Chemistry A Modern View: Exercise Book 3 Suggested Answers

Chemistry A Modern View
Exercise Book 3　Suggested answers
Contents
PART VIII FOSSIL FUELS AND CARBON COMPOUNDS
Chapter 30 Fossil fuels 2
Chapter 31 Homologous series, structural formulae and naming
of carbon compounds 4
Chapter 32 Alkanes and alkenes 6
Chapter 33 Consequences of using fossil fuels (Part One):
Burning of fuels 8
Chapter 34 Consequences of using fossil fuels (Part Two):
Environmental problems associated with the use of fossil fuels 9
Chapter 35 Alcohols 14
PART XI PLASTICS AND DETERGENTS

Chapter 36 Plastics 16
Chapter 37 Detergents 21
PART X DETECTION AND ANALYSIS

Chapter 38 Separation of mixtures 23
Chapter 39 Detection of substances 24
©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 -1-

CHAPTER 30
Fossil fuels
1. B
2. D
3. B
4. A
5. A
6. C
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. D
11. (a) It is a complex mixture of alkanes. Some of the higher alkanes dissolve in liquid oil to form a
solution; besides, the various compounds present lower the melting points of each other.
(b) Fractional distillation
(c) 1
(d) 1 (refinery gas); 2 (petrol; naphtha); 3 (kerosene); 4 (gas oil)
(e) Most of the residue is burnt directly as fuel oil in large furnaces such as those in power stations or
big ships. A small proportion of it is vacuum distilled to give lubricating oils, waxes and bitumen
(for surfacing roads).
(f) Fraction 2; petrol as motor car fuel, naphtha to produce town gas and alkenes (for preparing
many useful chemicals)
(g) It is immiscible with water and has a density less than 1 g cm−3, hence it forms a layer on the
surface of water, suffocating the larvae. Fraction 2 would not be suitable, as it is volatile and will
easily evaporate away.

12. (a)
Boiling point in °C below 40 40 − 170 170 − 250 250 − 350 above 350
Percentage (by mass) 2 35 11 30 22
of crude oil which
boils off
(b)
35
30
Percentage (by mass) of
crude oil which boils off
crude oil which boils off
25
20
15
10
0 below 40 40 − 170 170 − 250 250 − 350 above 350

Boiling point (°C)
(c) 40 − 170°C
(d) North Sea oil
(e) Yes. North Sea oil contains a higher percentage of the 40 − 170°C fraction (the most valuable
fraction).

CHAPTER 31

Homologous series, structural formulae and naming of carbon compounds
1. C
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. B
6. C
7. A
8. B
9. A
10. D
11. D
12. B
13. B
14. D
15. (a) C, D, E
(b) C, D
(c) E
(d) A, B
(e) A, C, E
(f) B, D

16. (a) (b)
(c) (d)
(e) (f)
17. A and F
18. (a) Pentane (b) 1-chloro-2-methylbutane

(c) 1-bromo-2,2-dimethylpropane (d) 1,1,2,3-tetrachloro-2-methylpropane
(e) Propene (f) But-1-ene
(g) 3,3,3-trichloropropene (h) 3-chlorobutan-1-ol
(i) 2-chloropropanoic acid

CHAPTER 32

Alkanes and alkenes
1. D
2. B
3. D
4. A
5. C
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. B
11. B
12. (a) A substitution reaction is a chemical change in which an atom (or a group of atoms) of an organic
molecule is replaced by another atom (or group of atoms).
(b) CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl
CH3Cl + Cl2 CH2Cl2 + HCl
CH2Cl2 + Cl2 CHCl3 + HCl
CHCl3 + Cl2 CCl4 + HCl
13. Both are a family of substances, which show gradation in physical properties and similarity in chemical
properties.

