IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY

Fairness creams have become a vital product for the Pakistani FMCG companies in increasing their overall sales due to the importance given by Pakistani consumers towards fairness. As Pakistan is a country known for its diversity different consumers from different parts of the country prefer different brands. Hence, this report aims to identify the brand preference of consumers towards fairness creams. The report also examines the factors influencing consumers in preferring various brands of fairness creams. Within a short span of the last five-six years, the use of cosmetics by Pakistani consumers has increased significantly with more and more women and men taking greater interest in personal grooming, increasing disposable incomes, changing life styles, influence of satellite television and greater product choice and availability. With the demand for cosmetics on the rise and the opening up of the market to foreign companies, many of the worlds popular cosmetics brands entered the Pakistan market in the early and Pakistani mid-nineties and some more have set their sights on Pakistan. The growing cosmetics market offers promising prospects for international brands. The growth rate in the cosmetics market reflects an increasing demand for beauty care products in Pakistan.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE & PROBLEM STATEMENT:

In the present era of competition the vary existence of any business depends upon its customer bank. Customer is the king in present business world. Gone are the days when producer or seller used to rule the business world. Today customer is the main pillar on which any business stands. Due to entry of the MNC's there is cut throat competition in the market. They have already established in urban markets and now rural and suburban areas are the thrust areas. I have choose "To Study the Consumer Buying Behavior towards Fairness Creams" to have a deep knowledge of consumer behavior Regarding fairness creams. In my research I have tried to find out main brand used? Why these

Brands are used? Factor affecting their purchase behavior like price, Quality, results, etc. I also have tried to find out relation in buying behavior and age, sex, family income. The research study is a comprehensive survey to reach deep in the consumption pattern of the target customer.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY BUYING BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS FAIRNESS CREAMS :

1. To study the current Pakistan market for fairness creams. 2. To analyze the relationship between a specific brand and its buying behavior . 3. To assess whether advertising is influencing the buying behavior of the consumers. 4. To study the impact of the brands of fairness creams on the consumers buying behavior.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY :

The scope of the study covers almost all categories of fairness creams. The whole appraisal of fairness creams will be angle of customer satisfaction. Any substitutes of fairness creams like soaps or natural products will not be considered. Also fairness creams locally made by the unorganized sector and which are not branded will not be considered. Introduction Fair complexion is a dream of almost every individual . People have been using various products in order to have a fair skin. In earlier days people used homely tips to make their skin fair and glowing but now scenario has been changed. Various fairness creams have been introduced in the market. Previously the market was unisex i.e. products were available only for females but now

it is available for males also with the first entrance made by Emami Fair and Handsome. REASON FOR BUYING FAIRNESS CREAM It may seem a strange phenomenon that in a country where the majority of the people are dark-skinned with subtle variations in brownness, the overriding factor that declares whether a woman is good-looking or not is the lightness of her skin. Would-be mother sin-law crave for fair-skinned brides for their sons; men young and old, prefer lighter skinned partners (if they have a choice) and most pathetically of all, women from allsocio-economic backgrounds go to unbelievable lengths to become just a little whiter. Mothers become anxious when their baby girls turn out to be dark as this puts their daughters at a disadvantage in the "marriage market". Many young women go through the humiliation of being checked out by the prospective groom and his relatives, only to be rejected because her skin is not fair enough. Others pay higher dowries or have some other lucrative incentive (like property or fat bank balances) to make up for their darkness. Even girls as young as 8 or 9 years are conscious about not getting tanned in the sun. Meanwhile the media especially electronic, seems to be part of this conspiracy. All the women one sees on television from film actresses to presenters to models in beauty ads, everyone is light-skinned. Watching television these days, one would think that there are no dark-skinned women in either India or Bangladesh! The obsession with whiter skin has opened up great opportunities for skin cream manufacturers and the market is ridden with all kinds of creams, lotions and gels that guarantee fairer skin after regular use. Women- those who can afford it that is- spend thousands of rupees on these products as well as treatments at salons just to lighten their skin. Sunshine was never such a fearsome thing. The fascination with fair skin may be rooted in a number of things. One, dark skin is associated with labor and field work in the sun, and fair skin with wealth, aristocracy and higher education. A second theory is that light-skinned conquerors from the Aryans to the Moguls and European colonizers set the standard for attractiveness in the poorer colonies with their dark-skinned majority. Whatever the roots, in modern times, the fairness fixation has been reinforced and perpetuated by the media. Every face on the billboard and silver screen, excepting some of the rare "dusky" beauties and villains and vamps, appears to be light-skinned. Fairness is equated with beauty. But while this is done more implicitly in films, etc., it is blatantly explicit in advertisements for fairness creams.

