Abu Lahab-died disbeliever

Wife name is

Uthba
Ruqayyah Bint Muhammad
Her name Ruqayyah ‫رقيّة‬
Her Birth
She was born 3 years after Zainab When the Prophet was 33
Zainab was born 600 CE ( Prophet 570+33=603)
So her Birht shall be about 603 CE She died in 2 AH (624 CE) at age of 21.
Her first Marriage
She was first married to Utbah ibn Abu Lahab
Son of the Prophet's (sallaho alaihi wasallam) uncle but had not yet started
living with him when Soorah ' Al-Lahab' was revealed. Abu Lahab called his
sons Utbah and Utaiban (to the latter Umm Kulsum, another daughter of the
Prophet (sallaho alaihi wasallam) was married, and said to them:

" Unless you both divorce the daughters of Muhammad, I am not going to see
your faces."

They divorced their wives. Later upon that fall of Mecca Utbah embraced
Islam.
His father :
Abu Lahab ibn 'Abdul Muttalib (‫( )أبو لهب‬c. death 624) died a disbeliever, is
among those named as enemies of Islam condemned by name in the Surat
Al-Masadd 111, among many other people.
His full name was Abd-al-Uzza ibn 'Abdul Muttalib
he was called Abu Lahab (meaning father of the flame) because his cheeks
were always red or inflamed.
His wife was Umm Jamil, who bore him two sons
Utabah and Utaybah

The two sons married (later divorced) two daughters of Prophet Muhammad
He is the son of Abdul Muttalib and therefore he is our Prophet
Muhammad’s uncle.
He was rumored to have a relation with Layla bint Harmalah
Thuwaybah, the servant of Abu Lahab, nursed Muhammad when he was an
infant, and later on converted to Islam.
Abu Lahab against Islam and Prophet
In pre-Islamic Arabic culture, an uncle was someone who represented the
father if the child was an orphan.

The uncle was also expected to take care of his nephew and raise him like his
own child. Abu Lahab's hatred towards Islam, which brought him into
conflict with his nephew, violated those traditions.
1) Wa Sabahah
When Prophet Muhammad became Prophet, he climbed Mount Safa and
shouted: Wa sabahah! which means "O calamity of the morning!"
This alarm in Arabia was raised by the person who noticed early at dawn an
enemy tribe advancing against his tribe.

So when Prophet Muhammad did this, people asked who was the one who
made the call. They were told that it was Muhammad.
When all the people assembled, Prophet Muhammad addressed the clans by
name. "O Bani Hashim, O Bani Abdul Muttalib... etc., If I were to tell you
that behind this hill there is an enemy about to attack you, would you believe
me?"
The People responded that they would, since Prophet Muhammad had never
told a lie in his life.
Prophet Muhammad continued and said
"Then I warn you that you are heading for a torment."
Before anybody could speak, Abu Lahab said: "Woe be on you the rest of the
day! Is that what you summoned us for?"

Another tradition recalls Abu Lahab picking up a stone to throw at Prophet

Muhammad.
2) Once Abu Lahab asked Prophet Muhammad: "If I were to accept your
religion, what would I get?"
Prophet Muhammad replied: "You would get what the other believers would
get."
Abu Lahab responded: "Is there no preference or distinction for me?"
In which Prophet Muhammad replied, "What else do you want?"
Abu Lahab replied back: "May this religion perish in which I and all other
people should be equal and alike!"
3) Prophet Muhammad was protected somewhat by the influence of his
family, but even he was subjected to such abuse; while he was praying near
the Kaaba, Abu Lahab threw the entrails of a sacrificed goat over him.
Due to his hostility towards Islam, Muslims believe that Allah sent down a
surah, Surat #111 , Al-Masadd. Its English translation by Pickhall is as
follows:
In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful
1. The power of Abu Lahab will perish, and he will perish.
2. His wealth and gains will not exempt him.
3. He will be plunged in flaming Fire,
4. And his wife, the wood-carrier,
5. Will have upon her neck a halter of palm-fibre.

