Amari ASTM Pipe

ASTM Pipe Specifications
Section 2 ASTM Pipe Specifications

This Section summarises the requirements of selected ASTM standards for stainless steel pipe. ASTM Standards covered in this Section
A 530/A 530M - 96 ASTM Pipe - General Requirements General Requirements for Specialised Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe (Incorporated within the ASTM Pipe General Requirements subsection) Mechanical Testing of Steel Products (Incorporated within the ASTM Pipe General Requirements subsection)
Page
2-2 2-2
A 370 - 96
2-5
A 312/A 312M - 95a Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes A 358/A 358M - 95a Electric-Fusion-Welded Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Alloy Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service A 376/A 376M - 96 Seamless Austenitic Steel Pipe for High Temperature Central-Station Service
2-7 2-12
2-16 2-20
A 409/A 409M - 95a Welded Large Diameter Austenitic Steel Pipe for Corrosive or High-Temperature Service A 731/A 731M - 91 A 790/A 790M - 95 A 813/A 813M - 95 A 814/A 814M - 96 A 928/A 928M - 94 Seamless and Welded, Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steel Pipe Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steel Pipe Single- or Double-Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe Cold-Worked Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steel Pipe Electro Fusion Welded with Addition of Filler Metal Spray-Formed Seamless Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe Spray-Formed Seamless Ferritic/ Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steel Pipe
2-24 2-27 2-30 2-34 2-36
A 943/A 943M - 95 A 949/A 949M - 95
2-39 2-43
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ASTM Pipe - General Requirements

This pipe general requirements subsection covers summary information and general (common) requirements data extracted from relevant ASTM standards. Specific ASTM pipe standards are expanded on pages 2-7 to 2-44. For pipe sizes see pages 5-3 to 5-6.
Specifications
Refer to page 2-1, for a list of the ASTM stainless steel pipe standards available and covered in this Section.
Applications and General Coverage

Summary of applications and features identified in ASTM pipe standards Application or A 312 A 358 A 376 A 409 A 731 A 790 A 813 A 814 A 8721 A 928 A 943 A 949 Feature General corrosion resistance and high temperature service Resistance to stress corrosion cracking Suitability for bending, flanging, other forming2 Large diameter, light walled pipe Centrifugally cast Spray formed
Notes A tick in the table indicates that the standard specifically identifies (but is not necessarily restricted to) the application or feature listed. Other features are covered in further summary tables on the following pages. 1 No details of A 872, Centrifugally Cast Duplex Stainless Steel Pipe are contained in this manual. 2 All pipes are suitable, but A 814 specifically identifies this feature.
Dimensions and Tolerances
Units of Measure. American pipe standards use both imperial and metric (SI) units of measurement. It is important not to combine the use of these units since rounding of dimensions has resulted in an incompatibility between some values. Dimensions. Standard dimensions for stainless steel pipe are provided by ANSI/ASME B36.19 (page 5-3) and ANSI/ASME B36.10 (pages 5-4 to 5-6) for sizes not covered by B36.19. These define outside diameters, nominal wall thicknesses, schedule numbers and weights per unit length. Non-standard pipe sizes are allowable in the ASTM pipe standards, provided they also conform to the defined tolerance requirements. Tolerances. The basic permissible variations, including pipe length and straightness requirements, are defined in ASTM A 530/A 530M, this standard being referenced by all ASTM pipe standards applicable to stainless steel. These variations may be subject to qualification by individual ASTM pipe standards, which may also only be applicable to (although not restricted to) pipes of certain dimensions. A guide is provided in the following tables.
Summary of dimensioning and tolerance aspects of ASTM pipe standards A312 A358 Pipe sizes
1
A 376
A 409
A 731 A790 A 813 A 814 A 872 A 928 A 943 A 949

All Std Std All Std Std All Std Specd <NPS 4 Std Specd All Std Specd All Std2 Std All Std Std All Std Std
All Std Std
All Std Specd
Cut lengths Tolerances
>NPS 8 NSP 14-30, light wall Std Specd2 Std Specd
Notes 1 Pipe sizes normally furnished to the specification, within manufacturing restrictions. 2 Circumferential welding specified as acceptable. Specd = Specified in the ASTM pipe standard. Std = Standard, ie. general requirements of ASTM A 530/A 530M apply.
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Standard cross-section and weight tolerances (ASTM A 530/A 530M) Outside Diameter (OD)1 NPS to 11/2 1/2 to 4 >1 >4 to 8 >8 to 12 >12 to 18 >18 to 26 >26 to 34 >34 to 48
1/2
Wall Thickness(t)2 Under mm 0.4 0.8 1.6 2.4 2.4 3.2 4.0 4.8 % 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 Over % -
Weight3 Under % 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 5 5 5 Over % 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Under in 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 mm 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
Over in 0.015 0.031 0.062 0.093 0.093 0.125 0.156 0.187
Ovality4 t< 3%OD % 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Notes 1 Includes ovality tolerance except for thin wall pipe (i.e. t>3% OD). 2 Min wall thickness = Nominal wall thickness (t) x 0.875. Not applicable if filler metal added. 3 Refer to pages 5-3 to 5-6 for standard pipe weights. For non standard pipes W(lb/ft) = 10.68(OD-t)t, or W (kg/m) = 0.02466(OD-t) t 4 Ovality = Difference between maximum and minimum OD. For t>3% OD, ovality is within OD tolerances.
Standard Cut Lengths Pipe ordering alternatives are: - Random. Standard lengths are in the range 15 to 24 feet. Shorter lengths as agreed with the purchaser. - Specified Lengths. Cut lengths as specified, with end finish also specified.
Length tolerances. No pipe shall be shorter than specified. No pipe shall be more than 1/4 in (6 mm) longer than specified. Tighter tolerances may be specified, e.g. for bevelled pipe. Straightness. All finished pipe shall be reasonably straight. For metal-arc welded pipe maximum deviation from straight = 1/8 in (3.2 mm) in 10 ft (3 m).
Manufacture
Summary of materials covered by ASTM pipe standards A 312 A 358 A 376 A 409 A 731 A790 A 813 A 814 A 872 A 928 A 943 A 949 Austenitic Ferritic Martensitic Duplex
Materials. Materials used for the manufacture of stainless steel pipe are specified in the individual ASTM pipe standards. These are summarised in the table above (refer to page 1-10 for a detailed breakdown of grades applicable to each ASTM). Manufacturing Processes. A summary of ASTM pipe manufacturing processes is provided in the table following. Heat Treatments. Heat treatments are specified in each ASTM pipe standard. There are no general requirements. Retreatment (up to two times without purchaser agreement) is possible. Test Reports. A certified test report (specified in ASTM A 530/A 530M) is required to certify that the pipe has been manufactured, sampled, tested and inspected in accordance with the specification. It shall include the following:
Manufacturer and date Specification and year date Purchaser requirements (optional and supplementary requirements) Heat number and analysis Tensile properties Test methods and results Tests not completed Pipe Marking. Each pipe is marked in paint or ink, or must be tagged if under 3 ft (1 m) in length. Minimum marking requirements are: manufacturers name or brand, specification number (not year), and grade. Bar coding is acceptable. Further marking requirements are specified in individual ASTM pipe standards.
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Summary of manufacturing processes covered by ASTM pipe standards Seamless Welded Electric-fusion welded Filler metal used Weld classes6 Hot/cold finished Cast4 Spray-formed Final heat5 treatment Either A 312 A 358 A 376 A 409 A 731 A790 A 813 A 814 A 872 A 928 A 943 A 949 (auto) No 2 1-53 Either Either 1 No No No SW, DW No SW, DW Cold 4 HT HT or HT or HT or HT-O HT-O HT-O HT HT HT or HT-O HT HT HT or HT-O HT HT 1 1-53 NF Cold7 Cold7
Notes 1 Filler metal specifications are not covered in this manual. 2 Filler metal same grade as used for pipe. 3 See specification details, page 2-36. 4 Centrifugally cast pipe (standard ASTM A 872/A 872M) is not covered in this manual. 5 HT = Heat treated, HT-O = No final heat treatment 6 SW = Single Weld, DW = Double Weld 7 As sprayed or as-sprayed and cold worked.
Finish and Repair

Summary of finish and repair requirements covered by ASTM pipe standardV A 312 A 358 A 376 A 409 A 731 A 790 A 813 A 814 A 872 A 928 A 943 A 949 Defect1 removal Scale2 removal Passivation Wspa, Wspa, Wspa, M, G M, G M, G BA or BA or BA or BA or P,B, P,B, P,B, P,B, SF SF SF SF NS spr spr spr W,G G NS NS Wspa, Wspa, Wspa, Wspa, G G G G G BA or BA or BA or BA or BA or P,B, P,B, NS P P P SF SF NS NS NS NS spr spr G
2 Scale removal alternatives BA = Bright Annealed P = Pickling B = Blasting SF = Surface finishing
G BA or P,B, SF spr
Notes NS = Not Specified spa/spr = subject to purchaser approval/request 1 Defect removal G = grinding M = Machining W = Welding
Finishes. A workmanlike finish is required for all pipes. Defects. Defects may be removed, as permitted in individual ASTM pipe standards, by the following methods: Grinding or machining, provided that the wall thickness is not reduced below the minimum. Welding, as agreed by the purchaser.
Scale and Contaminating Particles. Scale and contaminating particles may be removed, as permitted in individual ASTM pipe standards, by the following methods: Bright annealing (other treatments are not mandatory if bright annealed) Pickling Blasting with sand or iron particles Specified surface finishing Passivation. Passivation may sometimes be requested.
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Mandatory Testing
Summary of mandatory tests as specified by ASTM pipe standards A 312 A 358 A 376 A 409 A 731 A 790 A 813 A 814 A 872 A 928 A 943 A 949 Heat analysis S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 Product analysis1 Tension test1 Flattening test Hydrostatic test Hydrostatic test or NDT2 Transverse guided - bend weld test1 Radiographic examination
1
S2 S3
S2
S2 S3
S2 S3
S2 S3
S2 S3
S2 S3 S5, S6
S2 S2 S6
S2
S2 S3
S2 S3
S2
Notes 1 Supplementary requirement (S1, S2, etc) specifies testing in excess of the mandatory requirement. For a full summary of supplementary requirements see page 2-6. 2 Non destructive test (eddy current or ultrasonic test) is specified as acceptable in place of hydrostatic test.
Introduction. Each ASTM pipe standard specifies the mandatory and optional or supplementary test requirements. These tests may be subdivided into those that are performed on a test specimen and those that are performed on the whole pipe. (Refer to page 10-5 for a general description of test methods used for stainless steel products.) Test specimens. Test specimens suitable for a test to be performed are taken from the end of finished pipe prior to being cut or formed, or in accordance with individual ASTM pipe standard requirements. Product Analysis. Product analysis of a test specimen shows the chemical composition of the finished pipe. This may vary from that obtained from the heat analysis made by the steel manufacturer. ASTM pipe standard chemical composition tables (reproduced in this manual) show the amount of each component element as a range or maximum percentage value. Methods of chemical analysis are described in ASTM A 751 (not reproduced in this manual). Mechanical Testing Methods used for the mandatory testing of pipes are defined in ASTM A 530 and A 370. A summary of requirements follows. Tension Test. Performed on suitable test specimen at room temperature. Yield strength corresponds to a permanent offset of 0.2% of the gauge length or to a total extension of 0.5% of the gauge length under load. If elongation >0.75 in (19.0 mm) from the centre of the gauge length, retest is allowed.
Flattening Test. Flattening between two parallel plates is performed on a section of pipe >2.5 in (63 mm) long for seamless pipe or >4 in (100 mm) long for welded pipe. The weld is placed 90 from direction of applied force (at point of maximum bending). First step is a test for ductility - no cracks or breaks shall occur (unless OD:t ratio is less than 10, when cracks at 6 or 12 oclock are allowed). Distance between plates H for the first step is as follows: H = (1 + e)t e + t/OD where e = 0.08 for ferritic steel = 0.09 for austenitic steel or low carbon steel (i.e. C = 0.18% max) t = Average wall thickness (in or mm) OD = Outside diameter (in or mm) Second step is a test for soundness in which flattening continues until specimen breaks or until pipe walls meet - there shall be no evidence of laminated or unsound material. Hydrostatic Tests. Pipes are tested for at least 5 seconds to minimum hydrostatic pressure P as follows: P (psi or MPa) = 2St/OD where S = pipe wall stress (psi or MPa) t = Average wall thickness (in or mm) OD = Outside diameter (in or mm) The calculated Pressure, P, is rounded to nearest 50 psi (0.5 MPa) if below 1000 psi (7 MPa), or to the nearest 100 psi (1 MPa) if above 1000 psi (7 MPa). The following pressures need not be exceeded unless specified in the order.
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Hydrostatic Test Pressures (ASTM A 530/A 530M) Outside Diameter (OD) in mm <3.5 <88.9 >3.5 >88.9 Hydrostatic Test Pressure psi MPa 2500 17 2800 19 allowable imperfections. Rejected pipes may be repaired within specified parameters and retested. ASTM A 450/A 450M provides further NDT test requirement details. Other Tests include: - Metal Structure Etching Tests - Intergranular Corrosion Tests - Flange Test Retesting and Retreatment are required for
Nondestructive Examination. Types of nondestructive testing (NDT) include eddy current testing, ultrasonic testing and flux leakage testing. Pipes are tested against a calibration standard which can include one of a number of defined discontinuities. Pipes producing a test signal equal to or greater than the calibration standard are designated as suspect. These pipes may be immediately rejected, or visually inspected for
Optional and Supplementary Requirements
Each ASTM pipe standard identifies optional and supplementary requirements. These usually provide for additional testing and are identified on the test certificate.
The following table summarises the supplementary requirements listed in the ASTM pipe standards.
Summary of ASTM pipe standard supplementary requirements A 312 A 358 A 376 A 409 A 731 A790 A 813 A 814 A 872 A 928 A 943 A 949 Product analysis S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 Transverse tension S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S1 S2 S2 tests Tension & Bend tests S2 S2 Ultrasonic tests S6 S6 S6 Hydrostatic test S6 Nondestructive S5 S5 S5 electric test Flattening tests S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S2 S3 S3 Flange test S8 Etching tests S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S3 S4 S4 Radiographic exam. S5 S2 S7 S4 Intergranular S7 S6 S10 S6 S6 S6 corrosion test Corrosion S3 S8 S7 requirements Photomicrographs S5 Penetrant oil and S3 S3 powder examination Liquid penetrant exam S5 Ferrite control in weld S4 S4 S4 deposits High ductile test for S7 weldability Retests S8 Stabilising heat S6 S5 S9 S5 S5 treatment Minimum wall pipe S8 S7
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ASTM A 312/A 312M - 95a

Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes
This specification covers austenitic steel pipe intended for high temperature and general corrosive service. H grades in the chemical composition table are specifically for high temperature service.
Dimensions. All standard pipe sizes and wall thicknesses may be specified, subject to manufacturing limitations. Minimum wall thickness pipe is also covered as a supplementary requirement.
Tolerances. ASTM pipe general requirements, page 2-2, apply.
Manufacture

Materials. Refer to chemical composition table. Manufacture. In order to comply with this specification the pipe must be manufactured by an automatic welding process using no filler metal, or it must be a seamless pipe. If a welded pipe has a nominal pipe size greater than 14 then it may be constructed from two longitudinal sections, and hence have two longitudinal welds. The pipe may be either hot finished or cold finished.
Heat treatment. Refer to heat treatment table and supplementary requirement S6. Marking on each length of pipe: Manufacturers make or brand, specification number, WR if weld repaired, NPS and schedule, NH if no hydrotesting performed, ET if eddy-current tested, UT if ultrasonic tested. (NPS = Nominal Pipe Size.)
Finish and Repair
Finish. The surface of the pipe must be clean and free of scale and contaminating iron particles. It can be bright annealed but may be pickled, blasted or can be passivated.
Repair by welding. Permitted on <20% of the weld seam length of welded pipe if >NPS 6 and having a wall thickness >0.200 in (mm). Tungsten-arc welding process is used for repairs, with filler metal to a grade as specified in A 312 (not repeated here). Weld repairs must be identified on the pipe and in test certificate.
Mandatory Testing

Transverse or Longitudinal Tension Test. One test made on a specimen for lots of less than 100 pipes. Two tests made for greater lots. Flattening Test. 5% of pipe will be treated and at least 2 pipes from heat treated lot. For welded pipe, transverse guided face bend test may be conducted in place of flattening test. Grain Size Examination. The following grades will be subjected to grain size determinations, with 5% of the pipe being examined: TP309H, TP309HCb, TP310H, TP310HCb - grain size No 6 or coarser, UNS S32615 - grain size No 3 or finer.
Hydrostatic Test. Each pipe will be tested unless the pipe exceeds NPS 10 and the purchaser has agreed, or has agreed to alternative Nondestructive testing. Nondestructive Examination. All processing must be completed before testing. Either Ultrasonic (Practice E 213) or Eddy Current (Practice E 426) testing may be used, or both. The operator must be qualified. A reference standard must be employed to regularly calibrate the testing equipment. Guidance regarding the reference standards, detailed in A 312, is not included in this summary.
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A 312
Ordering Information
Item Specification number Size Quantity Name of material Process Grade End finish Test report Options and supplementary requirements ASTM A 312/A 312M-95a Nominal pipe size or outside diameter. Schedule or average wall thickness. Random or specified lengths. Total length or number of lengths. Austenitic stainless steel pipe Seamless or welded Selected from chemical composition table Plain ends with all burrs removed is ASTM requirement. Bevelled, or other end finishes can be specified. DIN 50049.3.1.B standard, or DIN 50049.3.1.C optional (3rd party witness test) at extra cost Refer to optional and supplementary requirements S1 to S8 Notes
Note The above table is based on ASTM requirements except with regard to alternative end finishes and test reports, where standard practice options are added. See also page 10-2 for ISO based ordering and general delivery information.

Chemical analysis of one billet or one length of flat rolled stock from each heat may be performed if required by purchaser. Hydrostatic, eddy-current or ultrasonic testing. Discontinuities. The type, size, location, orientation, of discontinuities that are of interest during NDT may be specified. Hot or cold finishing. Passivating treatment may be requested. Surface Finish. Bright annealed or other surface finish. Pipe Marking. The weight may be requested for pipe >NPS4. S1 Flattening Test. A flattening test will be made on a specimen from one or both ends of each pipe. The number of tests per pipe needs to be specified. S1 Etching Tests. Etching tests show the homogeneity of pipes and are made on a cross section from one or both ends of a pipe. S1 Radiographic Examination. The entire length of weld will be examined for any double welded pipe. In addition the pipe will be marked RT and the test results included in the certification. S1 Stabilising Heat Treatment. The solution annealed grades TP309HCb, TP310HCb, TP321, TP321H, TP347, TP347H, TP348 and TP348H will be given a stabilisation heat treatment. Temperature will be as agreed between purchaser and vendor. S1 Intergranular Corrosion Test. This test in accordance with Practices A 262 Practice E. S1 Minimum Wall Pipe. A minimum wall thickness may be specified, in which case the wall thickness may not be below the thickness specified. Such pipe will be marked S8.
S1 Product Analysis. NPS 5 and larger one analysis for each ten lengths from each heat of steel. NPS smaller than 5 then only 10% need be tested. S1 Tranverse Tension Tests. NPS 8 and larger can have one transverse tension test on 10% of lengths per he at of steel.
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Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes Tensile Requirements
Grade All TP304L TP304N TP316L TP316N TP321 TP321H TPXM-10 TPXM-11 TPXM-19 TPXM-29 UNS All S30403 S30451 S31272 S31603 S31651 S32100 S32109 S21900 S21904 S20910 S24000 S31254 S30615 S30815 S31050 S30600 S31726 S32615 S33228 S24565 S30415 S32654 S35315 N08367 N08904 Tensile Strength min ksi MPa 75 515 70 485 80 550 65 450 70 485 80 550 75(701) 515(4851) 75(701) 515(4851) 90 620 90 620 100 690 100 690 94 650 90 620 87 600 84(782) 580(5402) 78 540 80 550 80 550 73 500 115 795 87 600 109 750 94 650 100(953) 690(6553) 71 490 Yield Strength min ksi MPa 30 205 25 170 35 240 29 200 25 170 35 240 30(251) 205(1701) 30(251) 205(1701) 50 345 50 345 55 380 55 380 44 300 40 275 45 310 39(372) 270(2552) 35 240 35 240 32 220 27 185 60 415 42 290 62 430 39 270 45(453) 310(3103) 31 215 Elongation in 2 in (50 mm) or 4D min Longit % Trans % 35 25 35 25 35 25 35 25 35 25 35 25 35 25 35 25 35 25 35 25 35 25 35 25 35 25 35 25 35 25 25 35 25 35 25 25 35 25 35 25 35 25 35 25 35 25 30 35 25
A 312
Notes All = All grades listed in the chemical composition table other than those itemised in this table. 1 Values for wall thickness >3/8 in (9.5 mm) 2 Values for wall thickness >1/4 in (6.35 mm) 3 Values for wall thickness >0.187 in (4.75 mm)
Heat Treatment
Grade All TP304H TP316H TP321H TP347H TP348H UNS All S30409 S31609 S32109 S34709 S34809 S30815 S31272 S31254 S24565 S32654 S35315 N08367 N08904 Temperature Temperature Treatment F C 1900 1040 Minimum solution temperature. Quench1 1900(1900) 1040(1040) Minimum solution temp for cold (hot) working. Quench1 1900(1900) 1040(1040) Minimum solution temp for cold (hot) working. Quench1 2000(1925) 1090(1050) Minimum solution temp for cold (hot) working. Quench1 2000(1925) 1090(1050) Minimum solution temp for cold (hot) working. Quench1 2000(1925) 1090(1050) Minimum solution temp for cold (hot) working. Quench1 1920 1050 Minimum solution temperature. Quench 1,2 1920 1050 Minimum solution temperature. Quench 1 2100 1150 Minimum solution temperature. Quench1 2050-2140 1121-1170 Solution temperature range. Quench1 2100 1150 Minimum solution temperature. Quench1 2010 1100 Minimum solution temperature. Quench1 2025 1100 Minimum solution temperature. Quench1 2000 1100 Minimum solution temperature. Quench1
Notes All = All grades listed in the chemical composition table other than those itemised in this table. 1 Quench in water or rapid cool by other means 2 Pipe marking to include heat number and heat-treatment lot number
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A 312
Grade TP304 TP304H TP304L TP304N TP304LN TP309Cb TP309H TP309HCb TP309S TP310Cb TP310H TP310HCb TP310S TP316 TP316H TP316L TP316N TP316LN TP317 TP317L TP321 TP321H TP347 TP347H TP348 TP348H TPXM-10 TPXM-11 TPXM-15 TPXM-19 TPXM-29
Chemical Composition
UNS S30400 S30409 S30403 S30451 S30453 S30940 S30909 S30941 S30908 S31040 S31009 S31041 S31008 S31272 S31600 S31609 S31603 S31651 S31653 S31700 S31703 S32100 S32109 S34700 S34709 S34800 S34809 S21900 S21904 S38100 S20910 S24000 S31254 S30615 S30815 S31050 S30600 S31725 S31726 S32615 S33228 S24565 S30415 S32654 Composition Percentage, max or range C Mn 0.08 2.00 0.04-0.10 2.00 0.035 2.00 0.08 2.00 0.035 2.00 0.08 2.00 0.04-0.10 2.00 0.04-0.10 2.00 0.08 2.00 0.08 2.00 0.04-0.10 2.00 0.04-0.10 2.00 0.080 2.00 0.08-0.12 1.5-2.0 0.08 2.00 0.04-0.10 2.00 0.035 2.00 0.08 2.00 0.035 2.00 0.08 2.00 0.035 2.00 0.08 2.00 0.04-0.10 2.00 0.08 2.00 0.04-0.10 2.00 0.08 2.00 0.04-0.10 2.00 0.08 8.0-10.0 0.04 8.0-10.0 0.08 2.00 0.060 4.0-6.0 0.080 11.5-14.5 0.020 1.00 0.16-0.24 2.00 0.05-0.10 0.80 0.025 2.00 0.018 2.00 0.03 2.00 0.03 2.00 0.07 2.00 0.04-0.08 1.00 0.03 5.0-7.0 0.04-0.06 0.80 0.020 2.00-4.00
Carbon Manganese Phosphorus Sulphur
P 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.045 0.040 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.040 0.045 0.045 0.030 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.030 0.040 0.060 0.030 0.030 0.040 0.020 0.020 0.040 0.040 0.045 0.020 0.030 0.045 0.030
Note S Si Ni Cr Mo 0.030 0.75 8.00-11.0 18.0-20.0 0.030 0.75 8.00-11.0 18.0-20.0 0.030 0.75 8.00-13.0 18.0-20.0 25 0.030 0.75 8.00-11.0 18.0-20.0 1 0.030 0.75 8.00-11.0 18.0-20.0 1 0.030 0.75 12.0-16.0 22.0-24.0 0.75 2 0.030 0.75 12.0-15.0 22.0-24.0 0.030 0.75 12.0-16.0 22.0-24.0 0.75 2 0.030 0.75 12.0-15.0 22.0-24.0 0.75 0.030 0.75 19.0-22.0 24.0-26.0 0.75 2 0.030 0.75 19.0-22.0 24.0-26.0 0.030 0.75 19.0-22.0 24.0-26.0 0.75 2 0.030 0.75 19.0-22.0 24.0-26.0 0.75 0.015 0.3-0.7 14.0-16.0 14.0-16.0 1.0-1.4 3 0.030 0.75 11.0-14.0 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 24 0.030 0.75 11.0-14.0 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 24 0.030 0.75 10.0-15.0 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 25 0.030 0.75 11.0-14.0 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 1,24 0.030 0.75 11.0-14.0 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 1,24 0.030 0.75 11.0-14.0 18.0-20.0 3.00-4.00 0.030 0.75 11.0-15.0 18.0-20.0 3.00-4.00 0.030 0.75 9.00-13.0 17.0-20.0 20 0.030 0.75 9.00-13.0 17.0-20.0 21 0.030 0.75 9.00-13.0 17.0-20.0 22 0.030 0.75 9.00-13.0 17.0-20.0 23 0.030 0.75 9.00-13.0 17.0-20.0 4, 22 0.030 0.75 9.00-13.0 17.0-20.0 4, 23 0.030 1.00 5.50-7.50 19.0-21.5 5 0.030 1.00 5.50-7.50 19.0-21.5 5 0.030 1.50-2.50 17.5-18.5 17.0-19.0 0.030 1.00 11.5-13.5 20.5-23.5 1.50-3.00 6 0.030 1.00 2.25-3.75 17.0-19.0 7 0.010 0.80 17.5-18.5 19.5-20.5 6.00-6.50 8 0.030 3.2-4.0 13.5-16.0 17.0-19.5 9 0.030 1.40-2.00 10.0-12.0 20.0-22.0 10 0.015 0.4 20.5-23.5 24.0-26.0 1.6-2.6 11 0.020 3.7-4.3 14.0-15.5 17.0-18.5 0.20 12 0.030 0.75 13.5-17.5 18.0-20.0 4.0-5.0 13,26 0.030 0.75 13.5-17.5 17.0-20.0 4.0-5.0 14,26 0.030 4.8-6.0 19.0-22.0 16.5-19.5 0.3-1.5 15 0.015 0.30 31.0-33.0 26.0-28.0 16 0.010 1.00 16.0-18.0 23.0-25.0 4.0-5.0 17 0.030 1.00-2.00 9.0-10.0 18.0-19.0 18 0.005 0.50 21.0-23.0 24.0-25.0 7.0-8.0 19
Silicon
Nickel
Chromium
Molybdenum
2-10
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Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe Chemical Composition (Continued)
Grade UNS Composition Percentage, max or range C 0.0050.020 0.04-0.08 0.030 0.020
Carbon Manganese
A 312
Note 27 18 28 29
Mn
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Silicon
Si
Nickel
Ni
Chromium
Cr
Molybdenum
Mo -
TP347LN S34751 S35315 N08367 N08904
2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
0.040 0045 0.040 0.045
0.030 0.75
9.00-13.0
17.0-20.0 24.0-26.0 20.0-22.0 19.0-23.0
0.030 0.75 34.0-36.0 0.030 1.00 23.50-25.50 0.035 1.00 23.0-28.0
6.00-7.00 4.0-5.0
Composition Notes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Nitrogen 0.10-0.16% Niobium + Tantalum: 10 x Carbon min, 1.10% max Titanium 0.3-0.6%, Boron 0.004-0.008% Tantalum 0.10% max Nitrogen 0.15-0.40% Niobium + Tantalum: 0.10-0.30%, Nitrogen 0.20-0.40%, Vanadium 0.10-0.30% Nitrogen 0.20-0.40% Nitrogen 0.18-0.22%, Copper 0.50-1.00% Aluminium 0.8-1.5% Nitrogen 0.14-0.20%, Cerium 0.03-0.08% Nitrogen 0.09-0.15% Copper 0.50% max Nitrogen 0.10% max, Copper 0.75% max Nitrogen 0.10-0.20%, Copper 0.75% max Copper 1.5-2.5% Niobium + Tantalum: 0.6-1.0%, Cerium 0.05-0.10%, Aluminium 0.025% max Niobium + Tantalum: 0.1% max, Nitrogen 0.4-0.6% Nitrogen 0.12-0.18%, Cerium 0.03-0.08% Nitrogen 0.45-0.55%, Copper 0.30-0.60% Titanium >5 x Carbon and 0.70% max Titanium >4 x Carbon and 0.6% max Niobium + Tantalum >10 x Carbon and 1.00% max Niobium + Tantalum >8 x Carbon and 1.0% max For welded pipe the nickel range is 10.0-14.0% max Carbon 0.040% max is necessary for pipes where many drawing passes are required, as with outside diameter <0.5 in (12.7 mm) or nominal wall thickness <0.049 in (1.2 mm) (minimum wall thickness <0.044 in (1.12 mm)) For welded pipe, Phosphorus 0.045% max Niobium + Tantalum: 0.2-0.5%, >15 x Carbon, Nitrogen 0.06-0.10% Nitrogen 0.18-0.25%, Copper 0.75% max Nitrogen 0.10% max, Copper 1.0-2.0%
Note Niobium is sometimes referred to as Columbium
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2-11
ASTM A 358/A 358M - 95a

Electric-Fusion-Welded Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Alloy Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
This specification covers electric-fusion-welded austenitic chromium-nickel alloy steel pipe suitable for high temperature and general corrosive service.