Are men concerned about their complexion? Do men worry about skin fairness? If asked few decades back the answer would be a big no as fairness creams and cosmetics were the personal properties of female race. But today alarming statistics reveal that cosmetics and fairness creams are equally sought after by men too. As fashion trends and lifestyles change, the attitudes and conceptions about human beauty also have undergone tremendous changes. Today fairness is not a word mentioned only in the matrimonial advertisements but the society believe that being fair is being beautiful and handsome. A famous fairness cream is named Fair & Handsome as if to proclaim that to be fair is to be handsome.

Tall and dark? Then you are not likely to be deemed handsome, going by current trends, even though India has always worshipped dark gods. The metrosexual look is getting preference - and that means men are chasing fairness creams and chemical peels, thanks to media and advertising playing a role in promoting them. Commenting on the Indian mans growing fascination for fair skin, Apollo Hospital senior cosmetic surgeon Anup Dhir told IANS: I get around 8-19 inquiries every month from men to improve their skin tone and help them look fairer. There are times when a man accompanying a woman client ends up taking skin-related treatments after consultation. Dark gods like Krishna and Rama are deeply embedded in the Indian psyche. But the country has always shown a bias in favour of light skin as far as mere mortals go. Ever since the macho look was replaced by the metrosexual look, men have started taking a greater interest in their appearance. From visiting parlours for manicures and pedicures to spas, they are concentrating on every aspect of grooming. And that means falling for fairness products.

Buying fairness creams or getting regular massages, facials, manicures and pedicures done is just an indicator that today men, like women, want to pamper themselves, psychiatrist Sanjay Chugh told IANS. Various cosmetic brands have launched fairness creams for men and with Bollywood celebrities like Shahid Kapoor and John Abraham endorsing them, they have become a craze. In 2005, Emami was perhaps the first one to launch the mens fairness cream Fair & Handsome. Two years later, the company roped in superstar Shah Rukh Khan as its brand ambassador. This was followed by HULs Fair & Lovely Menz Active that came in 2006 and the very next came Nivea for Men Whitening Moisturiser and Nivea for Men Multi-White Whitening Facial Foam. The same year actor Anuj Saxenas company Elder HealthCare came out with Fair One Man Cream. In 2009 cosmetics brand Garnier India entered mens skin care with the Mens Powerlight range that also includes face wash and moisturiser. According to its marketing manager Richa Singh, the grooming habits of Indian men have evolved. As per research, the need to look and feel good is extremely high. Skin care is an integral part of grooming and fairness has been identified as a principal demand in the male grooming market. We identified the consumer need and offered a specialised skin care range for men. According to a report, the mens fairness products market is estimated at Rs.175 crore (nearly $40 million) and is growing at the rate of 25 percent. While the womens fairness market is growing at 7 to 8 percent.

Media has played a major role in pushing men in this direction. He couldnt be more right, as ads promoting fairness creams seek to portray that dark skinned guys lack confidence and are not as successful as the fair-skinned. So is it really possible to lighten skin tones with fairness products? Yes, you can. While skin colour is largely genetic, it is also greatly affected by sun exposure, hormonal changes and various other factors, Mumbai-based anti-aging medicine specialist S. Ali Mohammad told IANS. These lotions and creams contain hydroquinone, a chemical which inhibits melanin and lightens the skin. Since melanin is what causes darker skin, you will notice your skin is lighter with regular use. Experts suggest that one can also opt for chemical peels to get better and faster results. It is possible to lighten your skin to your original colour. That is usually judged by the colour of your chest mid part area, said Mumbai-based dermatologist Priyanka Sutariya. These peels help to remove several layers of skin, depending on the strength of your peel, revealing skin below that is lighter, fresher and brighter. The prices of these peels start from Rs.2,000 (over $40) and a person has to take six to eight sessions to achieve desired results.