Death of Abu Lahab

As they sharpened the arrows, Abu Lahab who had not taken part in the
encounter but sent al-As in his place entered. His face looked as black as
thunder as he sat himself down at the other end of the tent with his back
toward Abu Rafi.
Not long after Abu Lahab heard some others in the tent saying, "Abu
Sufyan, Al Harith's son has returned," whereupon he looked up, saw his
nephew and called him.

A small crowd gathered around the two as Abu Sufyan told his uncle, "The
facts are the Quraysh met our enemy and turned their backs. They put us to
flight taking prisoners as they pleased, I cannot blame our tribesmen
because they faced not only them but men wearing white robes riding
piebald horses, who were between heaven and earth. They spared nothing
and no one had a chance."
When Umm Fadl and Abu Rafi heard the news of the men in white riding
between heaven and earth, they could no longer contain their happiness and
Abu Rafi exclaimed for all to hear, "They were angels!"

Abu Rafi's outburst was more than Abu Lahab could bear, in a raging fury he
forced Abu Rafi, who was frail, to the ground and struck him over and over
again.
Umm Fadl grabbed hold of a tent pole that lay nearby and with all her might
hit her brother-in-law's head with it crying out.
"Do you think that you can abuse him just because Abbas is away!"
She wounded him so severely that his head was split open and laid bare part
of his skull.
The wound was never to heal, it turned septic and its poison spread rapidly
through his entire body erupting into open pustules that caused his death
within the week.
When he died, his family, fearing that they might be afflicted with disease
-- for they feared the plague, and his condition resembled it -- were
hesitant to bury him and so they left his decaying body decomposing in his
home for two or three nights.

It was only when someone rebuked them strongly saying, "It is disgraceful,
you should be ashamed of yourselves to leave your father to rot in his house
and not bury him from the sight of men!" that they did something.
With great reluctance and from a safe distance, his sons threw water over
his body, then removed his corpse and left it by a wall on a high piece of
ground outside Makkah and threw stones over it until it was completely
covered.
Battle of Badr=1st Islamic war against the disbeliever 313 Muslims we won
Battle of UHUd= we lost 2nd battle against Quraiysh…winning at 1st but lost
at the end, the Muslims did not stayed in their position bcoz they have to
collect the booties
Barirah mawla Aisha
She was an Arab slave-girl who belonged to Utbah ibn Abu Lahab.
She was forced to marry another slave whose names Mughith, something she
did not approve of. She had a child with him. Aisha took pity on her and
bought her and set her free.
When the young woman was free and in control of her own affairs, she asked
her husband for a divorce. Mughith used to follow her, weeping, whilst she
rejected him.

Sahih Bukhari quotes Ibn Abbas:

"Barirah's husband was a slave, who was known as Mughith. I can almost see
him, running after her and crying, with tears running down onto his beard.
The Prophet said to `Abbas, `O `Abbas, do you not find it strange, how
much Mugith loves Barirah, and how much Barirah hates Mughith?' The
Prophet said (to Barirah), `Why do you not go back to him?' She said, `O
Messenger of Allah, are you commanding me to do so?' He said, `I am merely
trying to intervene on his behalf.' She said, `I have no need of him.'"
Muslims note here that when she asked if it was a commandment, obligatory
to follow, Prophet Muhammad said that he simply was merely trying to
intercede and bring abo
Her 2nd husband
‘Uthmān ibn ‘Affān (‫)عثمان بن عفان‬
His Birth
He was born 7 years after the Prophet Muhammad ( 577 CE- Friday 17of
Dhul Hijja, 35 AH 657 )

His Status in Islam

1) He is the 3rd Caliph He reigned from 644-656 ( 12 years Ruling )
2) He was one of first immigrated to Abasiniyya
During the life of Prophet Muhammad, he was also part of the first muslim
emigration to the city of Axum in Ethiopia,
3) He is one of ten people of Paradise
4) He is the one who sent Quran to all countries
5)The Holy Prophet married to Uthman his two daughters , Ruqayyah and
Umm Kulthum. This was a rare honor. It earned for Othman the title of
"Zun-Noorain," or "the possesor of two lights."