Dimensions. This specification assumes NPS8 minimum, although there is no restriction. Tolerances. ASTM pipe general requirements, page 2-2, apply unless otherwise stated below. Outside Diameter. 0.5% of specified OD. Wall Thickness. Minimum wall thickness shall be
<0.01 in (0.3 mm) under nominal thickness. Out-of-Roundness. Major and minor outside diameters to differ by less than 1%. Alignment. The gap between the pipe and a 10ft (3 m) straight edge shall <1/8 in (3 mm) Length. Specified by purchaser. Circumferential
Manufacture

Material. Refer to chemical composition table. Welding: All joints full penetration, double welded or single welded butt joints employing fusion welding process. Backing strips or rings, if used, must be removed after welding. Filler metal specifications detailed in A 358 are not included in this summary. Pipe Classes: Class 1 - Double welded by a process employing filler metal in all passes and completely radiographed. Class 2 - Double welded by a process employing filler metal in all passes. No radiography required. Class 3 - Single welded by a process employing filler metal in all passes and completely radiographed. Class 4 - As class 3 except the inside pipe surface weld may be made without filler metal. Class 5 - Double welded by a process employing filler metal in all passes. Spot radiography required. Heat treatment. Refer to heat treatment table and supplementary requirement S5. Marking on each length of pipe: Manufacturers name or brand, specification number, WR if weld repaired, NPS and schedule, NH if no hydrotesting, Class number. Also final heat temperature: HT-O if no final heat treatment, HT-temp where temp is the final stabilising treatment temperature if specified in Supplementary Requirement S5.
Finish and Repair

Appearance. Finished pipe will have a workmanlike finish. Plate Defect Repair by Grinding. Defects may be repaired by machining or grinding, provided the wall thickness is not reduced below the minimum.
Plate Defect Repair by Welding. Defects which give unsatisfactory wall thickens can be repaired by welding if the purchaser agrees. Repair welds must be suitably NDT examined or lengths pressure tested if repair depth is >1/4 wall thickness. Finish. Pipe will be free of scale and contaminating iron particles. Bright annealed pipe need not be pickled, or blasted. The purchaser may request a passivating treatment.
2-12
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Welded Austenitic Pipe for High-Temperature Service Ordering Information
Item Specification number Size Quantity Name of material Class Grade Applicable ASME Code ASTM A 358/A 358M-95a Nominal pipe size or outside diameter. Schedule or average wall thickness. Random or specified lengths. Total length or number of lengths. Electric-fusion-welded austenitic stainless steel pipe. Class 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 - see manufacturing data Selected from chemical composition table If known. For ASME Code Section III applications, intended service classification and certification requirements are required Plain ends with all burrs removed is ASTM requirement. Bevelled, or other end finishes can be specified DIN 50049.3.1.B standard, or DIN 50049.3.1.C optional (3rd party witness test) at extra cost Refer to optional and supplementary requirements S1 to S6 Notes
A 358
End finish Test report Options and supplementary requirements
Mandatory Testing

Heat Analysis. Performed on test ingot taken during pouring of heat. Conformance with chemical composition table (as A 240) is required. Transverse Tension Test. One test made to represent each lot. A lot is pipe of the same grade, welded to the same procedure and with a common heat treatment. The maximum lot size is 200 ft (60 m) of pipe. Transverse Guided-Bend Weld Test. One test,
two specimens will be tested for each lot. Hydrostatic Test. Each pipe will be tested unless agreed by purchaser. Radiographic Examination. Classes 1,3 and 4 will have all welded joints radiographically examined. Class 5 pipe will be spot radiographic tested over not less than 12 in (300 mm) in each 50 ft (15 m) of pipe. This examination may be prior to heat treatment.

Passivating Treatment may be requested by purchaser. Circumferential Welds may be permitted by purchaser. Filler Metal. High alloy filler metal may be specified for improved corrosion resistance. Repair of Plate Defects may be authorised. content of the deposited weld metal will be determined using a method agreed between purchaser and vendor. S1 Stabilising Heat Treatment. Grades 321, 347 and 348 can be given a stabilisation heat treatment at a temperature lower than that used for the initial solution annealing heat treatment. Temperature to be agreed between purchaser and vendor. S1 Intergranular Corrosion Test. Performed in accordance with Practice A 262, Practice E. S5 may be necessary to meet this requirement for grades containing Titanium or Niobium.
S1 Product Analysis. Each length of pipe will be analysed. S1 Tension and Bend Tests. Test will be made on specimens to represent each length of pipe. S1 Penetrant Oil and Powder Test. All welded joints will be examined by a penetrant oil and powder method. Methods to be agreed between purchaser and vendor. S1 Ferrite Control in Weld Deposits. Ferrite
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2-13
A 358
Grade All TP304L TP304N TP316L TP316N TPXM-19 TPXM-29
Welded Austenitic Pipe for High-Temperature Service
Tensile Requirements
UNS All S30403 S30451 S31603 S31603 S20910 S24000 S31254 S30815 S30600 S31726 S24565 S30415 S32654 N08367 Tensile Strength min ksi 75 70 80 70 80 100 100 94 87 78 80 115 87 109 95 MPa 515 485 550 485 550 690 690 650 600 540 550 795 600 750 655 Yield Strength min ksi 30 25 35 25 35 55 55 44 45 35 35 60 42 62 45 MPa 205 170 240 170 240 380 380 300 310 240 240 415 290 430 310 Elongation in 2 in (50 mm) min % 40 40 30 40 35 35 40 35 40 40 40 35 40 40 30
Notes All = All grades listed in the chemical composition table other than those itemised in this table. S24565 is not listed in ASTM A 240. The UNS designation may be S34565, if ASTM A 358 is in error. 1 Transverse tension tests across welded joint specimens ensure the tensile strength is not less than the minimum specified for the plate in ASTM A 240/A 240M. Values in this table are therefore extracted from A 240.
Heat Treatment
Grade All UNS All S31254 S30815 S24565 S32654 N08367 Temperature Temperature Treatment F C 1900 1040 Minimum heat treatment temperature. Quench1 2100 1150 Minimum heat treatment temperature. Quench1 1920 2050 2100 2025 1050 1120 1150 1107 Minimum heat treatment temperature. Quench1 Minimum heat treatment temperature. Quench1 Minimum heat treatment temperature. Quench1 Minimum heat treatment temperature. Quench1
Notes All = All grades listed in the chemical composition table other than those itemised in this table.
Grade TP304 TP304L TP304N TP304LN TP309H TP309Cb TP309S TP310Cb TP310H TP310S TP316 UNS S30400 S30403 S30451 S30453 S30909 S30940 S30908 S31040 S31009 S31008 S31600 Composition Percentage, max or range C 0.08 0.030 0.08 0.030 0.04-0.10 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.04-0.10 0.08 0.08
Carbon Manganese
Mn 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
Phosphorus Sulphur
P 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045
S 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030
Si 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 1.50 0.75 1.50 0.75
Silicon
Ni 8.00-10.50 8.00-12.00 8.00-10.50 8.00-12.00 12.0-15.0 12.00-16.00 12.00-15.00 19.00-22.00 19.00-22.00 19.00-22.00 10.00-14.00
Nickel
Note Cr Mo 18.00-20.00 15 18.00-20.00 15 18.00-20.00 1 18.00-20.00 1 22.00-24.00 22.00-24.00 2 22.00-24.00 24.00-26.00 2 24.00-26.00 24.00-26.00 16.00-18.00 2.00-3.00 15
Chromium
Molybdenum
2-14
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Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes Chemical Composition (Continued)
Grade TP316L TP316N TP316LN TP316H TP321 TP347 TP348 TPXM-19 TPXM-29 UNS Composition Percentage, max or range C 0.030 0.08 0.030 0.04-0.10 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.08 0.020 0.05-0.10 0.030 0.030 0.08 0.030 0.04-0.06 0.020 0.030
Carbon
A 358
S31603 S31651 S31653 S31609 S32100 S34700 S34800 S20910 S24000 S31254 S30815 S31725 S31726 TPXM-17 S21600 S34565 S30415 S32654 N08367
Mn 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00-6.00 11.50-14.50 1.00 0.80 2.00 2.00 7.50-9.00 5.00-7.00 0.80 2.00-4.00 2.00
Manganese
Phosphorus Sulphur
P 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.040 0.060 0.030 0.040 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.030 0.045 0.030 0.040
Note S Si Ni Cr Mo 0.030 0.75 10.00-14.00 16.00-18.00 2.00-3.00 15 0.030 0.75 10.00-14.00 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 1 0.030 0.75 10.00-14.00 16.00-18.00 2.00-3.00 1 0.030 0.75 10.00-14.00 16.00-18.00 2.00-3.00 0.030 0.75 9.00-12.00 17.00-19.00 12,15 0.030 0.75 9.00-13.00 17.00-19.00 13 0.030 0.75 9.00-13.00 17.00-19.00 14 0.030 0.75 11.50-13.50 20.50-23.5 1.50-3.00 3 0.030 0.75 2.25-3.75 17.00-19.00 4 0.010 0.80 17.50-18.50 19.50-20.50 6.00-6.50 5 0.030 1.40-2.00 10.00-12.00 20.00-22.00 7 0.030 0.75 13.50-17.50 18.00-20.00 4.0-5.0 8 0.030 0.75 13.50-17.50 17.00-20.00 4.0-5.0 9 0.030 0.75 5.00-7.00 17.50-22.00 2.00-3.00 17 0.010 1.00 16.00-18.00 23.00-25.00 4.00-5.00 10 0.030 1.00-2.00 9.00-10.00 18.00-19.00 6 0.005 0.50 21.00-23.00 24.00-25.00 7.00-8.00 11 0.030 1.00 23.50-25.50 20.00-22.00 6.00-7.00 16
Silicon
Nickel
Chromium
Molybdenum
Notes Heat analysis and chemical composition requirements are specified to be as for the plate in ASTM A 240/A 240M - 96. Values in this table are therefore extracted from ASTM A 240/A 240M - 96. Additional tolerances for product analysis testing (detailed in ASTM A 480/A 480M) are not included in this summary. S24565 is not listed in ASTM A 240. The UNS designation may be S34565, if ASTM A 358 is in error.
Composition Notes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Nitrogen 0.10-0.16% Niobium: 10 x Carbon min, 1.10% max Niobium 0.10-0.30%, Nitrogen 0.20-0.40%, Vanadium 0.10-0.30% Nitrogen 0.20-0.40% Nitrogen 0.18-0.22%, Copper 0.50-1.00% Nitrogen 0.12-0.18%, Cerium 0.03-0.08% Nitrogen 0.14-0.20%, Cerium 0.03-0.08% Nitrogen 0.20% max Nitrogen 0.10-0.20% Niobium 0.1% max, Nitrogen 0.40-0.60% Nitrogen 0.45-0.55%, Copper 0.30-0.60% Titanium: 5 x (Carbon + Nitrogen)% min, 0.70% max Niobium:10 x Carbon% min, 1.00% max Niobium + Tantalum: 10 x Carbon% min, 1.00% max; Tantalum 0.10% max, Niobium 0.20% max Nitrogen 0.10% max Nitrogen 0.18-0.25%, Copper 0.75% max Nitrogen 0.25-0.50%
Note Niobium is sometimes referred to as Columbium.
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2-15
ASTM A 376/A 376M - 96

Seamless Austenitic Steel Pipe for High Temperature Central-Station Service
This specification covers austenitic steel pipe intended for high temperature centralstation service.