The terms skin whitening, skin lightening, and skin bleaching covers a variety of cosmetic methods used in an attempt to whiten or lighten the skin

Skin lightening or whitening is a controversial topic as it is closely intertwined with the detrimental effects on health, identity, self image, racial supremacy and colonial mentality According to the Daily Mail, Aishwarya Rai the former Miss World and Indian movie star is said to be considering suing Elle Magazine of what has been deemed racist airbrushing when they put her on a cover with digitally lightened photos. There is evidence to suggest that some types of skin-whitening products use active ingredients (such as mercurous chloride) and hydroquinone which can be harmful. Hydroquinone has now been banned in Europe and in many other countries can only be prescribed by a doctor for certain skin conditions. There are skin lightening formulas which do not contain chemicals harmful to skin and are safe to use. These are more likely to be manufactured in countries where there are strict regulations governing the cosmetics industry, as in the UK, Europe and USA. There is a growing market in skin lightening products that are toxic free which have the drawback of being more costly due their expensive ingredients. One of the first to be introduced was the European brand Super Skin Lightener. Japan and the Pacific is a big market for high quality skin lightening products imported from Europe.]In India, Fair and Lovely by Unileverremains a popular brand despite the company being forced to withdraw television advertisements for the product in 2007. In developing countries, banned chemicals are still being used in skin lightening creams.

Uneven pigmentation affects most people, regardless of ethnic background or skin color. Skin may either appear lighter or darker than normal; there may be blotchy, uneven areas, patches of brown to gray discoloration or freckling. Skin pigmentation disorders occur because the body produces either too much or too little melanin. Melanin is the pigment produced by melanocyte cells. It is triggered by an enzyme called tyrosinase, which creates the color of skin, eyes, and hair shades.

Melanin has two major forms that combine to create varying skin tones. Eumelanin produces a range of brown skin and hair color, while pheomelanin imparts a yellow to reddish hue. Melanin provides some amount of sun protection for the skin by absorbing ultraviolet light. Darker skin colors are less susceptible to sunburn and the overall effects of sun damage. Increased melanin production also known as hyperpigmentation is often referred to as melasma, chloasma or solar lentigenes. l Melasma is a general term describing darkening of the skin. l Chloasma is generally used to describe skin discolorations caused by hormones. These hormonal changes are usually the result of pregnancy, birth control pills or estrogen replacement therapy. l Solar lentigenes is the technical term for darkened spots on the skin caused by the sun. Solar refers to sunlight and lentigene describes a darkened area of skin. These spots are quite common in adults with a long history of unprotected sun exposure. Aside from sun exposure and hormones, hyperpigmentation can be caused by skin damage, such as remnants of blemishes, wounds or rashes. This is especially true for those with darker skin tones. The most typical cause of darkened areas of skin, brown spots or areas of discoloration is unprotected sun exposure. Once incorrectly referred to as liver spots, these pigment problems are not connected with the liver. On lighter to medium skin tones, solar lentigenes emerge as small- to medium-sized brown patches of freckling that can grow and accumulate over time on areas of the body that receive the most unprotected sun exposure, such as the back of the hands, forearms, chest, and face. For those with darker skin colors, these discolorations can appear as patches or areas of ashen-gray skin.

