Farzad Fanouspour

Final Report

Acknowledgement
First and foremost, I would like to respectfully thank my supervisor Dr. Reza Mokhtarzadeh
for his encouragement, patience, guidance and excellent support throughout my Major
Individual Project. He also thought me a great deal from his experience in modelling a real
world problem in numerical softwares like FLUENT.
I would also like to express my appreciation to Kenneth Ansist and Kevin Robinson who
were in charge of the supersonic and aerodynamic laboratories and guided me through the
experimental part of my project
Last but not least, I would like to thank my parents for their support and encouragement
throughout my course at Brunel University.

Farzad Fanouspour

Final Report

Nomenclature
Symbol

Description

Unit

Mach number

Pressure

Density
Temperature
Area

Ratio of specific heats

Velocity

Stagnation point heat transfer

Radios of the leading edge

Wedge angle

Degree

Oblique shock angle

Degree

Mean velocity in x-direction

Mean velocity in y-direction

Specific heat capacity

Heat conductivity

Leading edge shock angle

Degree

Expansion wave angle

Degree

Trailing edge shock angle

Degree

ii

Farzad Fanouspour

Final Report

List of Figures

Figure 1 converging-diverging nozzle ................................................................................... 4

Figure 2 Detached shock wave

Figure 3 Attached shock wave .................... 6

Figure 4 Schematic of two mirror Schileren system ............................................................... 7

Figure 5 Schematic of supersonic channel airfoil ................................................................... 9
Figure 6 Schematic of symmetric supersonic airfoil and shock wave formation ................... 11
Figure 7 Schematic of the wind tunnel................................................................................. 12
Figure 8 Interchangeable liners............................................................................................ 13
Figure 9 Wind tunnels test section ....................................................................................... 14
Figure 10 Image of the wind tunnel ..................................................................................... 14
Figure 11 Multi-tube mercury manometer ........................................................................... 15
Figure 12 Schematic of the airfoil........................................................................................ 16
Figure 13 CFD simulation procedure .................................................................................. 18
Figure 14 Detailed grid structure ......................................................................................... 20
Figure 15 Completed flow domain divided into sections...................................................... 21
Figure 16 Residuals plot at M=1.4

Figure 17 Residuals plot at M=1.8.................... 23

Figure 18 Static pressure Vs number of cells ....................................................................... 24

Figure 19 Leading edge shock angle Vs Mach number ........................................................ 25
Figure 20 Image of the flow field at M=1.4 ......................................................................... 27
Figure 21 Image of the flow field at M=1.8 ......................................................................... 27
Figure 22 Schematic of shock angle measurements ............................................................. 28
Figure 23 Contours of static pressure at M=1.4.................................................................... 31
Figure 24 Contours of static pressure at M=1.8.................................................................... 32
Figure 25 Enlarged contours of static pressure at M=1.4...................................................... 32
Figure 26 Contours of density at M=1.4 .............................................................................. 33
Figure 27 Contours of density at M=1.8 .............................................................................. 34
Figure 28 Contours of Mach number at M=1.4 .................................................................... 35
Figure 29 Contours of Mach number at M=1.8 .................................................................... 35
Figure 30 Contours of static temperature at M=1.4 .............................................................. 37
Figure 31 Contours of static temperature at M=1.8 .............................................................. 37
Figure 32 Velocity vectors coloured by Mach number at M=1.4.......................................... 38
Figure 33 Velocity vectors coloured by Mach number at M=1.4.......................................... 39
Figure 34 Velocity vectors coloured by Mach number at M=1.8.......................................... 39
iii

Farzad Fanouspour

Final Report

Figure 35 Velocity vectors coloured by Mach number at M=1.8.......................................... 40

Figure 36 Contours of density adaption function at M=1.4 .................................................. 41
Figure 37 Contours of density adaption function at M=1.8 .................................................. 41
Figure 38 Shock angle Vs Mach number ............................................................................. 43
Figure 39 Maximum static pressure Vs Mach number ......................................................... 44
Figure 40 Maximum temperature Vs Mach number ............................................................. 44
Figure 41 Maximum density Vs Mach number .................................................................... 45
Figure 42 The line AB across the shock waves .................................................................... 45
Figure 43 Static pressure Vs distance from the leading edge ................................................ 46
Figure 44 Temperature Vs distance from the leading edge................................................... 47
Figure 45 Density Vs distance from the leading edge .......................................................... 47

List of Tables

Table 1 Prediction of flow properties after the oblique shock wave ..................................... 12
Table 2 Grid details and flow domain dimensions ............................................................... 21
Table 3 Results of experimental measurements of shock angles........................................... 29
Table 4 Results of experimental measurements of the static pressure ................................... 29
Table 5 CFD shock angles and flow property measurements ............................................... 42
Table 6 Obtained numerical and experimental results .......................................................... 48

iv