Dimensions. All standard pipe sizes and wall thicknesses may be specified. Tolerances. ASTM pipe general requirements, page 2-2, apply unless otherwise stated below.
Straightness. Finished pipe shall be reasonably straight.
Manufacture

Materials. Refer to chemical composition table. H and N grades are specifically for high temperature service. Manufacture. Hot or cold finished, with suitable finishing treatment. Heat Treatment. Refer to heat treatment table.
Marking on each length of pipe: Manufacturers make or brand, specification number, WR if weld repaired, NPS and schedule, NH if no hydrotesting, S if pipe conforms to supplementary requirement, number (heat or manufacturers) to identify heat. Also, final heat temperature: HT-O if none, or HT-temp where temp is final heat temperature (if under 1900 F [1040 C]).
Finish and Repair

Appearance. No surface imperfections deeper than 12.5% of nominal wall thickness. Defect Removal by Grinding. Defects may be repaired by machining or grinding, provided the wall thickness is not reduced below the minimum. Mechanical marks, abrasions or pits deeper than 1/16 in (1.6 mm), removed. Scabs, seams, laps, tears or slivers deeper than 5% of nominal wall
thickness also removed. Plate Defect Repair by Welding. Defects which give unsatisfactory wall thickness can be repaired by welding if the purchaser agrees. Finish. Pipe will be free of scale and contaminating iron particles. Bright annealed pipe need not be pickled, or blasted. The purchaser may request a passivating treatment.
Mandatory Testing

Transverse or Longitudinal Tension Tests. Performed on 1% of Pipe from each heat treated lot. Flattening Test. Performed on 5% of pipe from each heat treated lot.
Hydrostatic Test. Each pipe will be tested unless agreed by purchaser. If the test is omitted then the pipe will be marked NH. Grain Size. TP321H grain size shall be No 7 or coarser. Test Method E112. Lot Sizes. A lot is up to 400 lengths for pipes <NPS 2, 200 lengths for pipes NPS 2 to NPS 5, and 100 lengths for >NPS 5.
2-16
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Seamless Austenitic Pipe for High Temperature Service Ordering Information
Item Specification number Size Quantity Name of material Process Grade End finish Test report Options and supplementary requirements ASTM A 376/A 376M-96 Nominal pipe size or outside diameter. Schedule or average wall thickness. Random or specified lengths. Total length or number of lengths. Seamless austenitic stainless steel pipe Seamless or welded Selected from chemical composition table Plain ends with all burrs removed is ASTM requirement. Bevelled, or other end finishes can be specified. DIN 50049.3.1.B standard, or DIN 50049.3.1.C optional (3rd party witness test) at extra cost Refer to optional and supplementary requirements S1 to S10 Notes
A 376

Hydrostatic testing of pipe sizes >NPS 24 to pressures above or below specified test pressure is subject to agreement with purchaser. Weld repair is subject to purchaser approval. Passivating treatment may be requested. Alternative heat treatment, or no heat treatment, may be requested. Controlled structural or special service characteristics may be specified as a guide to the most suitable heat treatment. Product Analysis. Performed on each length of pipe. Transverse Tension Test. Performed on HPS8 and larger on specimen from one or both ends of each pipe. Tensile and yield strength, and elongation to be as specified for grade. Flattening Test. Performed on one or both ends of each pipe. Reject if fail. Etching Tests. Performed on cross section from one or both ends of each pipe. Tests show homogeneity of the pipe. Pipe shall be free from harmful defects such as laminations, cracks. Reject or re-test if fail. S1 Photomicrographs. Supplied at 100 diameters, for one end of each pipe, with sufficient identification to associate with the pipe. For information only. S1 Ultrasonic Test. Performed on each pipe in circumferential direction, to that each piece is scarred. A reference standard must be employed to calibrate readings. Reject if fail. S1 Weldability - Hot Ductility Test. Performed on specimen from heat of material supplied in heavy wall pipe sections. S1 Retests. Performed on any part of pipe at purchasers request. Reject if fail. S1 Stabilisation Heat Treatment. Grades TP321, 321H 347, 347H, 348 and 348H can be given stabilisation heat treatment at a temperature lowered than used for solution annealing heat treatment. Temperature to be agreed between purchaser and vendor. S1 S/O Intergranular Corrosion Test. Performed in accordance with Practice A 262, Practice E. S9 may be necessary to meet requirement, especially for H grades.
S1 S1
S1 S1
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2-17
A 376
Grade TP304 TP304H TP304LN TP304N TP316 TP316H TP316LN TP316N TP321 TP321H TP347 TP347H TP348 16-8-2H
Seamless Austenitic Pipe for High Temperature Service
UNS S30400 S30409 S30453 S30451 S31600 S31609 S31653 S31651 S32100 S32109 S34700 S34709 S34800 S31725 S31726 Tensile Strength min ksi MPa 75(701) 75 75 80 75 75 75 80 752(703) 752(703) 75 75 75 75 75 80 515(4801) 515 515 550 515 515 515 550 5152(4803) 5152(4803) 515 515 515 515 515 550 Yield Strength min ksi MPa 30 205 30 205 30 205 35 240 30 205 30 205 30 205 35 240 302(253) 302(253) 30 30 30 30 30 35 2052(1703) 2052(1703) 205 205 205 205 205 240 Elongation in 2 in (50 mm) or 4D min Longit % Trans % 35 25 35 25 35 25 35 25 35 25 35 25 35 25 35 25 35 25 35 30 30 30 30 30 35 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
Notes 1 Value if > NPS8 and Schedule 140 or heavier 2 Value if t < 3/8 in (9.5 mm) 3 Value if t > 3/8 in (9.5 mm)
Heat Treatment
Grade TP304 TP304H TP304N TP316 TP316H TP316N TP321 TP321H TP347 TP347H TP348 16-8-2H S31725 S31726 Temperature Temperature Treatment F C S30400 1900 1040 Min solution temp. Quench2 S30409 1900(1900) 1040(1040) Min solution temp for cold working (hot-rolled). Quench2 UNS 1900 1900 1900 1900(1900) 1900 1900 1900 2000(1925) 1900 2000(1925) 1900 1800(1800) 1900 1900 1040 1040 1040 Min heat treating temperature. Quench2 Min heat treating temperature. Quench2 S30451 S31600 S31609 S31651 S32100 S32109 S34700 S34709 S34800
TP304LN S30453
TP316LN S31653
Min heat treating temperature. Quench2 1040(1040) Min solution temp for cold working (hot-rolled). Quench2 1040 Min heat treating temperature. Quench2 1040 1040 1100(1050) 1040 1100(1050) 1040 980(980) 1040 1040 Min heat treating temperature. Quench2
1 1
Min solution temp. Quench2 Min solution temp for cold working (hot-rolled). Quench2 Min solution temp. Quench2 solution temp for cold working (hot-rolled). Quench2 solution temp. Quench2
1 Min 1Min 1 1
Min solution temp for cold working (hot-rolled). Quench2 Min solution temp. Quench2 Min solution temp. Quench2
Notes 1 If solution temperatures above 1950F (1065C) are used, lower temperature final stabilisation treatment may be specified (see Supplementary Requirement S9) to ensure intergranular corrosion resistance is not impaired. A 376 also mentions TP348H in this regard, but does not mention the grade elsewhere in the standard. 2 Quench in water or rapid cool by other means.
2-18
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Seamless Austenitic Pipe for High Temperature Service Chemical Composition
Composition Percentage, max or range Grade TP304 TP304H TP304N TP304LN TP316 TP316H TP316N TP316LN TP321 TP321H TP347 TP347H TP348 16-8-2H S31725 S31726 UNS S30400 S30409 S30451 S30453 S31600 S31609 S31651 S31653 S32100 S32109 S34700 S34709 S34800
Carbon
A 376
Manganese
Mn
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Silicon
Si
Nickel
Ni
Chromium
Cr
Molybdenum
Mo -
Note
0.08 0.04-0.10 0.08 0.035 0.08 0.04-0.10 0.08 0.035 0.08 0.04-0.10 0.08 0.04-0.10 0.08 0.05-0.10 0.03 0.03
2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040
0.030 0.75 8.00-11.0 0.030 0.75 8.00-11.0 0.030 0.75 8.00-11.0 0.030 0.75 8.00-11.0 0.030 0.75 11.0-14.0 0.030 0.75 11.0-14.0 0.030 0.75 11.0-14.0 0.030 0.75 11.0-14.0 0.030 0.75 9.00-13.0 0.030 0.75 9.00-13.0 0.030 0.75 9.00-13.0 0.030 0.75 9.00-13.0 0.030 0.75 9.00-13.0 0.030 0.75 7.5-9.50 0.030 0.75 13.5-17.5 0.030 0.75 13.5-17.5
18.0-20.0 18.0-20.0 18.0-20.0 18.0-20.0 16.0-18.0 16.0-18.0 16.0-18.0 16.0-18.0 17.0-20.0 17.0-20.0 17.0-20.0 17.0-20.0 17.0-20.0 14.5-16.5 18.0-20.0 17.0-20.0
1 1
2.00-3.00 2.00-3.00 2.00-3.00 2.00-3.00 1.5-2.0 4.0-5.0 4.0-5.0 3 4 1 1 5 6 7 8 2, 7
Composition Notes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Nitrogen 0.10-0.16% Tantalum 0.10% Nitrogen 0.10% max, Copper 0.75% max Nitrogen 0.10-0.20, Copper 0.75% max Titanium > 5 x Carbon and 0.60% max Titanium > 4 x Carbon and 0.60% max Niobium + Tantalum > 10 x Carbon and 1.00% max Niobium + Tantalum > 8 x Carbon and 1.00% max
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2-19
ASTM A 409/A 409M - 95a

Welded Large Diameter Austenitic Steel Pipe for Corrosive or High-Temperature Service
This specification covers straight seam or spiral seam electric-fusion-welded, light-wall, austenitic steel pipe intended for corrosive or high temperature service. Sizes covered are NPS 14 to NPS 30 with extra light (Schedule 5S) and light (Schedule 10S) wall thickness. Pipe having other dimensions may be specified.

Dimensions. Pipe sizes normally furnished are NPS 14 to NPS 30 with extra light (Schedule 5S) and light (Schedule 10S) wall thickness. Minimum Wall Thickness. At any point this must not be more than 0.018 in (0.46 mm) under the specified wall thickness. Outside Diameter. For wall thicknesses <0.188 in (4.8 mm) OD tolerance is 20%. For wall thicknesses >0.188 in (4.8 mm) OD tolerance is 40%.
Out-of-Roundness. The difference between maximum and minimum OD must be <1.5% of the specified OD. Straightness. Deviation from 10 ft (3 m) straight edge is < 3/16 in (4.8 mm). Cut Lengths. Unless otherwise specified, pipes <NPS 22 are furnished in random lengths of 9 to 12 ft. Pipes >NPS 22 are not less than 5 ft. Circumferential welding of two or more lengths may be specified.
Manufacture

Materials. Refer to chemical composition table. Welding. Manual or automatic electro-welding process. Weld surface to be flush with base plate or may have <1/16 in (2 mm) crown. Weld reinforcement removal is optional. Weld filler metal conforms to applicable AWS specification for the grade. Filler metal specifications in A 409 are not included in this summary. Heat Treatment. Refer to heat treatment table and optional and supplementary requirements. No final heat treatment may be specified if the plate has already been heat treated as required.
Marking on each length of pipe. Manufacturers name or trade mark, specification number, grade, manufacturers heat number, size, schedule number. Also, final heat treatment: HT-O if none, or HT-temp where temp is final heat temperature (if under 1900 F [1040 C]), HT-SO if no heat treatment of plate.
Finish and Repair

Appearance. The pipe shall have a workmanlike finish. Defect Removal by Machining or Grinding. Defects may be repaired by machining or grinding, provided the wall thickness is not reduced below the minimum.
Defect Repair by Welding. Defects which violate minimum wall thickness can be repaired by welding if the purchaser agrees. Unless otherwise specified, heat treatment or retreatment must follow repair. If the repair depth is >1/4 wall thickness pressure and nondestructive testing or retesting is required. Finish. Pipe will be free of scale and contaminating iron particles. Bright annealed pipe need not be pickled, blasted or have other surface finishing. The purchaser may request a passivating treatment.
2-20
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Welded Large Diameter Austenitic Steel Pipe Ordering Information
Item Specification number Size Quantity Name of material Grade End finish Test report Options and supplementary requirements ASTM A 409/A 409M-95a Nominal pipe size or outside diameter. Schedule or average wall thickness. Random or specified lengths. Total length or number of lengths. Straight seam or spiral seam electro-fusion welded austenitic stainless steel pipe Selected from chemical composition table Plain ends with all burrs removed is ASTM requirement. Bevelled, or other end finishes can be specified. DIN 50049.3.1.B standard, or DIN 50049.3.1.C optional (3rd party witness test) at extra cost Refer to optional and supplementary requirements S1 to S6 Notes
A 409
Mandatory Testing
Transverse Tension Test. One test made to represent each lot. A lot is pipe of the same grade, welded to the same procedure and with a common heat treatment. The maximum lot size is 200 ft (60 m) of pipe with same NPS and wall thickness. Transverse Guided-Bend Weld Test. One test, two specimens will be tested for each lot. One specimen is subject to a face guided-bend test and the other to a root guided-bend test. Cracks <1/8 in (3 mm) are acceptable. Hydrostatic Test or Nondestructive Test. Each pipe is subject to a pressure test or nondestructive testing of all welds. Air or gas pressure testing may be used with internal pressure of 100 psi (700 kPa) and using soap solution on welds to detect leakage.