Uthman was of the ten men of paradise

albe_and_rohe: he was the 3rd leader of islam after the prophet died
tasneem: 1st to migrate in Abyssinia
albe_and_rohe: he married two of the prophets daughters

omars 6 selection as Islamic leader but he died===

1-Uthman bin 3Affan,
2-Ali bin Abi Thalib ,
3-Abdurrhman bin 3Auf,
4-Saad bin Abi Waqas,
5-Azzubaeir bin Awwam ,
6-Thalhah bin Ubaedellah.

Uthman sends Quran to all countries==

Hafsa==kept the original Quran copy

Uthman was killed by a Muslim

Abdullah bin sabah=clever not sure if he was a jew , trying to make trouble
to Muslim
Hit his head, 3rd man Hit him w/ a sword, his wife (loyal wife) loose her
finger when she was trying to help his husband
he was reciting this ayat when he died

2:137 And if they believe in the like of that which ye believe, then are they
rightly guided. But if they turn away, then are they in schism, and Allah will
suffice thee (for defence) against them. He is the Hearer, the Knower.
Fa-in aa-manoo bi-mith-li maa
aa-mantum bihi faqadih tadaw wa-in tawallaw
fa-innamaa hum fee shi-qaaaa-qoh
fa-sa-yak-fee-ka-humul laah
wahuwas sameeAAul AAaleem

he was young and capable to be a Lider after they kill him they did not allow
to bury him until 3 days… until Ali talked to them and asked them to bury
him in cemetery in bhaki, he was buried w/o wash

Family
Ruqayyah and Uthman had a son, Abduallah ibn Uthman, but he died in 4 AH ,
at age of 6 years old
Early life
Uthman was born into the wealthy Banu Umayyad clan of the Quraish tribe
in Makkah, he was a cloth merchant.
His convert to Islam
It was Abu Bakr who won Othman for Islam. He and Othman were great
friends. The Holy Prophet belonged to Banu Hashim and Othman belonged to
Banu Omayya. There was old rivalry between the two tribes. This did not
keep back Othman from accepting the truth. As soon as he heard the
message of Islam, he accepted it. He was one of the first Muslims. The Holy
Prophet gave to him his daughter, Ruaqayya in marriage.
His torment by the disbelievers
By becoming a Muslim, Othman drew upon himself the anger of his relatives.
His uncle, Hakam, tied his hand and foot. He then shut him up in a dark room.
Othman gladly underwent all kinds of torture, but refused to give up Islam.
The Quraish who once loved Othman now became his enemies. His own
relatives would have nothing to do with him. This made Othman feel
miserable. He went to the Holy Prophet and asked permission to go to
Abyssinia. The permission was given. Othman was the first Muslim to leave
for Abyssinia. He and his wife crossed the Red Sea and sought refuge in
Abyssinia. They were the first to give up their home and all they had for the
cause of Allah.
Uthman was an early convert to Islam, and is said to have spent a great deal
of his wealth on charity. His conversion angered his clan, which strongly
opposed Prophet Muhammad. During the life of Muhammad, When migration
from Mecca began, Othman and his wife Ruqayya also went to Medina and
settled there.
he was part of the first migration to Abysinniya , and the later from
Makkah to Madina.
He frequently served as Prophet Muhammad's secretary.

Battle of Badr
He could not participate in the Battle of Badr because he stayed behind in
Madina to take care of his sick wife Ruqayyah (the daughter of Prophet),
although he was also given his share of war trophies from the battle.
Othman was among those who were very close to the Holy Prophet. He
fought by the side of the Prophet in all battles except Badr. He could not go
to Badr because his wife, Ruqayya, was very ill. The Prophet himself told
Othman to stay back at Medina and attend to his ailing wife. Ruaqayya died
of this illness.
Othman took the death of Ruqayya very much to heart. He was all the more
sad because he no longer enjoyed the honor of being the son-in-law of the
Prophet. The Holy Prophet saw this. So he married to Othman his second
daughter, Umm Kulthum. This was a rare honor. It earned for Othman the
title of "Zun-Noorain," or "the possesor of two lights."