Review of Literature

Article-i No one knows beauty products better than women, who are always trying something or the other on their skin. From Banana to Rose water yes they have tried it all to look younger and for a fairer complexion. But apart from all these natural products is there a product in the Indian market which can make a women or man fairer in fewer days, we will find out by reviewing these fairness creams. Since nearly every product in the market claims to making you fair from Shahid Kapoor to John Abraham and from Katrina Kaif to Kajole selling Olay products. The market for beauty products is vast but the market for fairness creams I think occupies 90% of the space. Long from the days of Britishers we have always loathed dark skin thinking the white is always right, because of the hot climate in India most of us are dark skinned. And no matter what we try the colour pigmentation in our skin doesnt seem to be responding to these products easily. Have you ever wished you could just wash off the colour of your skin just like those Tide washing powder ads, where dirt vanishes instantly? Fair and Handsome: - Shockingly the Indian fairness cream market never saw the males as their potential customers, until the Emami Fair and Handsome cream was launched. It can be said as the first cream to focus on Indian males. It is priced around 37 Rs for a medium pack. And yes I must say it works, atleast on my complexion it did show some positive results. But it has drawbacks the cream is sticky and does not spread over your skin. May be a gel base formulation would make it more effective. The ingredients have not been shared by the cream makers but they claim it to be Ayurvedic and natural. Garnier for Men Power Light:- Garnier is a well known brand among beauty products, it has recently launched its popular Garnier for Men Powerlight cream, with a gel based cream Garnier Powerlight seems to be effective for all skins. It also provides you with SPF15 sun screen. Though I must say it is not for people who can spend. It is priced above 100 Rs for a single pack. The efficacy of the cream may depend on usage and your skin type. These are some of the main fairness creams from Indian market in my opinion the major products to go after are Olay and Fair and Handsome.

Though Olay has been focused on woman I think men too can try it for best results, remember to use face wash and clean your skin on regular basis for healthy and glowing results. There are other new products as well Fair and Lovely menz active, Nivea for Men, Vasline Mens etc. Rest melanin is an eminent part of human skin and prevents us from Sun damage there is no shame in have a dark complexion some of our famous models and actress are dark skinned too. There are a lot of beauty products in the market available these days for the purpose of beautification and nurture of the body. Most of the people want to have a better personality but they are actually found perplexed about what they should do to get and sustain that cause. A perfect personality includes better physique, glowing skin and rather a fair and youthful complexion. In order to have a lighter skin tone, most of the people consider using skin fairness creams. Both of the men and women prefer to have a color that is appealing yet tempting for their overall look. Men want better-looking complexion because in todays world they are generally outgoing and athletic to represent themselves in front of others. With the availability of the mens fairness creams out there, it is quite confusing to decide the best one for the face and for the skin type you have. You should avoid rushing through the whole collection and selecting something that is not ought to suit you. Our skin is a really sensitive organ that needs to be kept nurtured and smooth. You should also take care of any allergic reactions that you might suffer after applying certain beauty products. This article will reflect some points on the things to look for in a mens fairness cream. You should always take care of the ingredients that are being used to comprise the fairness cream. There are certain organic and mineral skin care productsthat you can consider for the cause. These would be free from the synthetic elements and you dont even have to worry about the side effects the artificial products might bring you. Prefer the quality of the brand you are selecting. Sometimes, the most famous brands might not work for the skin type you have and you might end up getting the condition worse. Choose the lighter products in order to make your skin fair and bright. You dont have to go with the products that exaggerate your skin too much. Your

skin needs freshness that you should provide on utmost basis. Consult a beautician before buying a cream so you can know well about the consistent good ones and you can differentiate the better ones according to your skin types. Perform a bit of research on the kinds before you make a decision. There are even some fairness pills that create rashes and acne on the skin. You might not want to end up having other skin issues instead of a younger, attractive and fairer skin. ARTICLE 2 E Best Fairness Cream A Skins Pride By: Albert Cain O - A fair complexion has always been associated with success and popularity. Men and women alike desire fairness; it is believed to be the key to a successful life. As most of the Indians are very much bothered about their colour complexion the fairness creams enjoy very good market growth rate when compared with other related product. There are number of fairness creams and other skin whitening products in the market such as peel-offs, serums, lotions etc.