14. (a) Breaking large organic molecules into smaller ones by heating in the absence of air.
(b) C5 − C10 alkanes
(c) CH3(CH2)4CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH3 + CH2=CH2;
CH3(CH2)4CH3 CH3CH2CH3 + CH3CH=CH2 (Other answers may be given.)
(d) To produce alkenes which serve as starting materials for preparing a great variety of organic
compounds.
(e) To produce extra petrol.
15. (a) (i) Carbon dioxide (CO2), water

(ii) Toxic gas, carbon monoxide, will be produced in incomplete combustion when there is not
enough oxygen.
(b) (i) Cracking
(ii) Useful substances such as petrol and alkenes can be obtained.
16. (a) Alkene

(b) (i) CH2 = CH2 + Cl2 CH2ClCH2Cl
(ii)
(c) Ethene can decolorize an acidified solution of potassium permanganate, while hexane cannot.
17. (a) Cracking

(b) Heavy oil fractions such as fuel oil or larger alkanes
18. (a) Molecular formula: C3H6
(b) 1,2-dibromopropane

CHAPTER 33
©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 - 10 -

Consequences of using fossil fuels (Part One): Burning of fuels

1. D
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. C
6. B
7. D
8. B
9. C
10. (i) (a), (b), (c)

(ii) (a), (f)

CHAPTER 34

Consequences of using fossil fuels (Part Two): Environmental problems
associated with the use of fossil fuels

1. A
2. B
3. B
4. D
5. D
6. B
7. A
8. D
9. C
10. (a) Dilute hydrochloric acid or nitric acid

(b) Carbon/charcoal
(c) To absorb unreacted CO2.
(d) (i) CaCO3(s) + 2H+(aq) Ca2+(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
(ii) C(s) + CO2(g) 2CO(g)
(iii) 2NaOH(aq) + CO2(g) Na2CO3(aq) + H2O(l);
−
or 2OH (aq) + CO2(g) CO32−(aq) + H2O(l)
(e) Disconnect flask R from the combustion tube Q and pass the gas into limewater. The milkiness of
limewater indicates that some CO2 passes out without changing into CO.
11. (a) 2C8H18(l) + 25O2(g) 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(l)

(b) 6.6 mol
(c) 9.9 × 103 dm3
(d) 2.3 × 103 g
(e) 0.31 g
12. Temperature can be assumed to be about the same since the three places are near the Equator. Rates
of corrosion are different due to different environments and therefore different amounts of pollutants.
Amount of pollutants is the greatest in an industrial area (place C)  with all its industrial plants, factories and

motor cars.
Amount of pollutants is the least in rural area (place B), where there are no industrial plants and few motor
cars.
Amount of pollutants is medium in urban area (place A) due to the large number of motor cars.
13. (a) Sulphur dioxide is the main pollutant which causes acid rain. Coal-fired power stations in Hong
Kong are major sources of sulphur dioxide. To greatly reduce the amount of sulphur dioxide given
out, more expensive high-grade fuel (with low sulphur content) should be used. Also, the power
stations should be installed with scrubbers. However, the installation and maintenance cost a lot
of money. The price of electricity would surely go up.
(b) Some would be willing to pay, some would not. Some people are well aware of the importance of
environmental protection. However, others may think that the acid rain problem is not yet serious
in Hong Kong at present, and it is not worthwhile to pay any additional charges.
14. (a) Coal is used as fuel in the industrial plant. When the fuel is burnt, the sulphur it contains turns to
sulphur dioxide. Besides, some nitrogen dioxide is also produced during burning. Sulphur dioxide
and nitrogen dioxide emitted from the industrial plant escape into the atmosphere directly above
and are blown by the wind from the southwest. These pollutants combine with rainwater to form
acid rain (which is likely to have a pH of 4) that falls on X.
(b) Y.
Not at X. The acid rain would harm the rice.
Y is near a pier (ease of transportation).
15. (a) If the atmosphere was thicker, we would have more of an insulating ‘blanket’ to provide a thermal
balance. As a result: the average daytime temperature would be lower.
(b) If the atmosphere was thicker, we would have more of an insulating ‘blanket’ to provide a thermal
balance. As a result: the average nighttime temperature would be higher.

