfBuD;yg&Sif? oHo&mwavQmufrSm
ow0gwkdif;[m uHpDrH&mtwkdif;vSKyf&Sm;&w,fr[kwfvm;&SifU }
99
aqmif;vkvif
] qkdprf;ygOD;rdef;uav;&,f }
] b0wpfckrSm vljzpf&ifjzpfr,f? wd&pmefjzpf&ifjzpfr,f? b0qufrjywfoa&GU? edAmefr0if
oa&GU ow0gb0rSmusifvnfvSKyf&Sm;Bu&wmukd; }
] tr,f? BunfUprf;? wkdUrif;orD;av;u w&m;oabmukdvnf; em;vnfoukd; }
] [kwfygUAsm }
] 'DawmUum jr&ifESpf[m [kdtwdwfb0u avbmwDrjr&ifqkdwJUb0ukd &&ifvJ&cJUrSmaygU
OD;av;wkdU&,f? okdUaomf- }
] qkdprf;ygOD;[ }
] umvokH;yg;rSm ypKyefumvonfom ta&;tBuD;qkH;vdkU jr&ifESpfwkdU&JUAk'uvJ a[mBum;
cJUw,fr[kwfvm;&SifU }
] trav;? ESUHpyfvkdufwmaemf? bk&m;a[mvJ olodo[}
] tJ'DawmU twdwfb0 bmyJjzpfcJUjzpfcJU? vuf&Sd ypKyefumvukdom wefzkd;BuD;rm;atmif
vkyfzkdU&Sdygw,f OD;av;wkdU&,f}
] [kwfygbduG,f? orD;av;jr&ifESpfu vuf&Sdb0ukd wefzkd;&Sdatmif bmrsm;vkyfrvdkUvJuGJU }
] ykdufqHcsrf;omwJUa,musmf; &Sm,lrSmaygUuG }
] tkd-pum;aumif;ajymaewJUBum;xJ rif;u 0ifraESmufygeJU? uJ-qkdygOD;orD;&,f? orD;u
b0ukdwefzkd;&Sdatmif bmrsm;BudK;pm;BuHpnfrvJuGJU }
] orD;vm;? orD;jr&ifeSpfuav? a[m'Dausmif;awmfBuD;uoifBum;ay;vkdufwJU aq;ynm&yf
rsm;eJU jynfolvlxkukd tusdK;jyKrSmaygUOD;av;&JU }
] [,f-aumif;vkdufwJU&nf&G,fcsuf[,f? jrifUjrwfvScsnfvm;jr&ifESpf&JU }
] tojymrrufwJU jynfolUtusdK;jyK apwemq&m0efwpfa,mufjzpfatmif orD;BudK;pm;ygUr,f
qkdwm ausmif;awmfBuD;eJUwuG orD;ukdaq;ynm&yfrsm;oifBum;ay;wJU q&m? q&mrtaygif;ukd
wkdifwnfjyD; opmqkdvkdufygw,f OD;av;wkdU&,f }
o&zDu xkdpum;&yfukdtav;teufxm;um ausmif;aqmifBuD;ukdvuftkyfcsD&if; vSdKufvSJpGm
ajymBum;vkdufav\/
vufckyfoHrsm;onfvnf; [def;xGufvmavonf/
&efwkdif;atmifonf pifay:rSjr&ifESpfajympum;rsm;ukd qef;ppfum trsdK;rsdK;pOf;pm;aerdav\/
o&zDu olUukdtajzay;rnf[kqkdum yGJukdcsdef;qkdcJUjcif;jzpfonf/ ,ckpifjrifUay:rSajympum;rsm;
wGif ,cifb0a[mif;xuf vuf&Sdb0uom ta&;BuD;aBumif;rsm;ukdajymoGm;cJY\/ Zmwfwkdufxm;
onfUtwkdif; ajymjcif;vm;? q&mrsm;tvdkus tuGufqifajymjcif;vm;? okdUrSr[kwf olUukdzdwfac:
xm;onfYyGJwGif olUukdcRwfcsif wrifoufoufajymjcif;vm;/
xkdpum;rsm;onfyif o&zD olUukday;rnfU tajzrsm;yifvm;/
] aumif;ygayU? aumif;ygayU? &kyfuav;uvJacsm? toHav;uvJaumif;? tuav;
uvJaumif;ovdk pdwfxm;av;uvJ jrifUjrwfvSygayw,frdef;uav;a& }
] tJ'gaBumifU jr&ifESpf[m ,cifwpfb0u b,folyJjzpfcJUjzpfcJU ta&;rBuD;ygbl;vkdU?