ARTICLE 3 E Hi Handsome: The Dream Of Every Man By: pthomas O - The Hi Handsome TV Commercial has given every man an opportunity to dream of a fair complexion. Everyone wants to be as lucky as the boy not by sneaking into a girls hostel, but by applying the magical fairness cream. Men have started imagining themselves in place of the boy. Imagine walking on the road with ten girls around you and shouting out Hi Handsome! Aahh Its a dream come true.

Read

more: http:!!www.articlesnatch.com!topic! fairness+cream+for+men#ixzz10H8337u9

ARTICLE 4 E Should You Consider Lightening Your Skin? By: Bart Icles O - We all want to look our best, and many people would exert every possible effort in order to achieve the kind of appearance that theyve been aspiring to have. People buy tons of makeup and beauty products just to enhance their looks, get haircuts, have their hair colored, lose weight, and overhaul their wardrobe in order to make themselves over and feel like theyre entirely new people. ARTICLE 5 E Your Skin Is Asking For Some Thing By: krobinsonrikhavTgmail.com O - Skin is the reflector of what our habits are. Basically it is the mirror which expresses the inner state of body, our eating habits, sleeping slots, care taken for the body, all these says the story of the skin. A healthy skin is what everyone and especially women want to enjoy, but is every one enjoying the healthy state of the skin. So, the answer for this question is no, not everyone enjoys healthy and glowing skin.

ARTICLE 6 E Choose Best Health & Skin Care Products By: scott hardy O - Taking care of our health and well being are our primary objectives in this new world of health consciousness and awareness. Various health programs, weight loss pills, food supplements, antioxidant products are flooding the market today all claiming for good health and proper health care and hygiene.

Many manufacturers are joining the bandwagon and a lot of personal care and beauty products are available to suit a high level of demand from consumers.

ARTICLE 7 E Meladerm: The Very Fresh Marvel Of Skin Treatment By: Jennifer Lowdry O - Are you the particular type of particular person who is actually really aware by their own look? Or perhaps are you one of those people that do not really really feel at ease with the existence of a solitary black blemish or pimple damaged spot on their facial area? Quite a few utilizes skin whiteners in order to get free of this particular issue. However, along with the plenty of skin whiteners within the marketplace, which one particular must you select?

E Face Whitening Creams ARTICLE 8 By: Kelan Grady O - Extrapone Nutgrass is a good natural whitening ingredient that should be searched for. When it comes to skin whitening ingredients, there are a hefty lot of them in the market. However, Extrapone Nutgrass has been proven more effective in preventing excessive melanin production in a few short weeks thereby reducing and eliminating dark pigmentations and surface age spots. One example of a common skin lightening ingredient is hydroquinone.

E Skin Whitening With Bio Claire

ARTICLE 9 By: Bart Icles O - Wanting lighter or paler skin might sound unusual to people from countries in the Western world. However, in many other countries, skin whitening is practically a common process among many women, particularly those who are born with darker complexion or have dark spots or marks on their skin; those who have experienced sunburn or tanning, with their skin not returning to their original shade, also use skin whiteners. These are absolute musts in cultures and places where lighter skin is seen as a ...

ARTICLE 10 E Skin Whitening With Natural Way By: jony rich O - The fact is that this may be possible with a little dedication and research right. There are several homemade skin whitening products that can help you be more fair. Apply sunscreen before leaving home. It will protect your hard sunlight. It is advisable to wear sunglasses to protect your eyes and face of the pollutants. If youre looking to buy any skin lightening cream to black, try to get in touch with your friends. If any of them have the same skin type and used no ...

E Oily Skin: Its Skin Care Regime ARTICLE 11 By: Stone Keron O - Oily skin is definitely a cause for embarrassment when you go out for a party or a get-together.No makeup can withstand for a long time and you will start looking dull, boring and so unkempt. Skin care regime therefore becomes highly essential for all those who have oily skin. There are a whole lot of oily skin products that would help in overcoming

the woes of having such a slimy skin. No doubt, there is a belief that people who have such a skin do not appear to age quickly on the external face.

