Antiviral drugs

Drug Approved Drug Antiherpetic Agents -Acyclovir -Valacyclovir -Gancyclovir Antiretroviral Agents -Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) Eg: Zidovudine and Lamivudine -Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nNRTI) -Protease inhibitor -Fusion inhibitor Antiinfluenza Agents -Amantadine and rimantadine: for prevention and treatment of influenza A human classic strain -Neuraminidase (replication enzyme) inhibitor: prevention and treatment of HINI and H1N5 (Oseltamivir and Zanamivir) #No cross resistance occurs for Oseltamivir and Zanamivir Antihepatitis Agents B C -Standard or -Standard pegylated or pegylated interferon alpha interferon -Nucleoside alpha or reverse albuferon transcriptase - Standard inhibitor. or Eg: pegylated lamivudine, interferon alpha or adefovir, entecavir albuferon + ribavirin B -Decrease viral load -Prevent hepatic failure -Prevent progression to hepatic carcinoma C -Eradicate viral load -Normalize the biochemical and histological parameters -Prevent progression to cirrhosis and liver cancer -Improve symptoms -Prolong survival

Therapeutic Uses

Acyclovir Topical -Herpetic keratoconjunctivitis -Very localized genital herpes simplex Oral -Prophylaxis (reactivation of latent virus during immunosuppressed/CMV during organ transplantation before establishment) -Treatment (Primary and recurrent genital herpes simplex/herpetic gingivostomatitis/Chicken pox in immunocompromized patients/Early treatment

Gancyclovir -CMV infections treatment -Preemptive CMV treatment -Prophylaxis CMV infection in immunocompromized patients

Zidovudine -HIV treatment (decrease viral load/decrease opportunistic infections/increase in weight/Prolongation of survival) -Host exposure prophylaxis in transfusion or needle stick injuries -Reduce the incidence of vertical transmission

Created by Qosru Iskandariah

Adverse Effects

of Varicella zoster in immunocompetent patients) I.V. -Disseminating herpes simplex -Varicella zoster in immunocompromized patients) Acyclovir -GIT (nausea, diarrhea) -Kidney (Insufficient and reversibly crystalline nephropathy occurs by rapid infusion and can be avoided by rehydration) -CNS (neurotoxic) -Phlebitis

Gancyclovir -Bone marrow suppression

-Leucopenia and anemia -Neurotoxicity -Myopathy -Severe lactic acidosis

-GIT (Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain) -CNS (Headache, vertigo, insomnia) -Respiratory (Bronchospasm)

Lamivudine -Pancreatitis -Lactic acidosis Adefovir -Nephrotoxicity -Lactic acidosis Interferon -Influenza-like syndrome -Bone marrow suppression -Neurotoxicity -Nephrotoxicity -Hypertension -Autoimmune endocrine disorder -Cytochrome P450 inhibitor -Teratogenicity Ribavirin -Haemolytic anemia

Created by Qosru Iskandariah