uRefrukd taravbmwDrjr&if 0ifpm;ygw,fvkdU txifa&mufaeolrsm;ukdvnf; aus;Zl;wifygw,f
vdkU? wu,fawmU avbmwDrjr&ifqkdwm[m olUacwfolUtcgu obife,frSm wpfacwfwpfa,muf
xGef;awmufausmfBum;cJUwJU obifOaoQmifrif;orD;BuD;wpfvufr[kwfvm;&SifU }
] rSefygayYuG,f }
] 'DawmU uRefrukd avbmwDa':jr&if0ifpm;ygw,fvdkU ajymqkdBujcif;[mvJ csD;jrSifUajrSmufpm;
jcif;wpfrsdK;rkdU *kPfvJ,l? 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omvJjzpfrdygw,f }
] 'gaygUuG,f }
] vlwlr&Sm; emrnfwlr&Sm;qkdwJUpum;vJ&Sdao;w,fr[kwfvm;OD;av;wkdU&JU }
] qkdprf;ygOD;jr&ifESpfa& }
100
aqmif;vkvif
] jr&ifESpf avbmwDeJUwlwm[m wkdufwkdufqkdifqkdif wlnDwmvJjzpfEdkifwmukd;OD;av;&JU }
] wkdufyJwkdufqkdifEkdifvGef;o[m? eifU[mu &kyfa&m? toHa&m? tuaumif;ykHa&m wlaewm[ }
] aBomf- 'gUaBumifUvJ taravbmwDoDcsif;rsm;ukd jyefvnfazmfxkwf&if;eJU y&dowfBuD;ukd
avbmwDrjr&ifozG,f azsmfajzcGifUBuKHae&wmaygUOD;av;wkdU&JU? uJ- OD;av;wkdUu twdwftaBumif;
ukdajymBuvGef;vdkU orD;jr&ifESpfuvJ twdwfukdwrf;wwJUoDcsif;av;wpfyk'feJU ujyazsmfajzyg&ap
OD;&Sif }
] w,fqkdwJUpmygvm;a[U? bmoDcsif;eJUrsm;ujyrvkdUvJ uav;r&JU }
] a&Tjynfpdk;qkdwJUoDcsif;av;yg? taravbmwD&JUoDcsif;av;ygyJ }
] a&Tjynfpkd; }
] [kwfuJU? a':jr&ifu a&Tjynfpkd;oDcsif;av;xJrSm oli,fpOfuaecJUwJU&Gmuav;ukd 'Dvdk
vGrf;jyxm;w,fOD;av;wkdU&JU }
] Bum;prf;yg&apvm;jr&ifESpfa& }
] pdrf;vJJYvJUndKjym ___,drf;EGJUEGJUvdk&m ... .. aejcnfuvnf; rxkd;&yguvm; ___
aBomf.. aejcnfuvnf; rxkd;&yguvm;__
wkdY&GmomrSm ___rjr&if[kd,cifaecJUwJU&Gm.. &Gm.. &Gm.. rSm___
pdrf;vJJYvJUndKjym ___,drf;EGJUEGJUvdk&m __a&e'Du vnf; wkd;vkdYyguvm;___
a&Tjynfpkd;___ a&Tjynfpkd;___ a&Tjynfpkd;___ vGrf;ykdzG,f&m ___
vlyg;r0cifwkef;u ajymBuawmY&,fp&myg
tm-- iSm; iSm; iSm; iSm; ___ iSm;iSm;iSm;iSm; ... .