16. (a)
Percentage of the solar energy falling on the Earth
(b) Using solar heating panels, mirrors and solar cells.
17. (a) Liquid; size of fuel tanks can be much smaller

(b) Water; no
(c) Strictly speaking, the answer is no. This is because hydrogen produces very small amounts of
nitrogen oxides during its combustion. However, hydrogen causes far less pollution than fossil
fuels do.
Heating Powering
Reflected Heating up Powering
18. (a) Coal the renewable
back into the the water
surface of energy
space atmosphere cycle
(b) Oil the Earth sources
(c) Consumption of coal has decreased greatly.
(d) Nuclear
(e) Rapid growth of industry and number of motor vehicles.

19. (a)
CO2 level (ppm)
(b) (i) CO2 levels have increased.

(ii) CO2 levels at present = 385 ppm 2010 = 395 ppm 2050 = 483 ppm
(iii) No.
(iv) The prediction nearest the last measured datum would be most accurate. The rate of CO2
build-up in the atmosphere may change from the previous rates. The further into the future
we extrapolate the graph, the more uncertain our prediction would be.
(v) Same rate of increase of CO2 levels.
(vi) Year fires, climate etc.
Change in amounts of fossil fuels burnt, forest
20. Collecting the spilt oil using a boom / applying bioremediation / spray the spilt oil with detergents to
change it into tiny droplets (any two)
21. (a) 50 years

(b) Both heat water to give steam. The steam drives turbines to generate electricity.
Nuclear power station
Advantages: Clean (or relatively small volumes of fuels are needed)
Disadvantages: It may be disastrous if there is a leakage of radioactivity (or special safety
measures must be taken to dispose of radioactive waste)
Coal-fired power station
Advantage: Cheap fuel (or coal readily available)
Disadvantage: Production of a large amount of sulphur dioxide

22. (a) Increasing

(b) Petroleum

(c) (i) Petroleum, natural gas and coal

(ii) Yes
(d) The demand for natural gas increases rapidly. By 2015, natural gas would surpass coal to
become the second most important energy source. Petroleum will still remain the first.
(e) Nuclear power
Reasons:
(1) The public have become increasingly aware of the potential dangers associated with
nuclear power. Many people object to building of new nuclear plants.
(2) Keen competition in the energy market (the main competitor being power stations
generating electricity from natural gas)

CHAPTER 35

Alcohols

1. D
2. C
3. D
4. D
5. C
6. C
7. (1) Ethanol is miscible with water and many non-aqueous solvents.

(2) It can dissolve both water-soluble and water-insoluble solutes.
(3) Being volatile (b.p. = 78°C), it evaporates quickly, leaving the solutes behind.
8. (a) Add Na2CO3(aq): propanoic acid gives a colourless gas (CO2), whereas propan-1-ol does not.
(b) Alkanols are usually identified by the esters they form, as those compounds have pleasant, fruity
smells. Mix the substance under test with an alkanoic acid and a little concentrated sulphuric
acid. Heat the mixture gently for one or two minutes. If the vapour evolved has a pleasant fruity
smell, then the substance under test should be an alkanol.
9. (a) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
(b) Melting point / boiling point / solubility in water (any two)
10. (a) Ethanoic acid
(b) Heat ethanoic acid and ethanol in the presence of a little concentrated sulphuric acid for 2 or 3
minutes.
(c)

11. (a) Oxidation
(b) Acidified potassium dichromate
(c) (i) Ethyl ethanoate
(ii) Sweet fruity smell
(iii) As a catalyst to speed up the reaction
12. (a) CH3CH2COOH CH3CH2CH2CH2CH = CH2
CH3(CH2)4CH3 CH3CHCH3

OH
(b) Add water (only propanoic acid and propan-2-ol are soluble); then add Na2CO3(s) (only propanoic
acid gives colourless gas bubbles (CO2)).
Add KMnO4(aq)/H+(aq) to the remaining two liquids (only hex-1-ene decolorizes the solution added).
13. (a) HCOOH + CH3CH2OH HCOOCH2CH3 + H2O

(b) Ethyl methanoate; ester
(c) No
(d) Add a little conc. sulphuric acid as catalyst; heat the mixture
(e) (i) CH3COOH ethanoic acid
CH3CH2OH ethanol
(ii) CH3COOH ethanoic acid
CH3CH2CH2OH propan-1-ol
(iii) CH3CH2COOH propanoic acid
CH3CH2OH ethanol