Type of melting may be specified. Nondestructive testing of welds is subject to purchaser agreement. Weld bead may be removed at manufacturers option or as agreed with purchaser. Weld filler metal. Purchaser may request higheralloy filler metal when needed for corrosion resistance. Special heat treatment, or no final heat treatment, may be requested. Controlled structural or special service characteristics may be specified as a guide to the most suitable heat treatment. Refer to S5 also. Passivating treatment may be specified. Repair by welding is subject to purchaser agreement. Surface finishing may be specified Certification details may be requested. S1 Product Analysis. Analysis for each finished sheet or plate from each heat. Conformance with the chemical composition table is required.
S1 Radiographic Examination. Weld soundness will be examined as agreed with purchaser. S1 Corrosion Requirements. Boiling Nitric Acid or Acidified Copper Sulphate test may be specified for finished grade. Details in A 409 are not repeated in this summary. S1 Ferrite Control in Weld Deposits. Ferrite content of deposited weld metal may be determined as agreed between purchaser and vendor. S1 Stabilising Heat Treatment. Grades TP321, TP347 and TP348 can be given stabilisation heat treatment at a temperature lower than used for solution annealing heat treatment. Temperature to be agreed between purchaser and vendor. S1 Intergranular Corrosion Test. Performed in accordance with Practice A262, Practice E. S5 may be necessary for TP321, TP347 and TP348.
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2-21
A 409
Grade TP304 TP304L TP309Cb TP309S TP310Cb TP310S TP316 TP316L TP317 TP321 TP347 TP348
Welded Large Diameter Austenitic Steel Pipe
UNS ksi S30400 S30403 S30940 S30908 S31040 S31008 S31600 S31603 S31700 S32100 S34700 S34800 S31254 S30815 S31725 S31726 S24565 N08367 75 70 75 75 75 75 75 70 75 75 75 75 94 87 75 80 115 100(951) Tensile Strength min MPa 515 485 515 515 515 515 515 485 515 515 515 515 650 600 515 550 795 690(6551) ksi 30 25 30 30 30 30 30 25 30 30 30 30 44 45 30 35 60 45 Yield Strength min MPa 205 170 205 205 205 205 205 170 205 205 205 205 300 310 205 240 415 310
Note 1 Value if wall thickness >0.187 in (4.75 mm)
Heat Treatment
Grade All UNS All S31254 S30815 S24565 N08367 Temperature Temperature F C 1900 2100 1920 2050-2140 2025 1040 1150 1050 1120-1170 1107 Treatment Minimum heat treating temperature. Quench1,2 Minimum heat treating temperature. Quench1 Minimum heat treating temperature. Quench1 Minimum heat treating temperature. Quench1 Minimum heat treating temperature. Quench1
Notes All = All grades listed in the chemical composition table except those itemised in this table. 1 Quench in water or rapid cool by other means. 2 For grades TP321, TP347 and TP348, if solution temperatures above 1950 F (1065 C) are used, lower temperature final stabilisation treatment may be specified (see Supplementary Requirement S5) to ensure intergranular corrosion resistance is not impaired.
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Welded Large Diameter Austenitic Steel Pipe Chemical Composition
Composition Percentage, max or range Grade TP304 TP304L UNS S30400 S30403
Carbon
A 409
Molybdenum
Manganese Phosphorus
Mn
Sulphur
Silicon
Si
Nickel
Ni
Chromium
Cr
Mo -
Note
0.08 0.035 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.035 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.020 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.030
2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 0.80 2.00 2.00 5.0-7.0 2.00
0.045 0.030 0.045 0.030 0.045 0.030 0.045 0.030 0.045 0.030 0.045 0.030 0.045 0.030 0.045 0.030 0.045 0.030 0.045 0.030 0.045 0.030 0.045 0.030 0.030 0.010 0.045 0.030 0.045 0.030 0.030 0.010 0.040 0.030
0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.80 0.75 0.75 1.00 1.00
8.00-11.0 8.00-13.0 12.0-16.0 12.0-15.0 19.0-22.0 19.0-22.0 10.0-14.0 10.0-15.0 11.0-14.0 9.00-13.0 9.00-13.0 9.00-13.0 17.5-18.5 10.0-12.0 13.5-17.5 13.5-17.5 16.0-18.0
18.0-20.0 18.0-20.0 22.0-24.0 22-24 24.0-26.0 24.0-26.0 16.0-18.0 16.0-18.0 18.0-20.0 17.0-20.0 17.0-20.0 17.0-20.0 19.5-20.5 20.0-22.0 18.0-20.0 17.0-20.0 23.0-25.0
TP309Cb S30940 TP309S S30908 TP310Cb S31040 TP310S S31008 TP316 TP316L TP317 TP321 TP347 TP348 S31600 S31603 S31700 S32100 S34700 S34800 S31254 S31725 S31726 S24565 N08367
0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 2.0-3.0 2.0-3.0 3.0-4.0 6.00-6.50 4.0-5.0 4.0-5.0 4.0-5.0
1, 2 2 1, 2 2
3 4 5 11 6, 7 2, 8 9 10 12
S30815 0.05-0.10
0.040 0.030 1.40-2.00
23.50-25.50 20.00-22.00 6.00-7.00
Composition Notes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Niobium + Tantalum: 10 x Carbon min, 1.10% max Copper 0.75% max Titanium < 5 x Carbon, 0.7% max Niobium + Tantalum < 10 x Carbon and 1.00% max Niobium + Tantalum < 10 x Carbon and 1.00% max, Tantalum 0.10% max Cerium 0.03-0.08% Nitrogen 0.14-0.20% Nitrogen 0.10% max Nitrogen 0.10-0.20%, Copper 0.75% max Nitrogen 0.4-0.6%, Niobium 0.1% max Nitrogen 0.180-0.220%, Copper 0.50-1.00% Copper 0.75% max, Nickel 0.18-0.25%
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2-23
ASTM A 731/A 731M - 91

Seamless and Welded, Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steel Pipe
This specification covers seamless, welded ferritic and martensitic steel pipe intended for high-temperature and general corrosive service. Most of the grades are ferromagnetic. Note that high chromium ferritic alloys are highly sensitive to notch brittleness if cooled slowly. This is important for pipe thicker than 0.25 in (6.3 mm) if used in the as-welded condition. This specification is obsolete from 1997.

Dimensions. All standard pipe sizes and wall thicknesses may be specified. Tolerances. ASTM pipe general requirements, page 2-2, apply unless otherwise stated. Cut Lengths. All sizes available in 15 to 24 ft lengths or as specified by purchaser. No circumferential welds. NPS All Maximum length variations Over Under Straightness 1/ 4 3/16 in (6 mm) 6 0 mm in in 6 ft (2 m)
Manufacture

Materials. Refer to chemical composition table. Manufacture. Seamless or automatic welding process with no filler metal. Heat Treatment. Refer to heat treatment table.
Marking on each length of pipe. Manufacturers make or brand, specification number, grade, heat number, heat treatment lot identification, indication of whether seamless or welded construction. For pipe >NPS 4 the mass is included.
Finish and Repair
Finish. ASTM pipe general requirements, page 24, apply unless otherwise specified. Pipe is pickled free of scale.
Repair by Grinding. Imperfections may be removed by grinding provided minimum outside diameter or wall thickness is not infringed. Repair by Welding. Not specified.
Mandatory Testing

Transverse or Longitudinal Tension Test. Performed on 1% of pipe from each heated treated lot. Flattening Test. Performed on 5% of pipe from each heat treated lot.
Hydrostatic Test. Performed on each length of pipe. Lot Sizes. A lot is up to 400 lengths for pipes <NPS 2, 200 lengths for pipes NPS 2 to NPS 5, and 100 lengths for pipes >NPS 5.
2-24
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Seamless and Welded, Ferritic and Martensitic Pipe Ordering Information
Item Specification number Size Quantity Name of material Process Grade End finish Test report Options and supplementary requirements ASTM 731/A 731M - 91 Nominal pipe size or outside diameter. Schedule or average wall thickness. Random or specified lengths. Total length or number of lengths. Ferritic and martensitic stainless steel pipe Seamless or welded Selected from chemical composition table Plain ends with all burrs removed is ASTM requirement. Bevelled, or other end finishes can be specified. DIN 50049.3.1.B standard, or DIN 50049.3.1.C optional (3rd party witness test) at extra cost Refer to optional and supplementary requirements S1 to S6 Notes
A 731
Product Analysis. Performed on one billet, one length of flat rolled stock or one pipe may be requested. Conformance with chemical composition table is required. S1 Flattening Test. Performed on specimen from one end of each length of pipe. S1 Etching Tests. Performed on transverse section of one end of each pipe in accordance with Method E 340. S1 Nondestructive Electric Test. As agreed with purchaser. S1 Intergranular Corrosion Test. Performed in accordance with Practice A763.
S1 Product Analysis. Performed on sample from 10% of lengths of pipe from each heat of steel. S1 Transverse Tension Test. Performed on one end of 10% of pipe. NPS8 and larger only.
Grade 18Cr-2Mo TPXM-33 TPXM-27 TP439 29-4 29-4-2 26-3-3 UNS S44400 S44626 S44627 S43035 S44700 S44800 S44660 S41500 Tensile Strength min ksi 60 65 65 60 80 80 85 115 MPa 415 450 450 415 550 550 585 795 Yield Strength min ksi 40 40 40 30 60 60 65 90 MPa 275 275 275 205 415 415 450 620 Elongation in 2 in (50 mm) or 4D min % 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 15
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2-25
A 731
Grade All
Seamless and Welded, Ferritic and Martensitic Pipe
Heat Treatment
UNS All S41500 Temperature Temperature F C 1400 950 760 510 Treatment Minimum final heat treatment temperature. Cool as appropriate to meet requirement Minimum final heat treatment temperature. Cool as appropriate to meet requirement
Note All = All ferritic grades listed in the chemical composition table except the martensitic grade S41500.
Composition Percentage, max or range Grade UNS
Carbon
Manganese
Mn
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Silicon
Si
Nickel
Ni
Chromium
Cr
Molybdenum
Mo
Note 1 2 3,7 4 5 5 6
Ferritic stainless steels: 18Cr-2Mo S44400 TPXM-33 S44626 TPXM-27 S44627 TP439 29-4 29-4-2 26-3-3 S43035 S44700 S44800 S44660 S41500 0.025 0.06 0.01 0.07 0.010 0.010 0.030 0.05 1.00 0.75 0.40 1.00 0.30 0.30 1.00 0.05-1.0 0.040 0.04 0.02 0.040 0.025 0.025 0.040 0.03 0.030 0.02 0.02 0.030 0.020 0.020 0.030 0.03 1.00 0.75 0.40 1.00 0.20 0.20 1.00 0.06 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.15 2.0-2.5 1.0-3.50 3.5-5.5 17.5-19.5 25.0-27.0 25.0-27.5 17.00-19.00 28.0-30.0 28.0-30.0 25.0-28.0 11.5-14.0 1.75-2.50 0.75-1.50 0.75-1.50 3.5-4.2 3.5-4.2 3.0-3.50 0.5-1.0
Martensitic stainless steel:
Composition Notes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Nitrogen 0.035% max, Titanium + Niobium = 0.20% + 4 x (Carbon + Nitrogen) min, 0.80% max Copper 0.20%, Nitrogen 0.040% max, Titanium: 7 x (Carbon + Nitrogen) but not less than 0.20% min, 1.00% max Niobium 0.05-0.20%, Copper 0.20%, Nitrogen 0.015% Aluminium 0.15%, Nitrogen 0.04% max, Titanium: 0.20% + 4 x (Carbon + Nitrogen) min, 1.10% max. Copper 0.15% max, Nitrogen 0.020%, Carbon + Nitrogen = 0.025% max Nitrogen 0.040% max, Titanium + Niobium = 0.20-100% and 6 x (Carbon + Nitrogen) min For small pipe (OD <1.315 in [33.4 mm]): Carbon 0.015% max is necessary since many reduction passes may be required.
2-26
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ASTM A 790/A 790M - 95

Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steel Pipe
This specification covers seamless and straight seam welded duplex stainless steel pipe intended for general corrosive service, the materials giving good resistance to stress corrosion cracking. The materials may become brittle if used for prolonged periods at high temperatures.

Dimensions All standard pipe sizes and wall thicknesses may be specified. Tolerances. ASTM pipe general requirements, page 2-2, apply unless otherwise stated.
Cut lengths. Pipe sizes to NPS 8 are available in 15 to 24 ft lengths or as specified by purchaser. No circumferential welds. Pipe shall be reasonably straight.
Manufacture

Materials. Refer to chemical composition table. Manufacture. Made by the seamless or an automatic welding process with no addition of filler metal. The pipe may be either hot or coldfinished. Heat treatment. Refer to the heat treatment
table. All pipe is furnished heat treated. Marking on each length of pipe. Manufacturers make or brand, specification number, grade, indication of whether seamless or welded construction. For pipe >NPS 4 the weight is included.
Finish and Repair

Appearance. Finished pipe will have a workmanlike finish. Repair by Grinding. Defects may be repaired by grinding. Provided the wall thickness is not reduced below the minimum.
Repair by Welding. Not specified. Finish. Pipe is pickled free of scale. Bright annealed pipe need not be pickled.
Mandatory Testing
Transverse or Longitudinal Tension Test. One test per heat treated lot of not more than 100 pipes. Tests on specimens from two pipes for lots >100. Flattening Test. 5% of pipe or at least 2 pipes to be tested, from each heat treated lot. For pipe >NPS 10 transverse guided weld tests may be performed in place of the flattening test. Hydrostatic Test. Each length of pipe will be tested. An S value 50% of the specified yield strength shall be used (see page 2-5). The test can be omitted if the purchaser so specifies.
Nondestructive Electric Test. May be specified by purchaser instead of or in addition to hydrostatic test. All processing must be completed before testing. Either Ultrasonic or Eddy Current testing may be used, or both. The operator must be qualified. A reference standard must be employed to calibrate the testing equipment. Heat Analysis. To be performed on each heat of steel by the steel manufacturer.
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2-27
A 790
Seamless and Welded Duplex Pipe
Item Specification number Size Quantity Name of material Process Grade End finish Test report Options and supplementary requirements ASTM A 790/A 790M - 95 Nominal pipe size or outside diameter. Schedule or average wall thickness. Random or specified lengths. Total length or number of lengths. Duplex stainless steel pipe Seamless or welded duplex stainless steel pipe Selected from chemical composition table Plain ends with all burrs removed is ASTM requirement. Bevelled, or other end finishes can be specified. DIN 50049.3.1.B standard, or DIN 50049.3.1.C optional (3rd party witness test) at extra cost Refer to optional and supplementary requirements S1 to S4 Notes
Operational Requirements
Product Analysis of one billet, or one length of flat rolled stock from each heat, or two pipes from each lot, may be requested. Conformance with chemical composition table is required. S1 Product Analysis. Performed on 1 in 10 lengths of pipe >NPS 5, or on 10% of lengths of pipe <NPS 5, per heat of steel if smaller. S1 Tranverse Tension Tests. For NPS 8 and larger only, test performed on one end of 10% of pipe lengths per heat of steel. S1 Flattening Test. Performed on one or both ends of each pipe. If this supplementary requirement is specified then the number of tests per pipe must to stated. S1 Etching Tests. Etching tests will show the homogeneity of pipes and are made on a cross section from one or both ends of a pipe in accordance with appropriate portions of Method E381.
Tensile and Hardness Requirements

