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In September 2000, the United Nations General Assembly concluded the Millennium Summit with the adoption of a Millennium Declaration renewing the global commitment to peace and human rights and setting specific goals and targets towards reducing poverty and the worst forms of human deprivation. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), set within 2015, affirm and reinforce the agreements on the goals and targets toward eliminating extreme poverty worldwide. Its eight objectives have measurable outcomes, timelines for achievements, and clear indicators for monitoring progress. The Philippines, as UN-member, is a signatory to the Millennium Declaration and has committed to craft its 2005-2010 Medium Term Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP) around the MDGs. By committing to this declaration, it does not mean that the country is simply keeping pace with the rest of the developing world, but ensuring that we are able to maximize all available resources in providing the right policy framework and the right environment for helping our people gain access to the best quality of life possible. As the goals are holistic and interrelated, the process of working together in partnership at the national, regional and local levels is very important. Meeting the requirements for MDGs will entail collaborative efforts of major, stakeholders the national and local government units (LGUs) as well as the private sector for
interventions geared toward mainstreaming the MDGs in the local development agenda. The Millennium Development Goals and Targets Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Targets: Reduce by 50% the number of people living in extreme poverty between 1990-2015 Reduce by 50% the number of population below the minimum level of dietary energy consumption and reduce by 50% the number of underweight children (under five years old) Reduce by 50% the number of people with no access to safe drinking water or those who cannot afford it by 2015 Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Target: Achieve universal access to primary education by 2015 Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality Target: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and all levels of education not later than 2015 Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality Target: Reduce children under-five mortality rate by 67% by 2015
identification of poor-based or area-based indicators, identification of funding source for poverty alleviation projects, coordination and monitoring of poverty alleviation efforts.
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local poverty monitoring systems existing at the local level (e.g. MBN-CBIS, MBN-CBPIMS, IRAP, MIMAP-CBMS). A maternal mortality indicator was added to harmonize the CLPIs with MDGs. The CLPIs were adopted through the NAPC En Banc Resolution 7 on 19 March 2003 (7th NAPC En Banc Meeting) and was localized through DILG MC 2003-92 providing for adoption of the CLPI in local planning. The following are the 14 core local poverty indicators that maybe used to assess LGUs baseline information towards MDGs:
MDG Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Core Local Poverty Indicators (CLPIs) Proportion of households with income less than the poverty threshold Proportion of households with income less than the food threshold Proportion of persons aged 15 years old and above who are not working but are actively seeking work Proportion of children 0-5 years old who are moderately and severely underweight (below normal-low and below normal-very low) Proportion of households who eat less than three full meals a day Proportion of household members victimized by crime Proportion of 6-12 year-old children who are not in elementary school Proportion of 13-16 year-olds who are not in secondary school (can be generated from indicators Goal 2 since data are gender disaggregated)
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality Goal 5: Improve maternal health Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other infectious diseases Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability
Proportion of children under five years old who died Proportion of women who died due to pregnancy related causes Proportion of households without access to safe water Proportion of households without sanitary toilets Proportion of households who are squatters Proportion of households with makeshift housing
LGUs may add other indicators or use proxy indicators for some of the indicators to monitor area-specific concerns that may be applicable or significant in their community.
Based on a study conducted by Manasan (2002), provincial governments allocated 12 percent of their budget on basic social services in 1998. The ratio of city governments stood at 16 percent in the same year. In municipalities, basic social services, on the average accounted for 15 percent of the total
provinces
cities
municipalities
Source: Presidential Task Force on the 20/20 Initiative, Discussion Paper Series No. 2003-01, Development Academy of the Philippines
spending between 1997 and 2001 (Pascual, 2003). The data also reveal that there is a positive relationship between basic social services spending ratio and income level. The ratio for the richest group of municipalities stood at 22% and drops
% to total expenditure
to 14% for 2nd class municipalities and continuously declines to measly 5% for the poorest municipalities.