CHAPTER 36

Plastics

1. B
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. C
6. C
7. D
8. D
9. C
10. B
11. D
12. B
13. C
14. A
15. D

16. (a) (i) Plastic C. It is very flexible.
(ii) Non-poisonous
(b) Plastic D. It can withstand high temperatures (up to 1350°C).
It does not burn and it has a high strength.
(c) Plastic A. It is highly transparent and is stiff.
17.
Article New plastic Old material Advantages/disadvantages of

material plastic and older material
Camera lens (a) ________ glass (b) Perspex
______________________________________
can be easily moulded and will not break
Perspex easily, but it can be scratched more easily than
______________________________________
glass.
______________________________________
Nylon is not attacked by moth, but it does not
Stockings nylon (d) allow
______________________________________
sweat to evaporate through it easily. Thus it
would be uncomfortable to wear nylon stockings
in hot weather. Cotton is attacked by moth, but it
Cotton ______________________________________
has moisture-absorbing properties and is more
(c) ________ ______________________________________
comfortable to wear.
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
Covering for PVC rubber PVC is cheaper and more resistant to weathering
(e) than
______________________________________
rubber.
electrical
cable
______________________________________
______________________________________
Disposable expanded waxed paper Expanded polystyrene cup can be used to hold
(f) hot
______________________________________
or cold water, but waxed paper cup would
cup polystyrene ______________________________________
become soft when hot.
______________________________________
Milk bottle polythene Polythene not easily broken, glass easily broken
(h) ______________________________________
(for feeding Glass
(g) ________
babies)
______________________________________
______________________________________
Handle of phenol-methanal wood Phenol-methanal does not catch fire; wood can
(i) burn
______________________________________
and is easily charred.
frying pan
______________________________________

18. (a) A polymer is a compound which consists of very large molecules formed by joining many small
molecules repeatedly.
(b) (i) Starch, rubber, silk
(ii) Nylon, urea-methanal
(iii) Styrene
(iv) Sucrose, olive oil, margarine, glass, ethane
19. (a) Condensation

(b) Addition
(c) Substitution
(d) Addition polymerization
(e) Condensation polymerization
20. (a) C
(b) Possess a carbon-carbon double bond

(c) B and D; F
(d) One of the monomers must have at least two reactive sites in a molecule.
21. (a) (i) (ii)
(iii) addition polymerization (iv) none

(b) (i)
(ii) and or
(iii) condensation polymerization (iv) water (or hydrogen chloride)

(c)
(i) (ii) or
(iii) condensation polymerization (iv) water (or hydrogen chloride)
(d) (i) (ii)
(e) (i) (ii)
(f) (i) (ii)
22. (a) Natural; plant origin; carbohydrate; condensation polymer

(b) Synthetic; condensation polymer; thermoplastic
(c) Synthetic; hydrocarbon; addition polymer; thermoplastic
(d) Natural; animal origin
(e) Synthetic; contains nitrogen; condensation polymer; thermosetting
23. (a) (i) Iron can be removed by using a magnet.

(ii) Plastics will float if the refuse is mixed with water (note that the paper will eventually sink as
it soaks up water).
(b) (i) The bricks can be made easily because plastics can be melted to shape them. Also,
plastics are poor conductors of heat and so insulate the building from heat loss.
(ii) Separation of pure polythene would allow recycling to make more polythene rather than
less valuable ‘plastic alloy’ (made from mixtures of plastics) which has fewer uses.

24. (a)
(b) Condensation polymerization

(c) Addition polymerization
(d) Thin sheets of nylon, instead of long nylon thread, would be resulted.
(e) Fishing lines by extrusion moulding. (Other answers may also be given.)
(f) Thermal properties. Urea-methanal is a thermoset while nylon is a thermoplastic.
(g) Cross-links (strong covalent bonds) are present among urea-methanal molecules. In nylon only
weak van der Waals’ forces are present.
(h) Compression moulding
25. (a)
(b)
(c) Chloroethene
(d) Vinyl chloride
(e) Making floor tiles / pipe / raincoats / shower curtains (any one)
26. (a) Polythene

(b)
(c) Ethane-diol
(d) Addition polymerization
(e) Making plastic bags / wrapping film / food boxes (any one)
(f)
(g) Thermoplastic
(h) Condensation polymerization
(i) Making textile fibres / sails
27. (1) Light weight but high strength

(2) Chemically unreactive
(3) Moulded easily (Other answers may be accepted.)