E Skin Protection Day Cream ARTICLE 12 By: Dr. bruswiliams O - Most of us wear a Skin Protection Day Cream for at least 8-10 hours a day 7 days a week. When you consider how many hours this adds up to, your day cream needs to contain beneficial ingredients that will deliver immediate visible results. I learned the truth about what my skin really needed and it was Hydration! Most anti- aging day creams and other anti-aging skin care products on the market today contain ingredients that are molecularly to large to be absorbed into the skins surfac ...

ARTICLE 13 E The Real Deal On Skin Care Devices By: Michi A. O - Women always want to look and feel beautiful thats why they are constantly seeking ways on how to maintain their skin. As we all know, having a perfect skin has always been equated to beauty. Blame it on the media and the standards that they have imposed on beauty. Using moisturizers, slathering anti aging and whitening creams, undergoing cosmetic procedures and getting skin injectables are among the popular ways that women do to beautify their skin. Using skin care devices is also another way ... ARTICLE 14 Article: Fairness creams target both genders, well, fairly.(Global Idea Network)(Brief article)

Eyline: Mythili Chandrasekar fairness creams are a large product category for women in India. Over the years, the promise of these creams has moved from you can find a husband to you can get a job. Progressive ads show women as having the upper hand in choosing partners, and the jobs the protagonists in the ads get have changed from air hostess (traditionally a modern profession) to cricket commentator.

ARTICLE 15 ALL IS FAIR IN THIS MARKET (Hindustan Lever Ltds Fair and Lovely is the market leader with a 53 percent share). Asia Africa Intelligence Wire O September 05, 2002 O (From India Business Insight) The Rs700-crore skin fairness products market is estimated to be growing at 10-15 percent per annum. Hindustan Lever Ltds Fair and Lovely is the market leader with a 53 percent share. CavinKares brand Fairever with about 12 percent market share stands second and Godrejs FairGlow third with 3.5 percent market share. Himalaya Drug Co recently forayed into this segment and expects to garner a 2 percent market share. The other players in the field are Emami with its Gold Turmeric and Naturally Fair and Revlon with its W

CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH DESIGN

Research can be defined to be search for knowledge or any systematic investigation to establish facts. The primary purpose for applied research (as opposed to basic research) is discovering, interpreting, and the development of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge on a wide variety of scientific matters of our world and the universe.

Research design can be thought of as the structure of research -- it is the glue that holds all of the elements in a research project together. We often describe a design using a concise notation that enables us to summarize a complex design structure efficiently. The research process consists of the following steps :

+ PROBLEM RECOGNITION AND DEFINITION + CREATING THE RESEARCH DESIGN + SAMPLING + DATA COLLECTION + DATA ANALYSIS + VALIDITY AND RELIABLILITY + SUMMARY

TITLE OF THE PROJECT REPORT A study on the consumer buying behaviour regarding different mens fairness creams in Bangalore.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study is done to determine the reason as to which 1) Some consumers are reluctant to buy fairness cream from the shelves 2) Younger consumers are ready to buy 3) Consumers choose a particular brand

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS The study is done to determine the reason as to which 1) There is an association between age and buying behaviour 2) There is an association between experience and buying behaviour 3) There is association between awareness and buying behaviour SCOPE OF THE PROJECT The study intends to cover the promotional activities done by the various fairness cream brands to motivate buying behaviour of their consumers. It will help understand the reason for the variation in the buying behaviour in the consumers It will help understand the reason as to why young consumers prefer the product It will help us understand about the leading brand in this area

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To examine the different strategies used by the cosmetic companies. 2. To study the recent trends. 3. To evaluate the performance of the consumers to buy the product 4. To understand the basic psychology principles used. 5. To understand their impact or effect of the product on the consumers.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUES Random sampling Simple random sample: - a subset of individuals (a sample) chosen from a larger set (a population). Each individual is chosen randomly and entirely by chance An unbiased random selection of individuals is important so that in the long run, the sample represents the population. However, this does not guarantee that a particular sample is a perfect representation of the population. Simple random sampling merely allows one to draw externally valid conclusions about the entire population based on the sample. The sample size here is 50