His Character
The Prophet said: "The most compassionate of my Community towards my
Community is Abu Bakr; the staunchest in Allah’s Religion is `Umar; and the
most truthful in his modesty is `Uthman."
The pebbles were heard by Abu Dharr glorifying Allah in the hands of the
Prophet, Abu Bakr, `Umar, and `Uthman. The Prophet particularly praised
`Uthman for his modesty and said: "Shall I not feel bashful before a man
when even the angels feel bashful before him?"
"Othman is the most modest of my Companions," once said the Holy Prophet.
His modesty did not leave Othman even after he was the ruler of a big
empire. He was generous and soft-hearted. He was always inclined to
overlook people's faults. High virtues indeed! But as the head of a big State,
Othman needed to be something more. He needed to be strong, firm and
prompt. However, Othman's heart would not allow him to follow the course
of firmness. He knew full well where the path of love was going to lead and
gladly paid the price with his life.
He was humble and was seen at the time of his caliphate sleeping alone in the
mosque, wrapped in a blanket with no one around him, and riding on a mule
with his son Na’il behind him.
It is related through several sound chains that `Uthman recited the Qur’an
in a single rak`a. Ibrahim ibn Rustum al-Marwazi said: "Four are the Imams
that recited the entire Qur’an in a single rak`a: `Uthman ibn `Affan, Tamim
al-Dari, Sa`id ibn Jubayr, and Abu Hanifa." Ibn al-Mubarak also narrated
that `Uthman used to fast all year round. `Ali ibn Abi Talib said: "`Uthman
was one of those who were ‘mindful of their duty and [did] good works, and
again [were] mindful of [their] duty, and [believed], and once again [were]
mindful of their duty, and did right. Allah loves those who do good.’ (5:93)"
Ibn `Umar said that `Uthman was meant by the verse "Is he who pays
adoration in the watche39:9).

Umar’s death
Uthman became caliph after caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab in 644. Prior to his
death, When 'Umar fell under the assassin's dagger, before he died the
people asked him to nominate his successor. 'Umar appointed a committee
consisting of six of the ten companions of the Prophet (peace be on him)
about whom the Prophet had said, "They are the people of Heaven" - Ali,
Uthman, Abdul Rahman, Sa'ad, Al-Zubayr and Talha - to select the next
Caliph from among themselves.

He also outlined the procedure to be followed if any differences of opinion

should arise. Abdul Rahman withdrew his name. He was then authorized by
the committee to nominate the Caliph. After two days of discussion among
the candidates and after the opinions of the Muslims in Medina had been
ascertained, the choice was finally limited to Uthman and Ali. Abdul Rahman
came to the mosque together with other Muslims, and after a brief speech
and questioning of the two men, swore allegiance to Uthman. All those
present did the same, and Uthman became the third Caliph of Islam in the
month of Muharram, 24 A.H.
Uthman's ruling & Achievement (644–656)
Uthman reigned for twelve years, and during his rule, all of Iran, most of
North Africa, the Caucasus and Cyprus were conquered and incorporated
into the Islamic empire. His rule was characterized by increasingly
centralized control of revenues from the provinces, aided by governors
drawn largely from his kinsmen in the Umayyad clan because of nature of the
tribe which had always produced good leaders.

