Chapter 8 & 9 Study Guide

1. What is the hadith? [A] a collection of Persian poems [B] a collection of Muhammads words and deeds [C] a collection of Muslim writings during the Crusades [D] a style of Persian miniature paintings [E] a fashionable Syrian textile style 2. Which of the following is not true about the Crusades? [A] They were a series of religiously inspired campaigns. [B] Prior to the Crusades, Muslim leaders generally protected Christian pilgrims. [C] The Pope promised atonement from sins for the Crusaders. [D] The Crusades were successful. [E] Economic forces such as the desire to increase trade and land hunger were contributing factors. 3. Which of the following was not occurring in Europe by the year 1200? [A] Muslim invaders were making serious inroads into Western Europe. [B] Byzantium was showing military weakness. [C] Western Europe was demonstrating military strength. [D] Byzantium was in decline. [E] Western Europe was showing new vitality. 4. Which of the following is not associated with the rise of the mounted warrior as the paramount force on the battlefield? [A] the breeding of small, grain-fed fighting horses [B] the development of armor for horses and knights

[C] the creation of a hereditary nobility [D] technological improvements such as the stirrup [E] a poor peasantry and serfdom 5. Muhammad conceived Islam after [A] experiencing revelations. [B] reading the Bible. [C] being possessed by a shaitan. [D] dreaming about Ishmael from the Old Testament. [E] many years of religious study in the mosque. 6. Muhammads teachings seem to be in agreement with [A] Judaism and Buddhism. [B] Judaism and Manichaeism. [C] Judaism and Hinduism. [D] Judaism and Christianity. [E] Judaism and Zoroastrianism. 7. What Scandinavian raiders built kingdoms in Iceland, Greenland, and Vinland? [A] Ostrogoths [B] Muslims [C] Visigoths [D] Franks [E] Vikings 8. In general, which of the following did not occur during Europes transformation at the decline of Roman authority?

[A] The city of Rome lost its prominence as the seat of the Roman Church. [B] Roman traditions were replaced with family-based German traditions. [C] The population depended on local strongmen rather than on monarchs. [D] There was increasing political fragmentation. [E] A legal framework disappeared. 9. Why is the martyrdom of Husayn a significant event in Muslim history? [A] It marks the end of the Muslim expansion. [B] It marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. [C] It marks the beginning of Muslim expansion. [D] It marks the anniversary of Jesus crucifixion. [E] It marks the beginning of the sect of Shiism. 10. After Muhammads death, the Muslim community [A] held general elections to replace Muhammad. [B] chose a caliph, Abu Bakr. [C] abandoned the orthodox teachings of Islam. [D] embraced his wife, Khadija, as his successor. [E] searched the entire peninsula for a suitable successor, according to Muhammads last instructions. 11. How did the Byzantines differ from their western counterparts? [A] They were a completely secular society. [B] Unlike in the West, they suffered no challenges to Church orthodoxy or organization. [C] They continued the pattern of Roman rule. [D] They were mostly pagans. [E] They dominated trade in the Mediterranean.

12. Why is the Abbasid rule considered a golden age? [A] It used gold as the standard coinage throughout the empire. [B] It is marked by the rule of the golden monarch, Abu Bakr. [C] It created a refined and cosmopolitan culture in Baghdad. [D] It used the golden cow as the focus of religious worship. [E] The Spanish region was considered the golden frontier. 13. Under Islamic leadership, the Jewish people of Spain [A] experienced a diaspora to Eastern Europe. [B] contributed to the cultural growth of Spain as great thinkers and writers. [C] experienced enormous discrimination. [D] were frequently arrested and persecuted. [E] passed laws ensuring the ascension of Jews to the Spanish throne. 14. The term investiture controversy refers to the [A] conflict over choosing new popes. [B] struggle for control of ecclesiastical appointments. [C] issue of whether a noble could marry a commoner. [D] amount of power local priests were allowed. [E] debate over how to invest Church funds. 15. Schisms, the foremost threat to the Christian church in the Middle Ages, were [A] disagreements between priests and lay followers. [B] formal divisions over differences in doctrine. [C] disputes between bishops concerning church lands. [D] arguments between local priests and the pope.

[E] disagreements between kings and church leaders. 16. The ulama were [A] outcasts. [B] religious scholars. [C] a hired foreign military force. [D] rural leaders. [E] government officials. 17. The Muslims fought the Battle of the Camel in a dispute over the [A] compilation of the Quran. [B] Nestorian control of Yemenite lands. [C] control of the royal treasury. [D] legitimacy of Ali as caliph. [E] appointment of Abu Bakr. 18. The Muslim leader who successfully fought the European Crusades was [A] Temujin. [B] Ibn Rushd. [C] Omar. [D] Saladin. [E] Tamerlane. 19. The division of the Muslim community grew because some believed that [A] the Arab world should focus on developing the Middle East. [B] Allah was the only god. [C] Ali was the legitimate religious leader after Muhammad.

[D] there should be no separation between church and state. [E] the enslavement of the Christians was heresy. 20. In Kievan Russia, power derived from [A] mining. [B] warfare. [C] land holding [D] religion. [E] trade.