1st
2nd
3rd
4th Among the basic 10 5th social services, health 6th 5 and sanitation accounts 0 to 45-89% of municipal 1997 1998 1999 2001 spending, followed by education with 6- Source: Presidential Task Force on the 20/20 Initiative, Discussion Paper Series No. 2003-01, Development 42% of municipal Academy of the Philippines spending. Water and sanitation and family planning accounted for barely 12%.
Based also on the study by Pascual (2003), local government spending has a positive % Distribution of Municipal BSS impact on the provision by BSS Component (2001) of public health services particularly availed by 73 relatively poor 80 constituents. This 70 60 confirms previous results 50 indicating that the poor 40 20 30 are the predominant 20 7 0.55 users of public services. 10 0 This underscores the Education Health & Sanitation Family Planning Water & Sanitation need to encourage local governments to Source: Presidential Task Force on the 20/20 Initiative, Discussion Paper Series No. 2003-01, Development reallocate resources Academy of the Philippines toward basic services.
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Targets: 1. Reduce by 50% the number of people living in extreme poverty between 1990-2015 2. Reduce by 50% the number of population below the minimum level of dietary energy consumption and reduce by 50% the number of underweight children (under five years old) 3. Reduce by 50% the number of people with no access to safe drinking water or those who cannot afford it by 2015
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Target: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and all levels of education not later than 2015
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Targets: Reduce maternal mortality rate by 75% by 2015 Increase access to reproductive health services to 60% by 2005, 80% by 2010 & 100% by 2015
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Targets: Prevent the spread and halt HIV/AIDs by 2015 Reduce the incidence of malaria and other major infectious diseases and halt by 2015
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Targets:
Implement national strategies for sustainable development by 2005 and to reverse loss of environmental resources by 2015
Achieve a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers
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4. KAMIPLAN: Empowering LGU in Development, Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao Focuses on raising revenues to fund service delivery and address priority concerns of its LGU and residents, Mobilizes indigenous approach in managing (preventing, resolving) conflicts in the area to bring about harmonious relationships among residents/families, Promotes respect for diversity, provides an avenue for discussions among residents, and mobilizes council of elders.
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Annex A
Goal 2 : ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION Net Enrolment Ratio in Primary Education By Sex (For Popn Age 712)
1996 Total Male Female 94.3 95.3 93.4 1997 95.1 97.9 92.1 1998 95.7 97.4 94.0 1999 97.0 96.8 97.2 2000 96.4 2001 97.0
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Goal 3 : PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN Ratio of Girls to Boys in Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Education
1996 Primary Secondary Tertiary 1.0 1.0 1.2 1997 1.0 1.1 1.3 1998 1.0 1.1 1.3 1999 1.0 1.1 1.2 2000 1.0 1.1 1.2 2001 ... 1.1 ...
Goal 4 : REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY Under -Five Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births)
1990 80 1991 77 1992 74 1993 72 1994 69 1995 67 1998 48
Source: National Statistics Office - 1998 data: National Demographic and Health Survey; 1990 to 1995 data: TWG on Maternal and Child Mortality-National Statistical Coordination Board
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Source: National Statistics Office - 1998 data: National Demographic and Health Survey; 1990 to 1995 data: TWG on Maternal and Child Mortality-National Statistical Coordination Board
Goal 5 : IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH Maternal Mortality Ratio (Per 100,000 Live Births)
1991 203 1992 197 1993 191 1994 186 1995 180 1998 172
Goal 6 : COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES Prevalence And Death Rates Associated With Malaria
1996 Prevalence Death Rates 95.8 1997 96.8 1998 96.1 1999 91.2 2000 66.6 2001 52.0
0.8
0.7
0.8
...
...
...
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40.5
36.6
38.3
...
...
...