Umayyad governors
Uthman appointed many of his kinsmen as governors of the new domains. The
kindest explanation for this reliance on his kin is that the Muslim empire had
expanded so far, so fast, that it was becoming extremely difficult to govern,
and that Uthman felt that he could trust his own kin not to revolt against
him. However, many Muslims did not see this as prudence; they saw it as
nepotism, and an attempt to rule like a king rather than as the first among
equalsMany of his governors were accused of corruption and misrule. Some
of his kinsmen were also involved in the murder of a son of Abu Bakr, the
first caliph, which further alienated many influential Muslims .
Despite internal troubles, Othman's Caliphate did see expansion of the
empire. North Africa was added to it. Risings in different parts were quickly
put down. Byzantium was not allowed to take advantage of the internal
troubles of Islam.
Qur'an
Othman did a great service to Islam by sending out standard copies of the
Qur'an to provincial capitals. The need arose from a dispute about the way
of reciting the Holy Qur'an. People of Iraq recited it one way and the people
of Syria in another way. The matter came up before the Caliph in 30 A.H.
"We copy the way of Abu Musa Ashari," said the Iraqis.
"And we follow the way of Miqdad bin al-Aswad," declared the Syrians.

Othman put the matter before the Companions. All agreed that the copy
prepared in Abu Bakr's time was the standard one. After Abu Bakr, it had
passed into the hands of Omar, and now it was with his daughter, Hafsa.
Othman got this copy. Zahid bin Thabit, the trusted scribe of the revelation,
was asked to prepare seven copies from it. He was to be helped by three
more men, who had the Qur'an by heart.
Zaid himself had the whole Qur'an by heart. He was also one of the scribes
of the revelation. First, he wrote out the whole book from memory. Then he
read it out to a gathering of Muhajirun and Ansar three times. Then he
compared this copy with the one that was with Hafsa. The two copies were
exactly alike. Seven more copies were then written out and sent to different
parts of the country.

Uthman’s Death
The Siege
When trouble Begins
The plan of the Caliph's enemies was to cause a general rising
when the Governors were away for the conference at Medina. But the plot
could not be carried out The hooligans of Kufa, however, did not allow their
Governor to enter the city when he came back from the conference. They
wanted Abu Musa Ashari to be their Governor. The Calpih granted their
request and made Abu Musa the Governor of Kufa.
The hooligans now made another plot. Their ring-leaders, from each
province, decided to meet in Medina. They were to study things in the capital
and decide upon the future course of action.
Accordingly, the ring-leaders from all provinces met outside Medina. The
Calpih came to know of their coming. He sent of them two men whom they
trusted. The men came back with an alarming plot. They said the ring-
leaders were bent on mischief. Their plan was to go back and tell the people
that the Caliph had refused to listen to their complaints. In the following
year, they intended to march on Medina at the head of large parties and to
kill the Caliph. The Caliph heard the report calmly but did nothing in

The ring-leaders then entered Medina. The Caliph had been told about their
future plans. Some people suggested that they should all be killed. That
would dry up the source of mischief, they suggested. But the Caliph replied,
"I cannot kill any man without sufficient legal reasons. These people have
some misunderstandings. I will try to remove these. I will be kind and
forgiving to them and try to bring them to the right path. If kindness fails
to work, I shall give myself up to Allah's will
Othman Rebuts Charges
The Caliph then called together the leading men of Medina as well
as the ring-leaders who had come from the provinces. He addressed that
gathering thus:
"It is said I have reserved some pastures for public use. By Allah, I have not
reserved any pasture which was not so reserved before me. In these
pastures graze the animals that are public property. Moreover, the pastures
are open to everybody. Only those were disallowed their use who offered
bribes to get more than what was their due. As for my use of these
pastures, I have no more than two camels. These camels serve me at the
time of Hajj. You all know that before I became Caliph, no one in Arabia had
m I have sent authorized copies of the Qur'an in all parts of the empire.
There are people who object to this. You all know that the Qur'an is only one
book sent down by Allah. The Companions who wrote down this book, under
the eyes of the Holy Prophet, are still alive. It is they who compiled the copy
which I have sent everywhere.

It is said I have appointed young men as officers. The fact is that it is not
age but ability and character that guides my choice. Here are men from the
provinces. They cannot deny the ability and honesty of my officers. Young
age is no disqualification. The Holy Prophet gave Usama the command of an
army, although he was younger than all the men I have appointed.