vlyg;r0cifwkef;u ajymBuawmY&,fp&myg___
xrDav;wkdwkd0wfum jri,fpOfrSm__vlxJr0ifcifao;rkdY___tvSjyifqif&Sm ___
&if&ifukefukefajymr,f ___awmwpfoufrdkY ___ b,uf'Gg'&m __
THYawGuyfpd uyfpd ykwD;vkyfumokH;wwfygw,f __ tkef;rSKwfcGufukd &Sm-&Sm__
a':vmjym;u q,fYig;jym;avmuf qGJwwfwm ___
ukdukdrsm;ua`rSmufpm;ayr,fY [kdwkef;uavmufraysmfyg ___
ukdukdrsm;ua`rSmufpm;ayr,fY [kdwkef;uavmufraysmfyg ___
uRefrwkdYqDukd vkdufvdkYykdYyg___vkdufvkdYykdYr,f ajymvdkY olnm__
ra&mufwmBumwm EGrf;e,fae&Sm __
tawmb,fvdkawmawm___tqef;b,fvdkajymajym __
em;0ifcsdKatmifb,fvdkajymajym ___
oabmtBudKufukdjzifY rvdkufEkdifygjyDwpfcg___
a&Tjynfpkd;__ a&Tjynfpkd;__ a&Tjynfpkd;.. .. .. vGrf;ykdzG,f&m__}
jr&ifESpfu twD;ykd'fwGif nufanmpGmujyD;aemuf oDcsif;ukdtqkH;owfvdkufavonf/
] [,f-- aumif;vkdufwJUtoH? aumif;vkdufwJUtuav;[JU }
] jr&ifESpfu oli,fi,fuaecJU&wJU&Gmuav;ukd vGrf;qkdukd;ukd&m[k&JU }
] [kwfygUAsm? &Gmuav;wifb,furvJuG? i,fi,fu oli,fcsif;awGukdawmif vGrf;ao;qkdyJ?
qkdoGm;wmBunfUygvm;? i,fi,fwkH;u &THUawGukdykwD;vkyfqGJjyD;upm;wmawmif oDcsif;xJrSmygao;
w,f }
] [kwfygUAsm? tkef;rSKwfcGufukdvJ a':vmjym;vkyfqGJao;owJU? awmfawmfuyfoD;uyfoyf
aqmUwmyJaemf }
] 'geJUaeygOD;AsmU? oDcsif;xJrSm iSm;-iSm;-iSm;? iSm;-iSm;- iSm;eJUBum;vkdufygw,f? tJ'g
bmiSm;wmwkH;As }
101
aqmif;vkvif
] tkd-cifAsm;uvJ vkyfa&mUr,f? iSm;wJUtaBumif;qkdwm r[kwfzl;As? ar;&kdufar;0JtoHvdkU
ac:w,f? atmufar;uav;ukd upm;jyD;qkdwm? 'DvkdqkdykHrsdK;ukd avbmwDa':jr&ifwkdUyJqkdwwfw,f?
jr&ifESpfukd avbmwDtoHtwkdif;wpfax&mxJwlatmif oDcsif;qkdykHqkdenf;yg avUusifUay;xm;wmAs}
] w,f[kwfygvm;a[U }
] [kwfygw,fOD;av;&,f? tJ'D tm;iSm;__iSm;__iSm; iSm;qkdwJUtoHav;[m taravbmwD
qkdwJUtwkdif;qkdxm;wmyg? tar&JUrl&if;"mwfjym;ukdem;axmifzl;wJUvlBuD;wkdif;odBuygw,f? jr&ifESpf
u tarUrltwkdif;rysufatmif BudK;pm;jyD;qkdBunfUvkdufwmyg }
] aBomf- 'Dvdkukd; }
] OD;av;wkdUa& }
] Asm-As }
] jr&ifESpfqkdcJUwJUa&Tjynfpkd;oDcsif;av;u taravbmwDqkdcJUwJU oDcsif;av;yg? 'DoDcsif;av;
ukd aw;a&;q&mBuD;eef;awmfa&SUq&mwifu a&;pyfcJUwmyg }
] [kwfygayU? rSefygayU }
] tcsdefvJodyfr&SdawmUbl;OD;av;wkdUa&? 'DwpfcgawmU yGJydwfaemufqkH;taeeJU jr&ifESpfu
oDcsif;av;wpfyk'feJUazsmfajzcsifao;w,fOD;av;wkdU&JU }
] bmoDcsif;rsm;vJ[JU }
] a&Tjynfpkd;-wJU }
] [JU-a&Tjynfpkd;oDcsif;u tckav;wifqkdjyD;jyDav }
] [kwfyg&JUjr&ifESpf&,f? eifuvJarUwwfvdkufwm? a&Tjynfpkd;oDcsif;u tckyJqkdjyD;ump
&Sdao;wmukd; }
] jr&ifESpfrarUygbl;OD;av;wkdU&JU? tckqkdr,fUoDcsif;av; emrnfuvJ a&Tjynfpkd;yJ? orD;qkdcJU
wJU a&Tjynfpkd;oDcsif;eJUacgif;pOfcsif;omwlwm? oDcsif;pmom;awGurwlygbl; }