Sampling is that part of statistical practice concerned with the selection of individual observations intended to yield some knowledge about a population of concern, especially for the purposes of statistical inference. Researchers rarely survey the entire population for two reasons: (1) The cost is too high and (2) The population is dynamic, i.e., the component of population could change over time. There are three main advantages of sampling: (1) The cost is lower, (2) Data collection is faster, and (3) It is possible to ensure homogeneity and to improve the accuracy and quality of the data because the data set is smaller. Each observation measures one or more properties (weight, location, etc.) of an observable entity enumerated to distinguish objects or individuals. Survey weights often need to be applied to the data to adjust for the sample design. Results from probability theory and statistical theory are employed to guide practice. In business, sampling is widely used for gathering information about a population. Process The sampling process comprises several stages: Y Defining the population of concern Y Specifying a sampling frame, a set of items or events possible to measure Y Specifying a sampling method for selecting items or events from the frame Y Determining the sample size Y Implementing the sampling plan Y Sampling and data collecting

Y Reviewing the sampling process Simple random sampling In a simple random sample (SRS) of a given size, all such subsets of the frame are given an equal probability. Each element of the frame thus has an equal probability of selection: the frame is not subdivided or partitioned. Furthermore, any given pair of elements has the same chance of selection as any other such pair (and similarly for triples, and so on). This minimises bias and simplifies analysis of results. In particular, the variance between individual results within the sample is a good indicator of variance in the overall population, which makes it relatively easy to estimate the accuracy of results. However, SRS can be vulnerable to sampling error because the randomness of the selection may result in a sample that doesnt reflect the makeup of the population. For instance, a simple random sample of ten people from a given country will on average produce five men and five women, but any given trial is likely to over represent one sex and under represent the other. Systematic and stratified techniques, discussed below, attempt to overcome this problem by using information about the population to choose a more representative sample. SRS may also be cumbersome and tedious when sampling from an unusually large target population.

SAMPLE SIZE People from the age of 16- 50 Type of research Applied research

It is use of basic research or past theories, knowledge and methods for solving an existing problem. It deals with practical problems. It is opposed to pure research which is not problem- oriented but for the increase in knowledge which may or may not be used in future. DATA COLLECTION a. Primary Data: Primary data has been collected using questionnaire and interviews. b. Secondary data: Secondary data has been obtained from the internet. In primary data collection, you collect the data yourself using methods such as interviews and questionnaires. The key point here is that the data you collect is unique to you and your research and, until you publish, no one else has access to it. There are many methods of collecting primary data and the main methods that have been used in this research include: Y questionnaires Y interviews

Secondary data is data collected by someone other than the user. Common sources of secondary data for social science include censuses, surveys, organizational records and data collected through qualitative methodologies or qualitative research. Primary data, by contrast, are collected by the investigator conducting the research. Secondary data analysis saves time that would otherwise be spent collecting data and, particularly in the case of quantitative data, provides larger and higher-quality databases than would be unfeasible for any individual researcher to collect on their own. In addition to that, analysts of social and economic change consider secondary data essential, since it is impossible to

conduct a new survey that can adequately capture past change and!or developments. DATA ANALYSIS Interpretation of data and its analysis using statistical methods and graphs. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY Not much information was revealed by the companies, as the executive personnel wanted to keep certain information secret. The time to complete the project is too little. The area covered under the study is vast.

FINDINGS The conclusion or answers done on this topic can only be determined after the actual study is done and interpretation of the data collected is completed

Suggestion I felt that the following suggestions would be considered before buying a fairness cream 1) If the promises made by the product are true 2) More promotional activities must be conducted

CONCLUSION The research project will help us understand the human psychology and their reason to choose one product or a brand from the other. It also helps us understand how the different marketing strategies help the consumer choose the best product

RESPONDENTS PROFILE

Fifty respondents were asked to fill up questionnaires. The Respondent population was as follows: + Youth ( between 16 and 30) 30 + Older population (between 31-50) - 20

The Respondents were limited to Bangalore.

