More than bricks and mortar

REm Maraga Tshivhase Maraga-Tshivhase 0610531p Theory and History of Architecture III ARPL: 3021

ThemeofInquiry Spaceholdspower,thereforewhatcanbesaidofthebuildingsthathousespaceandtheinstitutions theyrepresent,thisgoesfurtherthanjustbricksandmortar,intotothefabricofsociety. Theresearchpaperwillseektodiscusstheinfluencesbetweenmuseumsandaudiencegroups(this goesfurtherthanjustthosewhovisitorfrequentmuseums)andincludesthegeneralpublic. Muchofthediscussionwilldealwiththeideaofthemuseuminrelationtospace,memory,powerand community. Itwillconcentrateonthepowerofmuseumsandtheirabilitytoaffectandimplementchangeand It will concentrate on the power of museums and their ability to affect and implement change and progressandthepositionofminoritygroupsindealingwithmuseumsthatholdtheirculturalheritage. Museumsholdanunderestimatedpowerovertheirpublic.Also,theresearchpaperwillseekto illustratehowarchitectsandthoseinapositiontoimplementchange,thepubliccandotousethis power.Lookingnotonlyatthephysicalbuildinganditsconstructionbutalsothenatureinthe building(s)communicateandbegintosetupanarrativewiththeuseroroccupant. Furtherthantheabovementionedthepaperwilllookatwhethermuseumsserve,asportalstothe past(thereforeactingaswarehousesofpain)representingformsofpoliticalviolenceandsufferingthat hasoccurredorasanaidtobuildingabetterfurtherandthereforecanbecometoolsfornationbuilding (thenotionofthemuseumasanationbuildingtoolstemsfromthepowerheldbythemuseum)

KeyQuestions Howmuseumscomeintobeing,lookingatthesocial,economic,culturalandpoliticalinfluences.With themainfocusonpoliticalandsocialinfluences. Whatistheroleofmuseumsplaywithinsocietyanditrelationtosociety(theirrelevanceinregardto What is the role of museums play within society and it relation to society (their relevance in regard to civicpurpose,engagementandoverallengagement) Canmuseumsbeviewedasinstitutionsofpower Doandcanmuseumsdeferthedreamsanddevelopmentofacountryorgroupofindividualit represents. Thepowerheldbythehistoryheldorshowninmuseumsandtheeffectithasontheviewer Howdomuseumscommunicatewiththecommunity,thisisessentialasitisthepointatwhichthe influenceofthemuseumissharedwiththeuser. Theassociationbetweenspace,memory,powerandcommunityinthemuseumcontext.

DelineationofStudy SouthAfrica: Lookingattheapartheidsystem,thedemographicsystem(1980s2005) TheApartheidmuseum(2004) TheConstitutionalCourt(19972004) Germany: USA: Liberskins JewishMemorial SimonWiesental MuseumofTolerance,MOT(1993) U.S.HolocaustMonumentMuseum,Washington,DC(1993)

ResearchMethodandIntendedLayout y Introduction: Howmuseumscomeabout,variousfactorsthatinfluencetheirconstruction,social,economical, culturalandpolitical. Theimplicationsofmuseums: The implications of museums: Museums(civicinstitutions)exploringarefunction,whethertheyarerelevantorIrrelevant, TherapeuticorRegressive HistoryofMuseums,monumentsandmemorials,inordertoestablishthepowerhowmuseums holdofpeople. Classification&context: Cl ifi ti & t t Throughtheuseofchosenbuildingsthethisresearchpaperlookingattheconstitutionalcourtand itsprecinct,Liberskinds Jewishmuseum,theapartheidmuseum.Lookingatthemannerinwhich theybegintoconstructanarrative. Thepublic/community: Withoutwhichthemuseumcannotexistorhaveinfluence,lookingatthemannerinwhichtheyare representedandconsideredinregardtothemuseum.Asboththeobjectofthenarrative,lookingat thehistoryofthepeoplethisbeginstolookatthepoliticsofthepeopleandthebaseforthe constructionofthemuseum.Thepeopleorpublicastheaudience,Themannerinwhichtheyare effectedbythemuseumexperience,whetherthisispositiveornegativeandwhetherthisfeelingor p emotionisspreadtoothers. ThePsychologicalofSpaceandattachedtheory: Exploringcommonpsychologicaltheoriesassociatedwithspacetobetterunderstandaswellexplain toimplicationsandintentofcertainspaces,andthemannerinwhichthisisachieved.Lookingatthe powerheldbyaspace. MuseumsasPowerinstitutes: TheExploringthepowerthatisheldbyamuseum,thiswillbegintheoverwiththehistoryof museumslookingathowmuseumswereusedtocelebratedominanceandhowthispracticegrew tobecomeaninfluenceonthepeopleitrepresented.