CHAPTER 37
Detergents
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. C
6. A
7. D
8. C
9. C
10. A
11. D
12. (a) Their chief source is triesters in animal fats and vegetable oils.
(b) Low m.p. (b.p.)
(c) No; stearic acid is insoluble in water
(d) Although both are ionic salts having a hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail and a hydrophilic ionic head,
the hydrophobic tail in sodium ethanoate is too short to allow detergent action.
(e) (i) No; stearic acid (having no detergent properties) is displaced out:
CH3(CH2)16COO−(aq) + H+(aq) CH3(CH2)16COOH(s)
(ii) No; insoluble scum formed:
2CH3(CH2)16COO−(aq) + Ca2+(aq) [CH3(CH2)16COO]2Ca(s) OR
− 2+
2CH3(CH2)16COO (aq) + Mg (aq) [CH3(CH2)16COO]2Mg(s)
(f) Stearic acid is not easily available in nature compared with fats and oils. Soap is manufactured by

alkaline hydrolysis of natural fats and oils.
13. (a) No. A soapless detergent may or may not form lather in water. It is so called to distinguish from
soapy detergents (soaps).
(b) (i) Both consist of a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head.
(ii) −COO− is the hydrophilic part in soaps but not in soapless detergents.
(c) (i) Hydrocarbons
(ii) Conc. H2SO4, followed by NaOH
(d) (i) B
(ii) B
(e) No. It has branched chains and is non-biodegradable, thus causing foaming at sewage works and
in rivers. Water life will be killed.
14. (a) We can tell whether a solution is hard or soft from the height of the lather formed in the
experiment.
Lather with a height of 5 cm is formed in distilled water.
A liquid with a height of 5 cm high (or slightly less) is considered as soft.
A liquid with no lather (or very little lather) is considered as hard.
(b) Soft water
(c) Dilute sodium chloride solution is soft.
Sea water is hard.
Sea water contains appreciable concentration of magnesium salts in addition to sodium chloride.
(d) Yes. It contains appreciable concentration of Ca2+(aq) ions.
(e) Hard water
(f) A lather (probably a few cm high) is formed in every liquid, with approximately the same height in
each case.

CHAPTER 38
Separation of mixtures
1. (a) C
(b) A
(c) B
(d) D
(e) E
2. (a) B
(b) A
(c) C
(d) D
(e) C
3. C
4. Heat, collect X (as sublimate) on a cool surface; put the remaining solid into hot water, filter, wash
residue with distilled water, dry residue (Y); evaporate filtrate to dryness (or crystallize) to obtain Z.
5. No. Add solid to distilled water and stir well. Filter and evaporate the filtrate to dryness by heating. See
whether any solid is left.
6. (a) The receiver test tube should never be stoppered, otherwise the methylated spirit will be heated
inside a closed system, which is a very dangerous practice.
(b) The receiver test tube should be placed in a beaker of cold water to condense the hot vapour
given out.
(c) As methylated spirit is flammable, it should not be heated by a naked flame; a hot water bath
should be used instead.
(d) Test tube A should not be filled to more than 1/3 of its capacity.
7. (a) Insoluble in water

(b) Black and blue; black and red
(c) Blue, red and orange
(d) Separation, purification and identification

CHAPTER 39
Detection of substances
1. E
2. C
3. D
4. D
5. B
6. A
7. F
8. A
9. D
10. A
11. C
12. B
13. A
14. A
15. (a) White precipitate is formed.

Ag (aq) + Cl−(aq)
+
AgCl(s)
(b) White precipitate is formed.
Ba2+(aq) + SO42−(aq) BaSO4(s)
(c) Blue gelatinous precipitate is formed.