It is said I gave to the Governor of Egypt the whole booty of North Africa
as a reward. The fact is that he was given only one-fifth of the fifth part
due to the State. There are examples of such rewards before my time.
Anyhow, when I came to know that people objected to it, I took back the
money from the Governor.

It is said I love my kinsmen and bestow rewards on them. It is no sin to love

one's kinsmen. But this love has never made me unjust to other people. As
for rewards, I have never given a kinsmen any thing out of public funds
except what was his due. But I do make gifts to my kinsmen out of my own
pocket. I spent on them before I became Caliph. Now that I am old and do
not hope to live long, I do not wish to keep anything with me. I do not think
it right to spend anything on my kinsmen out of public funds. In fact, I do
not get anything out of these funds for my own expenses either. The
revenue of each province is spent on the people of that province. The public
treasury at Medina receives nothi
It is said I have given lands to my friends. This is not true. Many people
from Medina went with the conquering armies. Some of them settled in the
conquered lands. There they acquired pieces of land. Afterward, some of
them came back to sell their lands in distant parts of the empire and give
them the price therof."
The Caliph asked his hearers if these facts were true. All said they were!
It became clear to all present that the charges heaped on the Caliph were
false. However, no one suggested a way to clear him in the eyes of the
common man of these false charges.

Rioters March on Medina

The ring-leaders went back to their provinces. They told people
that the Caliph was not willing to set things light. They waited for the next
Haj. As the time for Haj came near, they decided to send strong parties
from Basra, Kufa and Egypt, seemingly for Haj. From Mecca, these parties
were to march on Medina and decided things with the sword.
The Caliph had known about this plot of the mischief-mongers long before.
But he did not want to use force against his enemies. He was determined to
win them with love or to perish in the attempt.

In the month of Shawwal 35 A.H., rioters set off from Basra, Kufa and
Egypt. They left in small parties. They numbered about one thousand from
each province. They marched on Medina and encamped some miles away from
the city, at three different places. Some of the Egyptians came to Ali and
requested him to accept their leadership. He refused. Some men from Basra
went to Talha with a similar request and got the same answer. The rioters of
Kufa made the same request to Zubair. He too refused to be a party to their
evil plans.
Ali Sends Rioters Away
Othman came to know what the rioters had in mind. He went to
Ali and requested him to use his influence with the mischief-mongers and to
sent them away.
"Did I not tell you so often," said Ali, "not to be led by your kinsmen? But
you listned to Marwan, Muawia, Ibn Amr, Ibn Abi Sarah, and Saeed bin As.
How can I sent back these men now?"
Othman assured Ali that in the future he would be guided by his advice and
would not listen to his kinsmen.
"You better say this thing publicly in the mosque," said Ali. "That would make
the change in State policy known to everyone. The rioters then will have no
excuse to create trouble."
Accordingly, Othman went to the mosque and said in his address: "If I have
made any mistakes, I beg Allah's forgiveness. I request all men of insight
among you to give me the right advice. By Allah, for the cause of truth, I am
ready to obey even a slave. I promise to be led by your wishes. No longer will
I listen to Marwan and his men."
Tears flowed down the Caliph's cheeks as he finished the address. The
hearers also began to weep.
Ali now went to the Egyptians. He assured them that all their complaints
would be removed. They seemed to be satisfied and set off on the road to
Egypt. Rioters from Basra and Kufa also marched off to their cities. The
storm seemed to have blown over.

The Mysterious Letter

Everybody in Medina thought that the trouble had ended.
Presently, the streets of the city began to ring with the shouts of the
rioters. They trooped aroung the Caliph's house and ringed in on all sides.
Loud shouts of "Revenge! Revenge!" rented the air of Medina.
Ali came to the Egyptians and asked why the had come back.
"You assured us," they said, "that our complaints would be removed, but we
saw a messenger hurry past ut. We stopped him and searched his person. We
found him carrying a letter from the Caliph, ordering the Governor to kill us
as soon as we were back. Here is the letter It bears the Caliph's seal. This is
a clear breach of faith. The Ca
"And what has brought you back?" Ali asked the rioters from Kufa nd Basra.
"We had to help our Egyptian brothers," they said.
"But your roads were so apart. How did you come to know of the letter,
after having gone several miles on your roads?"
To this there was no reply.
"It is clear," said Ali, "that you have made a plot. You seem to be bent on
putting it through."
"Say what you will," replied the rioters, "we do not want Othman to be the
Caliph. Allah had made his blood lawful to us. You too, should help our cause."
"By Allah," replied Ali, "I will have nothing to do with you."