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION The process of the collection, organization, and interpretation of numerical data, especially the analysis of population characteristics by inference from sampling is known as Data Analysis and Interpretation. Scientific data collection involves more care than you might use in a casual glance at the thermometer to see what you should wear. Because scientists

build on their own work and the work of others, it is important that they are systematic and consistent in their data collection methods and make detailed records so that others can see and use the data they collect. But collecting data is only one step in a scientific investigation, and scientific knowledge is much more than a simple compilation of data points. The world is full of observations that can be made, but not every observation constitutes a useful piece of data. For example, your meteorologist could record the outside air temperature every second of the day, but would that make the forecast any more accurate than recording it once an hour? Probably not. All scientists make choices about which data are most relevant to their research and what to do with that data: how to turn a collection of measurements into a useful dataset through processing and analysis, and how to interpret those analyzed data in the context of what they already know. The thoughtful and systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data allow it to be developed into evidence that supports scientific ideas, arguments, and hypotheses.

Following is the graphical representation and interpretation of the surve conducted with the help of a Questionnaire. RESULTS OF THE SURVEY

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research methodology is a way to systematically represent a research on any problem. It tends taken by the researcher in studying the research problem along with the logic behind them. It tends to define the methodology for the solution of the problem that has been undertaken for the purpose of the study. This chapter focuses on the methodology of the techniques used for the collection, classification and tabulation of data. It also throws light are the research problem, the objective of the study, its limitations of the hypothesis that have been evolved for the study. The latter part of the chapter explains the manner in which the data its collected, classified tabulated and analysis so as to reach to conclusive results. THE PROJECT The topic undertake is "To Study the Consumer Buying Behavior towards Fairness Creams in _________ region." Keeping in view the fairness creams market which is very crowded and becoming competitive day by day, we decided to study the current scenario of the market.

DATA COLLECTION

The following techniques were adopted for data collection : 1. PRIMARY DATA Primary data collected through face to face interviews while filling up questionnaires.150 RESPONDENTS from KARACHI City. 2. SECONDARY DATA Relevant information gathered from magazines, newspapers and project reports that formed the secondary data. 3. COMMUNICATION APPROACH Face to face interviews taken as the communication approach since it is a better method in cases where slight probing is required.

Objective of the project:

To study the market especially in context with females.- To analyze the market of the fairness creams in India. As first of all concept of fairness cream was introduce especially for the ladies basically, it is a impact of socio-cultural environment as preference is given to a fair bride. To find out that is market of fairness cream is limited to females/teenagers in the country or it has an ability to expend. Now in India fairness creams for men are also available in the market. To find in which segment the market is wide survey was done. To study the factors influencing brand preference for fairness creams.-Firms marketing effort. -Socio-cultural environment. -Psychological field. To study the business environment factor affecting the product category. General environment. -Socio-cultural environment. -Legal environment. -Technological environment. Specific environment -Customers -Competitors -Marketing intermediaries To find out the brand preference for fairness creams.

APPLICATIONS OF FAIRNESS CREAMS

1. Fairness creams improves skin texture and enhance skin's natural tone and give it a beautiful glow. 2. Fairness creams gives soft and silky feeling to the skin 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Fairness creams gives protection from Ultra Violet rays. Fairness creams reduces inflammation. Fairness creams are suitable for anti-aging. Fairness creams clear dark spots. Fairness creams nourish the skin and reduces pigmentation. Fairness creams reduces dull and uneven complexion.

UNIQUE 4 POWER FAIRNESS SYSTEM OF FAIRNESS CREAMS Sunguard: Revolutionary double power sun guards counter over exposure of skin to sun and protect it from harmful UV Rays. Anti- Bacplus : Breakthrough anti-bacterial agents actively protect skin against pollution and dark shadows caused by nicks and cuts. Stress Buster : Sensational nutria complex relieves stress and fatigue signs. Remove dead cells and rejuvenate skin. Herbocool: A unique combination of refreshingly cool herbs like Vetiver, Mint,Liquorice, make skin fair and fresh with a pleasant cooling sensation.