UNS S31803 S31500 S32550 S31200 S31260 S32304 S39274 S32750 S32760 S32900 S32950 S39277 Tensile Strength min ksi 90 92 110 100 100 87 116 116 109-130 90 100 120 MPa 620 630 760 690 690 600 800 800 750-895 620 690 825 Yield Strength min ksi 65 64 80 65 65 58 80 80 80 70 70 90 MPa 450 440 550 450 450 400 550 550 550 485 480 620 Elongation in 2 in (50 mm) min % 25 30 15 25 25 25 15 15 25 20 20 25 Hardness max Brinell Rockwell HB HRC 290 30.5 290 30.5 297 31.5 280 290 30.5 310 310 270 271 290 290 32 28 30.5 30
2-28
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Seamless and Welded Duplex Pipe Heat Treatment
UNS S31803 S31500 S31200 S32550 S31260 S32304 S39274 S32750 S32760 S32900 S32950 S39277 Temperature Temperature Treatment F C 1870-2010 1020-1100 Treatment temperature range. Rapid cooling in air or water 1800-1900 980-1040 Treatment temperature range. Rapid cooling in air or water 1920-2010 1050-1100 Treatment temperature range. Rapid cooling in water 1900 min 1040 min Treatment temperature. Rapid cooling in air or water 1870-2010 1020-1100 Treatment temperature range. Rapid cooling in water 1700-1920 925-1050 Treatment temperature range. Rapid cooling in air or water 1920-2060 1050-1125 Treatment temperature range. Rapid cooling in air or water 1880-2060 1025-1125 Treatment temperature range. Rapid cooling in air or water 2010-2085 1100-1140 Treatment temperature range. Rapid cooling in air or water 1700-1750 925-955 Treatment temperature range. Rapid cooling in air or water 1820-1880 990-1025 Treatment temperature range. Air cool 1975-2155 1080-1180 Treatment temperature range. Rapid cooling in air or water
A 790
UNS S31803 S31500 S32550 S31200 S31260 S32304 S39274 S32750 S32760 S32900 S32950 Composition Percentage, max or range C Mn 0.030 2.0 0.030 1.20-2.00 0.040 1.5 0.030 2.0 0.030 1.00 0.030 2.50 0.030 1.0 0.030 1.2 0.05 0.08 0.03 1.00 1.00 2.00 0.80
Carbon Manganese Phosphorus
P 0.030 0.030 0.040 0.045 0.030 0.040 0.030 0.035 0.030 0.040 0.035 0.025
S 0.020 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.040 0.020 0.020 0.010 0.030 0.010 0.002
Sulphur
Si 1.00 1.40-2.00 1.0 1.0 0.75 1.0 0.80 0.8 1.00 0.75 0.60 0.80
Silicon
Ni 4.50-6.50 4.25-5.25 4.50-6.50 5.50-6.50 5.50-7.50 3.0-5.5 6.0-8.0 6.0-8.0
S39277 0.025
Cr 21.0-23.0 18.0-19.0 24.0-27.0 24.0-26.0 24.0-26.0 21.5-24.5 24.0-26.0 24.0-26.0 24.006.00-8.00 26.00 23.002.50-5.00 28.00 26.003.50-5.20 29.00 24.006.5-8.00 26.00
Nickel
Chromium
Mo 2.50-3.50 2.50-3.00 2.90-3.90 1.20-2.00 2.50-3.50 0.05-0.60 2.50-3.50 3.0-5.0
Molybdenum
Note N 0.08-0.20 0.05-0.10 0.10-0.25 1 0.14-0.20 0.10-0.30 2 0.05-0.20 3 0.24-0.32 4 0.24-0.32 5 6,7
Nitrogen
3.00-4.00 0.20-0.30 1.00-2.00 -
1.00-2.50 0.15-0.35 3.00-4.00 0.23-0.33 8
Composition Notes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Copper 1.5-2.5% Copper 0.20-0.80%, Tungsten 0.10-0.50% Copper 0.05-0.60% Copper 0.20-0.80%, Tungsten 1.50-2.50% Copper 0.50% max Copper 0.50-1.00%, Tungsten 0.50-1.00% Chromium + (3.3 x Molybdenum) + (16 x Nitrogen) = 40 min Copper 1.2-2.0%, Tungsten 0.8-1.2%
Note Tungsten is sometimes referred to as Wolfram.
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2-29
ASTM A 813/A 813M - 95

Single- or Double- Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe
This specification covers two classes (SW and DW) of fit-up and alignment quality straight-seam single- or double-welded austenitic steel pipe intended for hightemperature and general corrosive service. Class SW is single-welded pipe and Class DW is double-welded pipe, both with no addition of filler metal.

Dimensions. All standard pipe sizes and wall thicknesses may be specified, subject to manufacturing limitations. Tolerances. Cross-sectional tolerances are shown in the table below. Closer OD tolerances can be obtained by agreement. Weld reinforcement is <20% of wall thickness on inside and outside of pipe.
Straightness. Camber shall be <3/16 in (4.8 mm) from straight per 10 ft (3m) length. Cut lengths and Length Tolerances. Standard. ASTM pipe general requirements, page 2-3, apply.
Outside diameter and ovality tolerances Outside Diameter (OD) Ovality NPS in mm %OD 0.010 0.25 <1.5 <11/4 >11/4 to 6 >6 to 18 >18 to 24 30 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.5 0.75 1.0 1.25 <1.5 <1.5 <1.5 <1.5
Wall thickness tolerances NPS All All Wall Thickness (t) in <0.188 >0.188 mm <4.8 >4.8 Maximum Variation in t 12% 0.030 in (0.08 mm)
Manufacture

Materials. Refer to chemical composition table. Manufacture. The pipe is manufactured by machine-welding or an automatic-welding process, welding from one or both sides and producing full penetration welds with no addition of filler metal. Heat Treatment. Refer to heat treatment table. All pipe except pipe >NPS 6 is furnished in heat treated condition. Purchaser may specify no heat treatment for pipe >NPS 6, provided the required heat treatment if applied by the purchaser.
Marking on each length of pipe: Manufacturers make or brand, specification number, SW or DW, WR if weld repaired, NH if no hydro-testing, HT-0 if no heat treatment. For H grades, heat number and heat treatment lot identification included.
Finish and Repair

Appearance. Pipes to be free of injurious imperfections and have a workmanlike finish. Repairs by Grinding. Minor imperfections may be removed by grinding provided wall thickness is not reduced below minimum.
Weld Repairs. Weld joints may be repaired by welding using compatible filler metal. Finish. Pipes are pickled free of scale. Bright annealed pipe need not be pickled.
2-30
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Single- or Double- Welded Austenitic Steel Pipe Ordering Information
Item Specification number Size Quantity Name of material Class Grade End finish Test report Options and supplementary requirements ASTM A 813/A 813M - 95 Nominal pipe size or outside diameter. Schedule or average wall thickness. Random or specified lengths. Total length or number of lengths. Welded austenitic stainless steel pipe SW or DW Selected from chemical composition table Plain ends with all burrs removed is ASTM requirement. Bevelled, or other end finishes can be specified. DIN 50049.3.1.B standard, or DIN 50049.3.1.C optional (3rd party witness test) at extra cost Refer to optional and supplementary requirements S1 to S8 Notes
A 813
Mandatory Testing

Visual Examination of DW Pipe. Both ends of each pipe to be examined for complete fusion of both welds. Transverse or Longitudinal Tension Test. One test on a specimen for lots of <100 pipes. For pipes >NPS 6, transverse tension test across the weld is performed.
Flattening Test. Performed on 5% of each heat treated lot. For >NPS 10, alternative transverseguided bend test may be performed. Lot Sizes. A lot is up to 400 lengths for pipes <NPS 2, 200 lengths for pipes NPS 2 to NPS 5, and 100 lengths for pipes >NPS 5.
Product Analysis of one length of flat rolled stock from each heat, or one pipe from each lot, may be requested. Conformance with chemical composition table is required. No Heat Treatment may be requested for pipe >NPS 6. S1 Etching Tests. Performed on cross section from one or both ends of each pipe. Tests show homogeneity of the pipe. Pipe shall be free from harmful defects such as laminations, cracks. Reject or re-test if fail. S1 Eddy Current Examination. Performed as agreed between purchaser and vendor to determine pipe soundness. S1 Ultrasonic Examination. Performed as agreed between purchaser and vendor to determine pipe soundness. S1 Radiographic Examination. Performed as agreed between purchaser and vendor to determine weld soundness. S1 Corrosion Requirements. Boiling Nitric Acid or Acidified Copper Sulphate test may be specified for finished grade.
S1 Product Analysis. Performed on 1 in 10 lengths of pipe. S1 Transverse Tension Tests. For pipe >NPS 8, performed on specimen from one end of 1 in 10 lengths. S1 Flattening Tests. Performed on specimen from one or both ends of each pipe.
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2-31
A 813
Grade All TP304L TP304N TP316L TP316N TPXM-10 TPXM-11 TPXM-19 TPXM-29
Single- or Double- Welded Austenitic Steel Pipe
UNS All S30403 S30451 S31603 S31651 S21900 S21903 S20910 S24000 S31254 S30815 Tensile Strength min ksi MPa 75 515 70 485 80 550 70 485 80 550 90 620 90 620 100 690 100 690 94 650 87 600 Yield Strength min ksi 30 25 35 25 35 50 50 55 55 44 45 MPa 205 170 240 170 240 345 345 380 380 300 310
Note All = All grades listed in the chemical composition table except those identified in this table.
Heat Treatment
Grade All TP304H TP316H TP321H TP347H TP348H UNS All S30403 S31609 S32109 S34709 S34809 S31254 N08367 Temperature Temperature Treatment F C 1900 1040 Minimum solution temperature. Quench1 Minimum solution temp for cold (hot) working. 1900(1900) 1040(1040) Quench1 Minimum solution temp for cold (hot) working. 1900(1900) 1040(1040) Quench1 Minimum solution temp for cold (hot) working. 2000(1925) 1100(1050) Quench1 Minimum solution temp for cold (hot) working. 2000(1925) 1100(1050) Quench1 Minimum solution temp for cold (hot) working. 2000(1925) 1100(1050) Quench1 2100 1150 Minimum solution temperature. Quench1 2025 1107 Minimum solution temperature. Quench1
Note All = All grades listed in the chemical composition table except those identified in this table. 1 Quench in water or rapid cool by other means
Grade TP304 TP304H TP304L TP304N TP304LN TP309Cb TP309S TP310Cb UNS S30400 S30409 S30403 S30451 S30453 S30940 S30908 S31040 Composition Percentage, max or range C 0.08 0.04-0.10 0.035 0.08 0.035 0.08 0.08 0.08
Carbon Manganese
Mn 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
Phosphorus Sulphur
P 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.040 0.045 0.045 0.045
S 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030
Si 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Silicon
Ni Cr 8.00-11.0 18.0-20.0 8.00-11.0 18.0-20.0 8.00-13.0 18.0-20.0 8.00-11.0 18.0-20.0 8.00-11.0 18.0-20.0 12.00-16.00 22.00-24.00 12.00-15.00 22.00-24.00 19.00-22.00 24.00-26.00
Nickel
Chromium
Molybdenum
Mo 0.75 0.75 0.75
Note
15 1 1 2, 3 3 2, 3
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Single- or Double- Welded Austenitic Steel Pipe Chemical Composition (Continued)
Grade TP310S TP316 TP316H TP316L TP316N TP316LN TP317 TP317L TP321 TP321H TP347 TP347H TP348 TP348H TPXM-10 TPXM-11 TPXM-15 TPXM-19 TPXM-29 UNS S31008 S31600 S31609 S31603 S31651 S31653 S31700 S31703 S32100 S32109 S34700 S34709 S34800 S34809 S21900 S21904 S38100 S20910 S24000 S31254 S30815 N08367 Composition Percentage, max or range C 0.08 0.08 0.04-0.10 0.035 0.08 0.035 0.08 0.035 0.08 0.04-0.10 0.08 0.04-0.10 0.08 0.04-0.10 0.08 0.04 0.08 0.060 0.080 0.020 0.10 0.030
Carbon
A 813
Mn 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 8.00-10.00 8.00-10.00 2.00 4.00-6.00 11.5-14.5 1.00 0.80 2.00
Manganese
Phosphorus Sulphur
P 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.040 0.040 0.030 0.040 0.060 0.030 0.040 0.040
S Si Ni Cr Mo 0.030 0.75 19.00-22.00 24.00-26.00 0.75 0.030 0.75 10.0-14.0 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 0.030 0.75 10.0-14.0 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 0.030 0.75 10.0-15.0 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 0.030 0.75 10.0-14.0 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 0.030 0.75 10.0-14.0 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 0.030 0.75 11.0-14.0 18.0-20.0 3.00-4.00 0.030 0.75 11.0-15.0 18.0-20.0 3.00-4.00 0.030 0.75 9.00-13.0 17.0-20.0 0.030 0.75 9.00-13.0 17.0-20.0 0.030 0.75 9.00-13.0 17.0-20.0 0.030 0.75 9.00-13.0 17.0-20.0 0.030 0.75 9.00-13.0 17.0-20.0 0.030 0.75 9.00-13.0 17.0-20.0 0.030 1.00 5.50-7.50 19.00-21.50 0.030 1.00 5.50-7.50 19.00-21.50 0.030 1.50-2.50 17.50-18.50 17.0-19.0 0.030 1.00 11.50-13.50 20.50-23.50 1.50-3.00 0.030 1.00 2.25-3.75 17.0-19.0 0.010 0.80 17.50-18.50 19.50-20.50 6.00-6.50 0.030 1.40-2.00 10.0-12.0 20.0-22.0 0.030 1.00 23.50-25.50 20.00-22.00 6.00-7.00
Silicon
Nickel
Chromium
Molybdenum
Note 3
15 1 1
10 11 12 13 4, 12 4, 13 5 5 6 7 8 9 14
Composition Notes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Nitrogen 0.10-0.16% Niobium + Tantalum: 10 x Carbon min, 1.10% max Copper 0.75% max Tantalum 0.10% max Nitrogen 0.15-0.40% Niobium + Tantalum: 0.10-0.30%, Nitrogen 0.20-0.40%, Vanadium 0.10-0.30% Nitrogen 0.20-0.40% Nitrogen 0.180-0.220%, Copper 0.50-1.00% Nitrogen 0.14-0.20%, Cerium 0.03-0.08% Titanium: 5 x Carbon min, 0.70% max Titanium: 4 x Carbon min, 0.60% max Niobium + Tantalum >10 x Carbon and 1.00% max Niobium + Tantalum >8 x Carbon and 1.0% max Nitrogen 0.18-0.25%, Copper 0.75% max Carbon 0.040% max is necessary for pipes where many drawing passes are required, as with outside diameter <0.5in (12.7mm) or nominal wall thickness <0.049 in (1.2 mm) (minimum wall thickness <0.044 in (1.12 mm))
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ASTM A 814/A 814M - 96

Cold-Worked Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe
This specification covers two classes (SW and DW) of flanged and cold-bending quality cold-worked straight-seam single- or double-welded austenitic steel pipe intended for high-temperature and general corrosive service. Class SW is single-welded pipe and Class DW is double-welded pipe, both with no addition of filler metal. Note: Tensile Requirements, Heat Treatment, and Chemical Composition requirements are the same as defined in ASTM A 813/A 813M - 95, page 2-30.