"Then why did you write letters to us?" they demanded.

"What letters?" said Ali in amazement. "By Allah, I never wrote to you
anything."
Ali saw that things were beyond his control. The rioters seemed bent on
dragging him in as well. Ali saw that his position was becoming difficult. So
he left for Ahjaruzzet, a place some miles from Medina.
The rioters showed the letter to the Caliph and said, "Did you pass this
death sentence on us?"

"I swear by Allah," replied Othman, "I know nothing about this letter."
"Well, then you are not fit to continue as Calpih," roared the rioters. "If you
wrote the letter, then you are clearly unfit to be the Caliph. But if someone
else wrote it and you know it not, even then you are equally unfit. If such
important orders can be sent out without your knowledge, you should not
continue as head of the State. We demand that you give up the Caliphate."
Othman rejected the demand. "I will not take off with my own hands," he
delcared, "the robe of honor which Allah made me put on."

Seeing that Othman would not part with the Caliphate, the rioters laid siege
to his house. For forty days the siege went on. As days went by, the
blockade became more tight. Rioters disallowed even the supply of water to
reach the aged Caliph.
There were other men inside the house besides the Caliph and his family.
Among them were Hasan, Husain, Muhammad bin Talha, Abdullah bin Zubair,
Abu Huraira, Marwan and others. These men served as the guards of the
Caliph. They had some encounters with the rioters. In these encounters
Hasan and Marwan got wounded. Marwan's wounds were serious. But the
rioters avoided a pitched battle. They knew that because of Hasan and
Husain, men o

It was during the siege that Othman sent Abdullah bin Abbas to Mecca. He
was to lead the Haj as the Caliph's deputy. The Caliph also sent messengers
to provincial Governors to tell them of the siege.
When the hardship of the siege grew, Mughira bin Shaaba requested the
Caliph to do something about it. He put three proposals before him. "Come
out of the house," he proposed, "and fight the rioters. You have men with
you. The people of Medina will also fight at your side. Moreover, you are in
the right truth and must win. Or, leave by the back-door and reach Mecca.
The rioters cannot lay hands on you in the holy city. Or, go to Syria. There
you will be safe with Muawia to protect you."
To this Othman replied, "I do not agree to the first proposal because I do
not want to be the first Caliph to shed the blood of Muslims. I do not accept
the second proposal either. This is because I do not want to become a
danger to the holy city of Mecca. The third proposal is also unnacceptable.
At no price will I give up the neighborhood of the Prophet."
Things were getting worse every day, but Othman was bent upon fighting evil
with love, even though it cost him his life.

Othman Murdered
Othman made use of only one weapon. It was his kind and soft
words. He went to the roof of his house several times and spoke to the
rioters. He told them how close he had been to the Holy Prophet. He
reminded them what services he had rendered to Islam. But his words fell on
deaf ears. Nothing could stop the rioters from mischief.
As the day of Haj grew near, the rioters' anxiety grew. In a few days
hundreds of men would be back from Haj, they knew. Help from provinces
might also arrive. They had to put through their plot without delay or it
would be too late. They had to act quickly.

Othman's house was very big. Hasan, Husain, Muhammad bin Talha and
Abdullah bin Zubair stood guard at the main gate. The rioters had no wish to
cross swords with these men. That would draw the kinsmen of these men
into the fight. To avoid this, a part of rioters stealthily jumped over the
backwall of the house, and rushed towards where the aged Caliph was. The
guards at the main gate knew nothing about what was going on inside.
Othman was sitting with the Holy Book open before him. He was reciting the
Qur'an. Muhammad bin Abu Bakr was leading the party of assassins. He got
hold of the Caliph's beard and pulled it.

