WHEEL Biochemistry

70 Total Points Directions: Choose the best correct answer for each question (2 points each). 1. Which is required by all living things? a. Energy b. Mobility c. Oxygen d. Carbon dioxide 2. A microorganism, which releases water into its environment to regulate its salinity during osmosis, is undergoing a process that is similar to a human being who releases moisture on a hot day. This process that helps keep both the microorganism and the human body fluids in balance is known as a. homeostasis. b. cell division. c. heredity. d. mutation. 3. Unlike other animals, mammals can perspire (sweat). The main benefit of perspiring is that it a. removes extra water from the cells. b. cools the skin with evaporation. c. removes dirt from the surface of the skin. d. relaxes the muscles. 4. Cells are the functional units that make up tissues. Tissues then become the functional units that make up a. enzymes. b. organs. c. other cells. d. DNA. 5. Blood is considered a tissue because blood a. flows inside arties and veins. b. is necessary to carry oxygen and nutrients to the cells. c. is pumped from the heart and is carried to the cells through arties. d. is composed of red and white blood cells working and having specific functions. 6. Which group contains the six elements especially important to life? a. C, H, Fe, O, N, S b. C, H, O, N, P, S c. Ag, H, O, N, P, S d. Fe, H, O, C, P, K 7. Water is a polar molecule because a. it has a charge. b. it does not have a charge. c. it contains two hydrogen elements and one oxygen element. d. it has an unequal distribution of charges. 8. The unique properties of water enable life to exist on Earth. Which of these is a property of pure water? a. Its solid form is more dense than its liquid. b. It has a low heat absorption capacity. c. It is slightly more acidic than air. d. It dissolves many substances.

9. When salt dissolves in water, water is considered to be the a. reactant. b. solution. c. solvent. d. solute. 10. If lakes were to freeze solid during the winter, the organisms in the lake would die. Which of these characteristics of water helps prevent freezing of lakes? a. Water freezes at 00C. b. Water becomes a solid when it freezes. c. Ice floats when it freezes. d. Ice loses heat when it freezes. 11. Which property of water allows many land-dwelling organisms to maintain body temperature by eliminating excess heat? a. Waters ability t o evaporate b. Waters capacity to dissolve substances c. Waters movement by capillary action d. Waters formation of ions in solution 12. Chart A shows how changes in pH cause testing paper to change color. Chart B shows how testing papers reacted with several experimental substances. Which of these has a pH of about 3? a. Apples b. Beans c. Milk d. Shrimp Test Paper Results Chart A pH
AcidpH 2 AcidpH 4 AcidpH 6 BasepH 8 BasepH 10

Red Litmus
Red Red Red Blue Blue

Blue Litmus
Red Red Red Blue Blue

pH Paper
Red Orange Yellow Green Blue

Chart B Substance
Water Apples Beans Milk Shrimp

Red Litmus
Red Red Red Red Red

Blue Litmus
Blue Red Red Blue Blue

pH Paper
Yellow-green Red-orange Yellow Yellow Yellow-green

13. A lake has a normal pH of 7. Large amounts of acidic waste were dumped into the lake, changing the pH to 4. What is likely to happen? a. The fish will be more resistant to disease. b. The spawning rate of fish will increase. c. The productivity of the pond will increase. d. The increased acidity will kill most of the fish.

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Fish Population

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 pH

Directions: For each of the macromolecules in questions 14-17, select the most appropriate function for each. 14. Carbohydrate 15. Lipid 16. Protein 17. Nucleic Acids a. structure; stores energy for future use b. contains genetic information c. structure; serves as enzymes d. quick energy

Directions: For each of the macromolecules in questions 18-21, select its correct subunit. 18. Carbohydrate 19. Lipid 20. Protein 21. Nucleic Acids a. amino acids b. glycerol backbone and three fatty acids c. nucleotide d. glucose

22. Enzymes only work with specific substrates because each substrate a. has a specific activation site for enzyme attachment. b. can only use a specific ionic bond with the enzyme. c. destroys its specific enzyme. d. actively interferes with other substances around it.

23. According to the graph below, addition of the enzyme amylase causes the reaction to a. slow down. b. speed up. c. give off heat. d. take in heat. Effect of Amylase Enzyme on Starch Digestion Rate 70

With Amylase

Rate of Digestion (mL/min)

40

50

60

Without Amylase

10 0

20

30

20

40

60 Time (sec)

80

100

24. Peroxidase is an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide in cells. It accomplishes this because of its structure. What part of the enzyme is involved in catalytic activity? a. Binding pocket b. Pleated sheet c. Active site d. Quaternary structure 25. The graph below shows that a. more enzymes are present at a higher pH. b. pepsin is less sensitive to pH than trypsin. c. pepsin is less effective at a lower pH than trypsin. d. pH affects the activity rate of enzymes.
Trypsin

Rate of Enzyme Action

Pepsin

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 pH

26. Use the table below to answer the following questions (6 points total). pH Values of Some Common Substances Substance Hydrochloric acid Sulfuric acid Tomatoes Rainwater Pure water Sea water Ammonium chloride Sodium hydroxide a. What is the strongest acid listed? b. What is the pH of the weakest base listed? c. Which substance has a neutral pH? 27. Briefly explain how there are many different types of proteins, but there are only 20 amino acids. (2 points) pH 1.0 1.2 4.2 6.2 7.0 8.5 11.1 13.0

28. What are the two factors that influence enzyme activity? How does it affect the enzyme? (4 points)

29. Compare enzyme activity to a lock and key. (2 points)

30. Writing Response: You are an astronaut on Mars and recently discovered an unidentifiable object, how would you determine if it is living or nonliving? Briefly explain 3 ways. (6 points)