Dimensions. All standard pipe sizes and wall thicknesses may be specified (see Section 5), subject to manufacturing limitations. Tolerances. Cross-sectional tolerances are shown in the table below. Weld may be undercut by shallow round depressions of <0.005 in (0.127 mm) max. on inside or outside, provided minimum wall thickness is not encroached. For pipe with wall thickness >0.188 in (4.8 mm), weld reinforcement up to 0.015 in (0.38 mm) is permitted on inside of pipe. Straightness. Camber shall be <0.030 in (0.8 mm) from straight per 10 ft (3m) length. Cut lengths and Length Tolerances. ASTM pipe general requirements, page 2-3, apply.
Cross-sectional tolerances Variation in Outside Diameter (OD) NPS Under Over in mm in mm 1 0.002 0.05 0.004 0.10 /8
1 3
Variation in Wall Thickness (t) Schedule 5S in mm 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.15 Schedule 10S in mm 0.004 0.10 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.13 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 Schedule 40S in mm 0.005 0.13 0.006 0.006 0.009 0.009 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.015 0.015 0.018 0.019 0.15 0.15 0.23 0.23 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.38 0.38 0.46 0.48 Schedule 80S in mm 0.006 0.15 0.009 0.010 0.011 0.011 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.23 0.25 0.28 0.28 0.36 0.36 0.38 0.38 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51
/4 /8
0.003 0.004 0.005 0.007 0.007 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.009 0.010 0.010 0.010
0.07 0.10 0.13 0.18 0.18 0.20 0.20 0.28 0.23 0.25 0.25 0.25
0.005 0.006 0.007 0.010 0.010 0.012 0.015 0.018 0.020 0.025 0.025 0.250
0.13 0.15 0.18 0.25 0.25 0.30 0.38 0.46 0.51 0.64 0.64 0.64
1/2 3
/4 1
11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 31/2 4
Manufacture

Materials. As for A 813/A 813M. Manufacture. As for A 813/A 813M. In addition, prior to final heat treatment, the weld bead is cold worked by forging, planishing, drawing, swaging or bead rolling to obtain flush condition inside and outside pipe. Heat Treatment. As for A 813/A 813M.
Marking on each length of pipe: Manufacturers make or brand, specification number, class SW or DW, WR if weld repaired, NH if no hydrotesting, HT-0 if no heat treatment. For H grades and S30815, heat number and heat treatment lot identification included.
2-34
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Cold-Worked Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe Ordering Information
Item Specification number Size Quantity Name of material Class Grade End finish Test report Options and supplementary requirements ASTM A 814/A 814M - 96 Nominal pipe size or outside diameter. Schedule or average wall thickness. Random or specified lengths. Total length or number of lengths. Welded austenitic stainless steel pipe SW or DW. If not specified, either may be supplied Selected from chemical composition table Plain ends with all burrs removed is ASTM requirement. Bevelled, or other end finishes can be specified. DIN 50049.3.1.B standard, or DIN 50049.3.1.C optional (3rd party witness test) at extra cost Refer to optional and supplementary requirements S1 to S8 Notes
A 814
Finish and Repair

Appearance. Pipes to be free of injurious imperfections and have a workmanlike finish. Repairs by Grinding. Minor imperfections may be removed by grinding provided wall thickness is
not reduced below minimum. Weld Repairs. Weld joints may be repaired by welding using compatible filler metal. Finish. Pipes are pickled free of scale. Bright
Mandatory Testing

Visual Examination of DW Pipe. Both ends of each pipe to be examined for complete fusion of both welds. Transverse or Longitudinal Tension Test. One test on a specimen for lots of <100 pipes, two for lots >100 pipes.
Flattening Test. Performed on 5% of each heat treated lot. For >NPS 10, alternative transverseguided bend test may be performed. Hydrostatic Test. Performed on each pipe. Lot Sizes. A lot is up to 400 lengths for pipes <NPS 2, 200 lengths for pipes NPS 2 to NPS 5, and 100 lengths for pipes >NPS 5.
Product Analysis of one length of flat rolled stock from each heat, or one pipe from each lot, may be requested. Conformance with chemical composition table is required. Product Analysis. Performed on 1 in 10 lengths of pipe. Transverse Tension Tests. For pipe > NPS 8, performed on specimen from one end of 1 in 10 lengths. Flattening Tests. Performed on specimen from one or both ends of each pipe. Etching Tests. Performed on cross section from one or both ends of each pipe. Tests show homogeneity of the pipe. Pipe shall S1 be free from harmful defects such as laminations, cracks. Reject or re-test if fail. Eddy Current Examination. Performed as agreed between purchaser and vendor to determine pipe soundness. Ultrasonic Examination. Performed as agreed between purchaser and vendor. Corrosion Requirements. Boiling Nitric Acid or Acidified Copper Sulphate test may be specified for finished grade. Flange Test. Performed on one section of pipe. Flange shall be >15% of OD.
S1 S1
S1 S1
S1 S1
S1
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2-35
ASTM A 928/A 928M - 94

Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steel Pipe Electric Fusion Welded with Addition of Filler Metal
This specification covers electric-fusion-welded steel pipe suitable for corrosive service. Five classes of pipe are covered.
Dimensions. All standard pipe sizes and wall thicknesses may be specified.
Manufacture

Materials. As listed in the heat treatment table. Manufacture. Five classes of pipe are as follows: Class 1 - Double-welded pipe, welded using filler metal in all passes and radiographed completely. Class 2 - Double-welded pipe, welded using filler metal in all passes but not radiographed. Class 3 - Single-welded pipe, welded using filler metal in all passes and radiographed completely. Class 4 - Same as Class 3 except that weld pass exposed to the inside of the pipe surface may be made without filler metal.
Class 5 - Double-welded pipe, welded using filler metal in all passes and spot radiographed. Heat treatment. Refer to heat treatment table. Marking on each length of pipe: Manufacturers make or brand, specification number, class, WR if weld repaired, NH if no hydro-testing, HT-0 if no heat treatment. For H grades and S30815, heat number and heat treatment lot identification included.
Finish and Repair

Appearance. The pipe shall have a workmanlike finish. Defect Removal by Machining or Grinding. Defects may be repaired by machining or grinding, provided the wall thickness is not reduced below the minimum. Defect Repair by Welding. Defects which violate minimum wall thickness can be repaired by welding if the purchaser agrees. Unless otherwise specified, heat treatment or retreatment must follow repair. If the repair depth is >1/4 wall thickness, pressure and nondestructive testing or retesting is required. Finish. Pipe will be free of scale and contaminating iron particles. Bright annealed pipe need not be pickled, blasted or have other surface finishing. The purchaser may request a passivating treatment.
Mandatory Testing

Heat Analysis. To be performed on the plate in accordance with ASTM A 240 (see page 1-14). Transverse Guided-Bend Weld Test. One test (two specimens) per lot. One face guided- and one root guided-bend test performed. For wall thicknesses >3/8 in (9.5 mm) to <3/4 in (19 mm), alternative side-bend tests may be performed. For wall thicknesses >3/4 in (19 mm), side-bend tests are performed. Cracks after bending <1/8 in (3 mm) are acceptable. Nondestructive Test. Hydrostatic or eddy current test to be performed on each pipe.
Radiographic Examination. Performed prior to heat treatment in accordance with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII paragraph UW-51 (for Classes 1, 3 and 4), or UW52 (for Class 5). For Classes 1, 3 and 4 pipe, all welded joints are examined completely. For Class 5, welded joints are spot radiographed over 12 in (300 mm) minimum, every 50 ft (15m). Lot Sizes. A lot is up to 400 lengths for pipes <NPS 2, 200 lengths for pipes NPS 2 to NPS 5, and 100 lengths for pipes >NPS 5.
2-36
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Duplex Pipe Welded with Filler Metal Ordering Information
Item Specification number Size Quantity Name of material Class Grade Applicable ASME Code ASTM A 928/A 928M - 94 Nominal pipe size or outside diameter. Schedule or average wall thickness. Random or specified lengths. Total length or number of lengths. Electric-fusion-welded duplex stainless steel pipe 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 Selected from chemical composition table If known. For ASME Code Section III applications, intended service classification and certification requirements are required. Plain ends with all burrs removed is ASTM requirement. Bevelled, or other end finishes can be specified. DIN 50049.3.1.B standard, or DIN 50049.3.1.C optional (3rd party witness test) at extra cost Refer to optional and supplementary requirements S1 to S4 Notes
A 928
End finish Test report Options and supplementary requirements
Product Analysis. If requested by purchaser, performed on one length of flat rolled stock from each heat, or on the base metal and weld deposit from two pipes in each lot. Circumferential Welded Joints. Permitted if of the same quality as longitudinal welds, and if agreed with purchaser. Repair of plate defects by welding and subsequent heat treatment requires authorisation S1 Product Analysis. Performed on each length of pipe. S1 Tension and Bend Tests. As mandatory testing but performed on each length of pipe. S1 Penetration Oil and Powder Examination. All welded joints to be subjected to examination by a method agreed with the purchaser S1 Ferrite Control in Weld Deposits. The ferrite content of the deposited weld metal in any length of pipe may be determined by a method agreed with the purchaser.
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2-37
A 928
Duplex Pipe Welded with Filler Metal

UNS S31803 S31500 S32550 S31200 S31260 S32304 S32750 S32760 S32900 S32950 Tensile Strength min ksi 90 92 110 100 100 87 116 108 90 100 MPa 620 630 760 690 690 600 795 750 620 690 Yield Strength min ksi 65 64 80 65 70 58 80 80 70 70 MPa 450 440 550 450 485 400 550 550 485 485 Elongation in 2 in (50 mm) min % 25 30 15 25 20 25 15 25 15 15 Brinell Hardness HB max 293 290 302 293 290 290 310 270 269 293 Rockwell Hardness HRC max 31 30.5 32 31 32 32 28 32
Note Tensile and hardness requirements are the same as for the plate from which the pipe is made (ASTM A 240/A 240M). The above values are therefore extracted from ASTM A 240/A 240M - 1996, except the values for S31500 which are assumed to be the same as required in ASTM A 790/A 790M - 1995.
Heat Treatment
UNS S31803 S31500 S31200 S32550 S31260 S32304 S32750 S32900 S32950 Temperature Temperature Treatment F C 1870-2010 1020-1100 Heat treatment temperature range. Rapid cooling in air or water 1800-1900 980-1040 Heat treatment temperature range. Rapid cooling in air or water 1920-2010 1050-1100 Heat treatment temperature range. Rapid cooling in water 1900 min 1040 min Heat treatment temperature. Rapid cooling in air or water 1870-2010 1020-1100 Heat treatment temperature range. Rapid cooling in water 1700-1920 925-1050 Heat treatment temperature range. Rapid cooling in air or water 1880-2060 1025-1125 Heat treatment temperature range. Rapid cooling in air or water 1700-1750 925-955 Heat treatment temperature range. Rapid cooling in air or water 1820-1880 990-1025 Heat treatment temperature range. Rapid cooling in air or water
Refer to the ASTM A 240 Comparative Chemistry Table, page 1-14, for the chemical composition of the grades listed in the heat treatment table.
2-38
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ASTM A 943/A 943M - 95

Spray-Formed Seamless Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe
This specification covers spray-formed seamless austenitic stainless steel pipe intended for high temperature and general corrosive service.
Dimensions. All standard pipe sizes and wall thicknesses may be specified (see Section 5).
Manufacture

Materials. As listed in the heat treatment table. Manufacture. The pipe is made by spraying the melt on to a thin walled collector tube. The asspray formed pipe is machined on inner and outer surfaces. Heat treatment. Refer to heat treatment table.
Marking on each length of pipe: Manufacturers make or brand, specification number, NH if no hydro-testing, CF if cold finishing is performed, S7 if minimum wall pipe. For H grades and S30815 add: heat number, heat treatment and lot identification.
Finish and Repair

Appearance. The pipe shall have a workmanlike finish. Defect Removal. Defects may be repaired by machining or grinding, provided the wall thickness is not reduced below the minimum.
Finish. Pipe will be free of scale and contaminating iron particles. Bright annealed pipe need not be pickled, or blasted. The purchaser may request a passivating treatment.
Mandatory Testing