Cu2+(aq) + 2OH−(aq) Cu(OH)2(s)
16.
Test Observations Inference
Appearance White solid Cation resulted from Group I or II
(a) _____________________________
elements
_____________________________
_____________________________
Heating No change
Flame test Brilliant golden yellow Cation should be Na+
(b) _____________________________
flame
_____________________________
_____________________________
Add dilute hydrochloric Solid dissolves, no Neither CO32− nor SO32− present
(c) _____________________________
acid effervescence
_____________________________
_____________________________
Add dilute hydrochloric No precipitate No SO42− present
(d) _____________________________
acid followed by the
addition of barium chloride
solution _____________________________
_____________________________
Add dilute nitric acid and White precipitate Anion should be Cl−
(e) _____________________________
silver nitrate solution
_____________________________
_____________________________
Therefore, the compound should be sodium chloride.
17. (a) Add magnesium sulphate solution to the substances. Sodium carbonate forms a white precipitate
while sodium hydrogencarbonate does not.
(b) Add dilute hydrochloric acid to the substances. Effervescence is observed for calcium carbonate
but not for calcium hydroxide.
(c) Add dilute hydrochloric acid to the substances. Sodium sulphite gives out colourless sulphur
dioxide gas while sodium sulphate does not.
(d) Add acidified silver nitrate solution to the substances. Sodium chloride forms a white precipitate
while sodium nitrate does not.
(e) Add acidified silver nitrate solution to the substances. Potassium chloride forms a white
precipitate while potassium iodide gives a yellow precipitate.

(f) Add acidified silver nitrate solution to the substances. Sodium bromide forms a pale yellow
precipitate while sodium nitrate does not.
(g) Add dilute hydrochloric acid to the substances. Zinc carbonate gives out colourless gas and form
a colourless solution. Lead(II) carbonate gives out colourless gas and form a cloudy solution.
(h) Sodium nitrate gives a brilliant golden yellow flame in flame test while ammonium nitrate does
not.
(i) Add dilute hydrochloric acid to the substances. Copper(II) oxide dissolves to form a blue solution
while iron(III) oxide dissolves to form a yellow solution.

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Exercise Book 3 Suggested answers

PART XI PLASTICS AND DETERGENTS

PART X DETECTION AND ANALYSIS

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 -1-

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 -2-

0 below 40 40 − 170 170 − 250 250 − 350 above 350

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 -3-

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 -4-

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 -5-

18. (a) Pentane (b) 1-chloro-2-methylbutane

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 -6-

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 -7-

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 -8-

15. (a) (i) Carbon dioxide (CO2), water

16. (a) Alkene

17. (a) Cracking

18. (a) Molecular formula: C3H6

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 -9-

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 - 10 -

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 - 11 -

10. (i) (a), (b), (c)

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 - 12 -

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 - 13 -

associated with the use of fossil fuels

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 - 14 -

10. (a) Dilute hydrochloric acid or nitric acid

11. (a) 2C8H18(l) + 25O2(g) 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(l)

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 - 15 -

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 - 16 -

Percentage of the solar energy falling on the Earth

(b) Using solar heating panels, mirrors and solar cells.

17. (a) Liquid; size of fuel tanks can be much smaller

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 - 17 -

(b) (i) CO2 levels have increased.

21. (a) 50 years

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 - 18 -

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 - 19 -

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 - 20 -

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 - 21 -

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 - 22 -

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 - 23 -

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 - 24 -

7. (1) Ethanol is miscible with water and many non-aqueous solvents.

10. (a) Ethanoic acid

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 - 25 -

12. (a) CH3CH2COOH CH3CH2CH2CH2CH = CH2

13. (a) HCOOH + CH3CH2OH HCOOCH2CH3 + H2O

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 - 26 -

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 - 27 -

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 - 28 -

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 - 29 -

Article New plastic Old material Advantages/disadvantages of

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 - 30 -

19. (a) Condensation

(b) Possess a carbon-carbon double bond

21. (a) (i) (ii)

(iii) addition polymerization (iv) none

(iii) condensation polymerization (iv) water (or hydrogen chloride)

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2004 - 31 -

(iii) condensation polymerization (iv) water (or hydrogen chloride)

(d) (i) (ii)

Exercise Book 3　Suggested answers