] tr,f? w,f[kwfygvm;a[U? 'gjzifU tckqkdr,fUa&Tjynfpkd;oDcsif;u eifUukd,fykdifoDcsif;aygU}
] jr&ifESpfrSm ukd,fykdifoDcsif;r&Sdygbl;? taravbmwDukd *kPfjyKjyD; avbmwDrjr&ifoDcsif;awG
eJUcsnf; azsmfajzcJUwmyg? tckazsmfajzr,fUoDcsif;av;uawmU a&S;a&S;ujrefrmtrsdK;orD;wpfa,muf
a&;pyfcJUwJUoDcsif;yg? 'DoDcsif;av;[m b,fyGJvrf;obifrSmrS oDqkdcGifUrBuKH&ao;wJU oDcsif;av;yg
&Sif? oDcsif;&JU oufwrf;[mBumjyDjzpfayr,fU y&dowftwGufawmU oDcsif;topfav;wpfyk'fygyJvdkU }
] nTef;vScsnfvm;jr&ifESpfa& }
] cspfolukdvGrf;ae&wJUrdef;uav;wpfa,mufjzpftifukd pyfqkdxm;wJUoDcsif;av;yg&Sif }
] Bum;csifvSjyDuG,f? em;qifocsifvGef;vkdU.. tvdkAs-jr&ifESpfa&.. Bum;yg&apawmUvm; }
a&Tjynfpkd;qkdonfUoDcsif;acgif;pOf/ cspfolukdvGrf;ae&wJU rdef;uav;wpfa,mufjzpftifqkd

onfU tnTef;pum;/
&efwkdif;atmifpdwf0,f armifndKwpfjzpfvJ bkef;awmfBuD;OD;Pa&;om;cJUonf txkywdBuD;
xJrS rjrpdrf;pyfqkdcJUonfU a&Tjynfpkd;oDcsif;av;ukd trSwf&oGm;avonf/
o&zDoDqkdrnfUoDcsif;onf xkdoDcsif;av;ayyJvm;/
rjrpdrf;\a&Tjynfpkd;oDcsif;onf pmom;tjzpfom pmtkyfxJ yg0ifcJUjcif;jzpfygonf/ o&zD
rnfokdU oDqkdrnfenf;/
&efwkdif;atmifawG;aeqJrSmyif ywvm;jzifUtawmoH xGufay:vmum a&Tjynfpkd;oDcsif;oH
av;ukd Bum;vkduf&av\/
]] jrdKif,HawmvkH;jzifY yifjrifYyifqifY tvGefwifYvSo&Sif ___

ocif .. .. .. ocif .. .. .. ocif .. .. ..
102
aqmif;vkvif
oDcsif;qkH;onfESifU tcsykd'fwGif jr&ifESpfu y&dowfukd uefawmUum tjidrfYcGifukd tqkH;
owfvkdufavonf/
tjidrfUcGifjyD;qkH;oGm;onfESifU &efwkdif;atmifonf yGJcif;xJrSxGufcJUum pifaemufzufokdUa&muf

atmif oGm;vkdufav\/
awGUygjyD/
olwpfaeUvkH;&SmaecJUaomo&zD(okdUr[kwf)jr&ifESpf/
tjidrfYur,fqkdwmBudKodrxm; ausmif;wcGifvkH;jyJjyJpifatmif&SmcJU&onf/ wu,fawmU
tjidrfUcef;azsmfajzp&m&Sd o&zDUukd ausmif;xJ&SmrawGUcJUjcif;yif/
pifay:rSqif;vmaomo&zDUukd vSdKifxdyfxm;u pifatmufrSae vufurf;ay;um BudK
vkdufonf/
&efwkdif;atmifukdESpfa,mufpvkH;jrifoGm;Bu\/
] a[m.. ukd&efwkdif;atmif }
] jruav;&,f? wpfaeUvkH;qufoG,fvkduf&wm? &Smvkduf&wmAsm }
o&zDonf rsufESmwpfcsufwnfoGm;um..
] jruav;vkdUrac:ygeJUukd&efwkdif;atmif }
] Asm }
o&zDUpum;aBumifU &efav;0rf;enf;oGm;avonf/
] o&zDuRefawmfUukd uxdefyGJta&mufac:wm }
] o&zDtjidrfUuwmukdBunfUapcsifvdkUyg? tcka&m tptqkH;BunfUvkduf&&JUvm; ukd&efwkdif;
atmif }
] BunfYvkduf&ygw,fo&zD }
o&zDUrsufESmu jyefjyKH;oGm;onf/
] [JU-eifwkdUESpfa,muf 'Dae&mrSm&yfpum;ajymaevdkU raumif;bl;av? tcef;wpfckckxJ oGm;
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15-4-2006
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aqmif;vkvif
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