Transverse or Longitudinal Tension Test. One test per lot of not more than 100 pipes. Flattening Test. Tests on 5% of pipe, or not less than two pipes, from each heat treated lot. Nondestructive Test. Hydrostatic or nondestructive electric test to be performed on each pipe.
Grain Size. Performed, when required, in accordance with Test Method E 112, on the same quantity of pipes as for the flattening test. Grades TP304H, TP316H, TP321H, TP347H and TP348H shall be ASTM No. 7 or coarser. Grades TP309H, TP309HCb, TP310H and TP310HCb shall be ASTM No. 6 or coarser.
Product Analysis. If requested by purchaser, performed on two pipes per lot. S1 Stabilising Heat Treatment. Applicable to grades TP309HCb, TP310HCb, TP321, TP321H, TP347, TP347H and TP348H. Stabilisation heat treatment is at temperature lower than used for initial solution annealing. Temperature to be agreed with purchaser. S1 Intergranular Corrosion Test. Material to be tested in accordance with Practice A 262, Practice E. S5 may be necessary to obtain pass. S1 Minimum Wall Pipe. Pipe to be furnished on minimum wall basis.
S1 Product Analysis. To be performed on 10% of pipe lengths. S1 Traverse Tension Tests. To be performed on 10% of pipe lengths if >NPS 8. S1 Flattening Test. To be performed on one or both ends of each pipe. S1 Etching Tests. To be performed on one or both ends of each pipe in accordance with Method E 381 as appropriate.
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2-39
A 943
Spray-Formed Seamless Austenitic Pipe
Item Specification number Size ASTM A 943/A 943M - 95 Nominal pipe size or outside diameter. Schedule or average wall thickness. Specify supplementary requirement S7 for minimum wall. Random or specified lengths. Total length or number of lengths. Austenitic stainless steel pipe. Selected from the chemical composition table. Plain ends with all burrs removed is ASTM requirement. Bevelled, or other end finishes can be specified. DIN 50049.3.1.B standard, or DIN 50049.3.1.C optional (3rd party witness test) at extra cost. Refer to optional and supplementary requirements S1 to S7. Notes
Quantity Name of material Grade End finish Test report Options and supplementary requirements
Tensile Strength min Grade All TP304L TP304N TP316L TP316N TPXM-10 TPXM-11 TPXM-19 TPXM-29 UNS ksi All S30403 S30451 S31603 S31651 S21900 S21903 S20910 S24000 S31254 S30815 75 70 80 70 80 90 90 100 100 94 87 MPa 515 485 550 485 550 620 620 690 690 650 600 ksi 30 25 35 25 35 50 50 55 55 44 45 MPa 205 170 240 170 240 345 345 380 380 300 310 Yield Strength min Elongation in 2 in (50 mm) or 4D, min Longitudinal % 35 Transverse % 25 -
Note All = All grades listed or referenced in the chemical composition table except those identified in this table.
Heat Treatment
Grade All TP304H TP316H TP321H TP347H TP348H UNS All S30403 S31600 S32109 S34709 S34809 S31254 S30815 Temperature F 1900 1900(1900) 1900(1900) 2000(1925) 2000(1925) 2000(1925) 2100 1920 Temperature C 1040 1040(1040) 1040(1040) 1100(1050) 1100(1050) 1100(1050) 1150 1050 Treatment Minimum solution temperature. Quench1 Minimum solution temp for cold (hot) working. Quench1 Minimum solution temp for cold (hot) working. Quench1 Minimum solution temp for cold (hot) working. Quench1 Minimum solution temp for cold (hot) working. Quench1 Minimum solution temp for cold (hot) working. Quench1 Minimum solution temperature. Quench1 Minimum solution temperature. Quench1
Notes All = All grades listed or referenced in the chemical composition table except those identified in this table. 1 Quench in water or rapid cool by other means
2-40
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Spray-Formed Seamless Austenitic Pipe Chemical Composition
Grade TP304 TP304H TP304L TP304N TP304LN TP309Cb TP309S TP310Cb TP310S TP316 TP316H TP316L TP316N TP316LN TP317 TP317L TP321 TP321H TP347 TP347H TP348 TP348H TPXM-10 TPXM-11 TPXM-15 TPXM-19 TPXM-29 TP309H TP309HCb TP310H TP310HCb UNS S30400 S30409 S30403 S30451 S30453 S30940 S30908 S31040 S31008 S31600 S31609 S31603 S31651 S31653 S31700 S31703 S32100 S32109 S34700 S34709 S34800 S34809 S21900 S21904 S38100 S20910 S24000 S31254 S30815 S30909 S30941 S31009 S31050 S30600 S31725 S31726 S32615 S34565 Composition Percentage, max or range C 0.08 0.04-0.10 0.035 0.08 0.035 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.04-0.10 0.035 0.08 0.035 0.08 0.035 0.08 0.04-0.10 0.08 0.04-0.10 0.08 0.04-0.10 0.08 0.04 0.08 0.060 0.080 0.020 0.10 0.04-0.10 0.04-0.10 0.04-0.10 0.04-0.10 0.25 0.018 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.03
Carbon
A 943
Molybdenum
Mn 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 8.00-10.00 8.00-10.00 2.00 4.00-6.00 11.5-14.5 1.00 0.80 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 5.0-7.0
Manganese
Phosphorus Sulphur
P 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.040 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.040 0.040 0.030 0.040 0.060 0.030 0.040 0.040 0.045 0.040 0.045 0.020 0.02 0.040 0.040 0.045 0.030
S 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.010 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.015 0.02 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.010
Si Ni 0.75 8.00-11.0 0.75 8.00-11.0 0.75 8.00-13.0 0.75 8.00-11.0 0.75 8.00-11.0 0.75 12.00-16.00 0.75 12.00-15.00 0.75 19.00-22.00 0.75 19.00-22.00 0.75 10.0-14.0 0.75 10.0-14.0 0.75 10.0-15.0 0.75 10.0-14.0 0.75 10.0-14.0 0.75 11.0-14.0 0.75 11.0-15.0 0.75 9.00-13.0 0.75 9.00-13.0 0.75 9.00-13.0 0.75 9.00-13.0 0.75 9.00-13.0 0.75 9.00-13.0 1.00 5.50-7.50 1.00 5.50-7.50 1.50-2.50 17.50-18.50 1.00 11.50-13.50 1.00 2.25-3.75 0.80 17.50-18.50 1.40-2.00 10.0-12.0 0.75 12.0-15.0 0.75 12.0-16.0 0.75 19.0-22.0 0.75 19.0-22.0 0.4 20.5-23.5 3.7-4.3 14.0-15.5 0.75 13.5-17.5 0.75 13.5-17.5 04.8-6.0 19.0-22.0 1.00 16.0-18.0
Silicon
Nickel
Note Cr Mo 18.0-20.0 18.0-20.0 18.0-20.0 14 18.0-20.0 1 18.0-20.0 1 22.00-24.00 0.75 2, 3 22.00-24.00 0.75 3 24.00-26.00 0.75 2, 3 24.00-26.00 0.75 3 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 14 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 1 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 1 18.0-20.0 3.00-4.00 18.0-20.0 3.00-4.00 17.0-20.0 10 17.0-20.0 11 17.0-20.0 12 17.0-20.0 13 17.0-20.0 4, 12 17.0-20.0 4, 13 19.00-21.50 5 19.00-21.50 5 17.0-19.0 20.50-23.50 1.50-3.00 6 17.0-19.0 7 19.50-20.50 6.00-6.50 8 20.0-22.0 9 22.0-24.0 22.0-24.0 0.75 2 24.0-26.0 24.0-26.0 0.75 2 24.0-26.0 1.6-2.6 15 17.0-18.5 0.20 16 18.0-20.0 4.0-5.0 17 17.0-22.0 4.0-5.0 18 16.5-19.5 0.3-1.5 19 23.0-25.0 4.0-5.0 20
Chromium
Aalco Tel. 01932 250100 Fax: 01932 250101
2-41
A 943
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Spray-Formed Seamless Austenitic Pipe
Composition Notes
Nitrogen 0.10-0.16% Niobium + Tantalum: 10 x Carbon min, 1.10% max Copper 0.75% max Tantalum 0.10% max Nitrogen 0.15-0.40% Niobium + Tantalum: 0.10-0.30%, Nitrogen 0.20-0.40%, Vanadium 0.10-0.30% Nitrogen 0.20-0.40% Nitrogen 0.180-0.220%, Copper 0.50-1.00% Nitrogen 0.14-0.20%, Cerium 0.03-0.08% Titanium: 5 x Carbon min, 0.70% max Titanium: 4 x Carbon min, 0.60% max Niobium + Tantalum >10 x Carbon and 1.00% max Niobium + Tantalum >8 x Carbon and 1.0% max Carbon 0.040% max is necessary for pipes where many drawing passes are required, as with outside diameter <0.5in (12.7mm) or nominal wall thickness <0.049 in (1.2 mm) (minimum wall thickness <0.044 in (1.12 mm)) Nitrogen 0.09-0.15% Copper 0.50% max Nitrogen 0.10% max, Copper 0.75% max Nitrogen 0.10-0.20%, Copper 0.75% max Copper 1.5-2.5% max Niobium + Tantalum 0.10% max, Nitrogen 0.4-0.6% max
2-42
Aalco Tel. 01932 250100 Fax: 01932 250101
ASTM A 949/A 949M - 95

Spray-Formed Seamless Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steel Pipe
This specification covers spray-formed seamless duplex stainless steel pipe intended for general corrosive service, with particular emphasis on resistance to stress corrosion cracking. These stainless steels may be susceptible to embrittlement if used for long periods at high temperatures.
Dimensions. All standard pipe sizes and wall thicknesses may be specified (see Section 5).
Manufacture

Materials. As listed in the heat treatment table. Manufacture. The pipe is made by spraying the melt on to a thin walled collector tube. The assprayed formed pipe is machined on inner and outer surfaces.
Heat treatment. Refer to heat treatment table. Marking on each length of pipe: Manufacturers make or brand, specification number, CF if cold finishing is performed. If requested for pipe >NPS 4, the weight is included.
Finish and Repair

Appearance. The pipe shall have a workmanlike finish. Defect Removal. Defects may be repaired by machining or grinding, provided the wall thickness is not reduced below the minimum.
Finish. Pipe will be free of scale and contaminating iron particles. Bright annealed pipe need not be pickled, or blasted. The purchaser may request a passivating treatment.
Mandatory Testing

Transverse or Longitudinal Tension Test. One test per lot of not more than 100 pipes. Flattening Test. Tests on 5% of pipe, or not less than two pipes, from each heat treated lot.
Nondestructive Test. Hydrostatic or nondestructive electric test to be performed on each pipe.

Product Analysis. If requested by purchaser, performed on two pipes per lot. Weight marking. For pipe >NPS 4 the weight may be requested in the pipe marking. S1 Traverse Tension Tests. To be performed on 10% of pipe lengths if >NPS 8. S1 Flattening Test. To be performed on one or both ends of each pipe. S1 Etching Tests. To be performed on one or both ends of each pipe in accordance with Method E 381 as appropriate.
S1 Product Analysis. To be performed on 10% of pipe lengths.
Aalco Tel. 01932 250100 Fax: 01932 250101
2-43
A 949
Spray-Formed Seamless Duplex Pipe
Item Specification number Size Quantity Name of material Grade End finish Test report Options and supplementary requirements ASTM A 949/A 949M - 95 Nominal pipe size or outside diameter. Schedule or average wall thickness. Random or specified lengths. Total length or number of lengths. Duplex stainless steel pipe. Selected from the chemical composition table. Plain ends with all burrs removed is ASTM requirement. Bevelled, or other end finishes can be specified. DIN 50049.3.1.B standard, or DIN 50049.3.1.C optional (3rd party witness test) at extra cost. Refer to optional and supplementary requirements S1 to S4. Notes

UNS S31803 S31500 S31200 S32550 S31260 S32304 S32750 S32900 S32950 Tensile Strength min ksi 90 92 110 100 100 87 116 90 90 MPa 620 630 760 690 690 600 800 620 620 Yield Strength min ksi 65 64 80 65 65 58 80 70 70 MPa 450 440 550 450 450 400 550 485 485 Elongation in 2 in (50 mm) min % 25 30 15 25 25 25 15 20 20 Brinell Hardness HB max 290 290 297 280 290 310 271 290 Rockwell Hardness HRC max 30.5 30.5 31.5 30.5 32 28 30.5
Heat Treatment
UNS S31803 S31500 S31200 S32550 S31260 S32304 S32750 S32900 S32950 Temperature Temperature Treatment F C 1870-2010 1020-1100 Heat treatment temperature range. Rapid cooling in air or water 1800-1900 980-1040 Heat treatment temperature range. Rapid cooling in air or water 1920-2010 1050-1100 Heat treatment temperature range. Rapid cooling in water 1900 min 1040 min Heat treatment temperature. Rapid cooling in air or water 1870-2010 1020-1100 Heat treatment temperature range. Rapid cooling in water 1700-1920 925-1050 Heat treatment temperature range. Rapid cooling in air or water 1880-2060 1025-1125 Heat treatment temperature range. Rapid cooling in air or water 1700-1750 925-955 Heat treatment temperature range. Rapid cooling in air or water 1820-1880 995-1025 Heat treatment temperature range. Air cool
Refer to the Chemical Compositions - ASTM A 240, page 1-14, for the chemical composition of the grades listed in the heat treatment table.
2-44
Aalco Tel. 01932 250100 Fax: 01932 250101

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ASTM Pipe Specifications

Section 2 ASTM Pipe Specifications

2-24 2-27 2-30 2-34 2-36

A 943/A 943M - 95 A 949/A 949M - 95

Tel. 01932 250100

Fax: 01932 250101

ASTM Pipe Specifications

ASTM Pipe - General Requirements

Applications and General Coverage

Dimensions and Tolerances

A 731 A790 A 813 A 814 A 872 A 928 A 943 A 949

All Std Std

All Std Specd

Cut lengths Tolerances

>NPS 8 NSP 14-30, light wall Std Specd2 Std Specd

Aalco Tel. 01932 250100 Fax: 01932 250101

ASTM Pipe Specifications

ASTM Pipe - General Requirements

Weight3 Under % 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 5 5 5 Over % 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Over in 0.015 0.031 0.062 0.093 0.093 0.125 0.156 0.187

Aalco Tel. 01932 250100 Fax: 01932 250101

ASTM Pipe Specifications

ASTM Pipe - General Requirements

Finish and Repair

Aalco Tel. 01932 250100 Fax: 01932 250101

ASTM Pipe Specifications

ASTM Pipe - General Requirements

Aalco Tel. 01932 250100 Fax: 01932 250101

ASTM Pipe Specifications

ASTM Pipe - General Requirements

Optional and Supplementary Requirements

Aalco Tel. 01932 250100 Fax: 01932 250101

ASTM Pipe Specifications

ASTM A 312/A 312M - 95a

Dimensions and Tolerances

Tolerances. ASTM pipe general requirements, page 2-2, apply.

Finish and Repair

Aalco Tel. 01932 250100 Fax: 01932 250101

ASTM Pipe Specifications

Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes

Optional and Supplementary Requirements

Aalco Tel. 01932 250100 Fax: 01932 250101

ASTM Pipe Specifications

Aalco Tel. 01932 250100 Fax: 01932 250101

ASTM Pipe Specifications

Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes

Aalco Tel. 01932 250100 Fax: 01932 250101

ASTM Pipe Specifications

TP347LN S34751 S35315 N08367 N08904

2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00

0.040 0045 0.040 0.045

17.0-20.0 24.0-26.0 20.0-22.0 19.0-23.0

0.030 0.75 34.0-36.0 0.030 1.00 23.50-25.50 0.035 1.00 23.0-28.0

Note Niobium is sometimes referred to as Columbium

Aalco Tel. 01932 250100 Fax: 01932 250101

ASTM Pipe Specifications

ASTM A 358/A 358M - 95a

Dimensions and Tolerances

Finish and Repair

Aalco Tel. 01932 250100 Fax: 01932 250101

ASTM Pipe Specifications

End finish Test report Options and supplementary requirements

Optional and Supplementary Requirements