Goal 7 : ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY Proportion of Land Area Covered by Forest* (%)
1996 52.9 1997 52.8 1998 52.8 1999 52.8 2000 52.8 2001 52.8 2002 52.8
Proportion of Area Protected to Maintain Biological Diversity to Total Land Area (%)
1995 9.6 1996 8.8 1997 13.7 1998 9.1 1999 8.7 2000 14.9 2001 8.7* 2002 8.7 *
Proportion of Households with Access to Safe Water Supply (%) (No urban-rural disaggregation)
1996 69.3 1997 75.5 1998 77.1 1999 75.2 2000 76.3 2001 79.0
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Proportion of Households with Sanitary Toilet Facility (%) (No urban-rural disaggregation)
1996 60.5 1997 66.4 1998 70.2 1999 69.9 2000 69.3 2001 71.3
Goal 8 : DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT Unemployment Rate of 15-24 year olds, by Sex
1996 Both Sexes Male Female 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
14.5
15.7
19.4
20.0
21.2
19.0
21.4
12.7 17.6
14.1 18.5
17.9 22.1
18.6 22.7
19.8 23.6
16.6 22.9
19.7 24.3
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Annex B
Region 1 Ilocos Norte Ilocos Sur La Union Pangasinan Region 2 Cagayan Isabela Quirino Nueva Vizcaya Region 3 Bataan Bulacan Pampanga Zambales Tarlac Nueva Ecija Region 4-A Rizal Cavite Batangas Region 4-B Marinduque Region 5 Camarines Norte Camarines Sur Catanduanes Albay Sorsogon Masbate
45.2
19379.4
17.4
89.1
3.5
68.1
9.3
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Region/ Province
Pover-ty Inci-dence
Magnitude of Poor
Subsistence Inci-dence
Unemploy-ment Rate
Region 6 Aklan Capiz Iloilo Guimaras Negros Occidental Region 7 Cebu Bohol Negros Oriental Siquijor Region 8 Northern Samar Biliran Region 9 Zamboanga del Norte
40.7 34.8
38408.6 9974.9
26.6 17.2
74.5 87.8
2.1 0.8
73.4 82.0
5.9 4.4
45.6
75738.5
30.4
55.5
1.8
82.1
5.6
Region 10 Camiguin Misamis Oriental Misamis Occidental Bukidnon Lanao del Norte Region 11 Davao del Norte Davao Oriental
38.9 34.4
103678.5 29515.5
27.5 18.0
53.8 78.1
1.9 1.1
95.8 81.0
7.9
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Region/ Province
Poverty Incidence
Magnitude of Poor
Subsistence Inci-dence
Unemploy-ment Rate
38.2 50.2
37147.8 57626.6
20.4 29.7
81.9 65.9
5.0 3.1
81.1 85.0
11.1 9.9
North Caloocan Valenzuela City Navotas Caloocan City Quezon City Marikina City San Juan Mandaluyong City Manila City Pasig City Pateros Makati City Taguig Paraaque City Muntinlupa City Las Pias
8.9 5.6 13.9 8.9 4.2 6.8 1.9 3.3 5.8 3.0 9.4 2.2 9.4 3.2 8.5 2.1
22357.0 6317.9 7479.0 22357.0 18829.1 5787.9 466.6 2096 19256.3 3521.4 2299.6 3040.3 9083.9 2354.4
2.0 0.7 3.2 2.0 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 1.1 1.1 0.3 1.1 0.5 1.0 0.0
70.0 69.1 67.2 70.0 95.0 89.8 100 91.3 97.3 85.9 70.3 97.0 70.3 69.2 77.2 72.3
3.9 3.4 7.5 3.9 3.6 1.7 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.7 2.3 2.1 2.8 3.1 1.1 0.6
95.9 93.6 78.0 95.9 96.3 96.3 100 99.5 94.0 99.3 99.4 99.7 99.4 92.8 91.5 99.9
19.5 18.0 20.5 19.5 16.8 17.6 14.8 17.8 23.9 23.9 18.2 -
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