"My dear nephew," said Othman, looking into Muhammad's eyes, "if your
father had been alive, he would not have liked this conduct of yours."
The young man was cut to the quick and turned back.
Then another another man hit the Caliph on the head with an axe. The third
struck him with a sword. Naila, the faithful wife of Othman, had her fingers
cut off in trying to shield her husband. Then all the rioters fell upon the
aged Caliph. They inflicted several wounds on his body. One of them, Amr bin
Hamq by name, cut off his head.
The news of Othman's cruel murder came as a rude shock to everybody. Ali
was stunned when he heard of it. He rushed to Medina.
"Where were you?" he rebuked his sons, Hasan and Husain, "when the
Commander of the Faithful was murdered?"
Similarly, he was angry with Abdullah bin Zubair and others who stood guard
at the gate.
Othman was murdered on Friday, the 17th of Dhul Hijja, 35 A.H at age of
80.

After killing the Caliph, the rioters plundered his house. Then they rushed
to the public treasury and looted it. Horror-stricken people looked on the
orgy from behind closed doors. No one dared to call a halt to it. Medina
seemed to be at the mercy of the rioters. For three days, Othman's dead
body lay unburied. Rioters would not allow anyone to bury it. At last some
people went to Ali and spoke to him about the matter. At Ali's request, the
rioters allowed the burial. Late in the evening, seventeen men carried the
dead body to the graveyard of Medina and buried it there Such was the end
of Othman, the apostle of love and peace. He wanted to prevent blood-shed
at all costs. He did his utmost to counter trickery and violence with love and
kindness. The attempt failed. Othman had to pay with his own life for this
failure.

The funeral
The dead body of Uthman lay in the house for three days. Naila the wife of
Uthman approached some of the supporters of Uthman to help in the burial
of Uthman. Only about a dozen persons responded to the call.

These included Marwan bin Hakam, Zaid bin Thabit,'Huwatib bin Alfarah,
Jabir bin Muta'am, Abu Jahm bin Hudaifa, Hakim bin Hazam and Niyar bin
Mukarram.

The dead body was lifted at dusk. In view of the blockade no coffin could be
procured. The dead body was not washed as in Islam, martyrs' bodies are
not washed before burial. Uthman was carried to the graveyard in the
clothes that he was wearing at the time of his assassination

According to one account permission was obtained from Ali to bury the dead
body. According to another account, no permission was obtained, and the
dead body was carried to the graveyard in secret. According to another
account when the rioters came to know that the dead body was being carried
to the graveyard they gathered to stone the funeral, but Ali forbade them
to resort to any such act, and they withdrew. According to one account Ali
attended the funeral. There is however overwhelming evidence to the effect
that Ali did not attend the funeral. Naila the widow of Uthman followed the
funeral with a lamp, but in order to maintain secrecy the lamp had to be
extinguished. Naila was accompanied
The burial
The dead body was carried to "Baqi' al Farqad", the graveyard of Muslims. It
appears that some people gathered there, and they resisted the burial of
Uthman in the graveyard of the Muslims. The supporters of Uthman insisted
that the dead body would be buried in the graveyard of the Muslims. Those
who were opposed to such burial grew in strength, and fearing lest such
opposition might take a more ominous turn, the dead body of Uthman was
taken to the neighboring graveyard of the Jew "Hush Kaukab", and buried
there in a hurry. The funeral prayers were led by Jabir bin Muta'am, and the
dead body was lowered in the grave without much of ceremony. After burial,
Naila the widow of Uthman

Ruqayyah’s Death

At the time of 'Badr' Ruqayyah was sick (she died subsequently this
sickness) Usman was, to stay in Medina and look after her. The news about
the victory in Badr reached Medina when people were returning from
Ruqayyah's funeral. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) was therefore not
present at her burial. May Allah have mercy on her.