Conclusion: Museumshaveacertainpoweroverthemeaningofhistoryasitisclassifiedandgiven context,bythemannerinwhichitispresentedtothepublic. Museumstellstoriesofcultures,historywhichcanbedescribedasaversionofthetruthtold throughobjectandvariousmedia. Sincemuseumsdealwiththereal,thestoriestold..museumshaveauthority;people regardthemasthetruth.(Sloof;2003) Itisessentialthatthepublicrealizethispowerofmuseums,especiallyminoritygroups whoseheritageisinthehandsofwesternmuseumstrytoregainsomeauthorityovertheir heritage. TheConstitutionalCourtanditsPrecinctareanexampleofhowamuseumsand communitygroupscanbegintotellaprofoundstoryoftheirhistoryandculture,thatis structuredinawaythatallowsforprogressbeyondthewallsofthatbuilding. Thebenefitsofamuseumthatisreflectiveonbothpastandthoughtofthepresentand further,ratherthanamuseumthatisentrenchedinthepastas,"visitorsmightgainmore fromexhibitionary spacesthedefythehighlychoreographed,usertested,education departmentapprovedmodelthatcharacterizeshighlyprofessionalizedmuseum work.(Williams;2007;182)

Literature Review
Museumorigins:readingsinearlymuseumhistoryand philosophy/editedbyHughH.Genoways andMaryAnneAndrei. philosophy / edited by Hugh H. Genoways and Mary Anne Andrei. WalnutCreek,CA:LeftCoastPress,c2008. Coombes,AnnieE. ReinventingAfrica:museums,materialcultureandpopular imaginationinlateVictorianandEdwardianEngland. NewHaven:YaleUniversityPress,1994. Coombes,AnnieE. Historyafterapartheid:visualcultureandpublicmemoryina democraticSouthAfrica/AnnieE.Coombes. Johannesburg:WitsUniversityPress,2004. Contemporaryartandthemuseum:aglobalperspective/Peter Weibel,AndreaBuddensieg ( d ) t t b R h d W ib l A d B dd i (eds.);textsbyRasheed Araeen ...[etal.]. Ostfildern :Hatje Cantz :[Distributedinthe]U.S.A/North America,D.A.P.,DistributedArtPublishers,c2007. Reinventingthemuseum:historicalandcontemporaryperspectives ontheparadigmshift/editedbyGailAnderson. WalnutCreek,Calif.:AltaMira Press,c2004. Foucault,Michel. Power/Knowledge:selectedinterviewsandotherwritings,19721977. NewYork:HarvesterWheatsheaf,1980. g y TheFoucaulteffect:studiesingovernmentality :withtwo lecturesbyandaninterviewwithMichelFoucault/editedby GrahamBurchell,ColinGordonandPeterMiller. Chicago:UniversityofChicagoPress,c1991. Brown,Wendy. Regulatingaversion:toleranceintheageofidentityandempire/WendyBrown. Princeton,N.J.:PrincetonUniversityPress,c2006. Princeton N J : Princeton University Press c2006 Noble,JonathanAlfred. Africanidentityinpostapartheidpublicarchitecture:white skin,blackmasks/byJonathanAlfredNoble. Farnham ;Burlington,VT:Ashgate Pub.,c2011. Williams,Paul. Williams Paul MemorialMuseums;theglobalrushtocommemorate atrocities/byPaulWilliams. Oxford;NewYork:Berg2007

NumberFour:themakingofConstitutionHill. Johannesburg:PenguinBooks(SouthAfrica),2006. ConstitutionHillmasterplan,Johannesburg/preparedforthe DepartmentofPublicWorksandtheDepartmentofArts,Culture, ScienceandTechnologybytheConsultantTeamandOMMDesign WorkshopandUrbanSolutionsstaff. Johannesburg:[s.n.],2001. Keythinkersonspaceandplace/editedbyPhilHubbard,Rob Kitchin andGillValentine. London;ThousandOaks:Sage,2004. ; g , Deckler,Thorsten. ContemporarySouthAfricanarchitectureinalandscapeof transition/ThorstenDecker,AnneGraupner,HenningRasmuss. CapeTown:DoubleStoreyBooks,2006. Lightonahill:buildingtheConstitutionalCourtofSouth Light on a hill : building the Constitutional Court of South Africa/editedbyBronwynLawViljoen ;photographybyAngela Buckland. Parkwood,SouthAfrica:DavidKrut Publishing,[2006]

Thepowerofmuseums Ms.EstherSloof onthe2003ACSN Ms Esther Sloof on the 2003 ACSN seminar. Colonialpower,colonialtexts:IndiainthemodernBritishnovel ByM.KeithBooker ThePoweroftheObject: MuseumsandWorldWarII Esben Kjeldbk Museumrevolutions:howmuseumsandchangeandarechanged BySimonJ.Knell,SuzanneMacleod,SheilaE.R.Watson Space,knowledgeandpower:Foucaultandgeography/edited byJeremyW.Crampton andStuartElden.

-Further reading and information to be sources from the Wits library, and through the use of internet resources: Jstore, Epsco and Google books. Imageuseoncover Title:Creeeepppyyyy http://www.blogto.com/upload/2009/04/TB8.jpg Accessedonthe13th ofAugust2011