Name :

NRIC :

JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANU JABATANPELAJA JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANU JABATANPELAJA JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANU JABATANPELAJA TRIAL JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANU JABATANPELAJA STPM 2009 JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANU JABATANPELAJA JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANU JABATANPELAJA JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANU JABATANPELAJA JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANU JABATANPELAJA JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANU JABATANPELAJA JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANU JABATANPELAJA JABATAN PELAJARAN JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANU JABATANPELAJA NEGERI TERENGGANU JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANU JABATANPELAJA JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANU JABATANPELAJA JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANU JABATANPELAJA JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANU JABATANPELAJA TRIAL EXAMINATION 2009 JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANU JABATANPELAJA JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANU JABATANPELAJA JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANU JABATANPELAJA JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANU JABATANPELAJA CHEMISTRY JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANU JABATANPELAJA PAPER 1 & 2 JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANU JABATANPELAJA JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANU JABATANPELAJA JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANU JABATANPELAJA JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANU JABATANPELAJA

962/1

MARKING SCHEME

This answer paper consists of 17 printed pages

OTI 2 2009

2 STPM CHEMISTRY 962/1 OTI 2 2009 MARKING SCHEME PAPER 1

STPM

Question No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Answer A D D C C D C

Explanation These are the isotopes of iron. Different isotopes have different numbers of neutron Of the 4 gasses given hydrogen gas is most likely to exhibit ideal behavior. Refer to any graph of (pV/nRT) against p. Carbon dioxide cannot be solidified at 1.0 atm if the temperature is greatly reduced. At 1.0 atm CO2 exists in both solid and gaseous forms. Actual electronic arrangement is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1. Total number of electron is 13. Thus the proton number is 13 Na+ is the biggest as it has the smallest number of nuclear charge. The smaller the nuclear charge, the bigger the ionic size. Only phosphorus can exist as monatomic solid with acidic properties in its oxides. Across period 3 from left to right, conductivity increases for the first 3 elements, then starts to decrease as the elements become metalloid, and decreases further as elements are non-metals. In the CH3CHO molecule, hydrogen atom is bonded to carbon not oxygen. So no intermolecular hydrogen bonds. No energy gap between the two bands, so it belongs to a metal, which is magnesium. There are only repulsive forces exist between electron orbitals. So the lone pair electrons push each other so that the angle between them is maximized. The graph is reversible reaction. The rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the backward reaction over time. The formation of ester is a reversible reaction. e.g.: if the original sample = 100g 100g 50g 25g 12.5g 6.25g t1/2 t1/2 t1/2 t1/2 Percentage remaining after the 4th half life = 6.25 x 100 = 6.25% 100 Since the forward reaction is endothermic, an increase in temperature shifts the equilibrium to the right according to Le Chateliers principle, by absorbing the excess heat. In the case, more gas particles are produced and there is an increase in volume. Furthermore, heating will also cause the gases to expand.

8 9 10 11

C B C A

12

13 B

14 A

AgBr (s)

Ag + (aq) + Br-(aq)

Ksp = [ Ag+ ] [Br- ] = 5 x 10 -13 mol2dm-3 But [ Ag+ ] = [Br -] [ Ag+ ] = ( 5 x 10 -13 )1/2 = 7.1 x 10-7 moldm-3

Marking scheme OTI 22009

OTI 2 2009
Question No. 15 B Answer

3
Explanation

STPM

mB = MB x PoB mW MW x PoW mB = 156.6 x (101 x 85) 100 18 x 85 = 163.66 % bromobenzene = 163.66 (1663.66 + 100) x 100

= 62% 16 B The very negative Eo value of Mg shows that Mg2+ is very difficult to be reduced to Mg. Therefore, normal chemical reduction is not suitable. A feasible way would be the electrolysis of molten Mg2+ , in this case, MgCl2 (MgCl2 has a lower m.p. than MgO).

17 A

2O2-(l)

O2(g) + 4e

Quantity of electricity used = I x t = 8 x (100 x 60) = 48000 C Amount of electrons passed = 48000C 96000 Cmol-1 = 0.5 mol Amount of O2 evolved = 0.5 4 = 0.125 mol Volume of O2 evolved = 0.125 x 22.4 = 2.8 dm3 18 A

The enthalpy change of formation of CO is the enthalpy change when 1 mol of gaseous CO is formed from its constituent elements, that is C and O2, at their standard states. H = -52 + (-85) = - 137 kJmol-1 For cis-trans isomers, 2 different groups must be bonded to the same C at the double bond. B : 1 and 3 are identical C : 1 and 4 are structural isomers D : 2 and 4 are structural isomers

19 A 20 A

Marking scheme OTI 22009

OTI 2 2009
Question No. 21 C 22 B Answer

4
Explanation

STPM

Upon reacting with Br2 , but-1- ene gives 1,2- dibromobutane and but -2-ene gives 2,3- dibromobutane. Being an alkene, hex-1-ene undergoes electrophilic addition readily with Br2 in CCl4 and decolourised it. Methylbenzene is unable to do so. CH3(CH2)3CH=CH2 + Br2 CH3(CH3)3CHBrCH2Br

23

24

Remember: Ethanoyl chloride (acyl chloride) will react with alcohols but not with carboxylic acids. CH3CH2COOH All carbonyl compounds, which are aldehyde and ketone react with 2,4-dinitrophenyihy- drazine to form orange precipitate that has a high melting point. Ethanoic acid is a weak acid and it partially ionises in water to produce hydroxonium ion, H+. CH3COOH + H20 CH3COO- + H If ethanoic acid is dissolved in a base like ammonia that is able to extract the proton (H+) from ethanoic acid more effectively, more ethanoic acid molecules will ionise. Thus H+ ions are produced are the strength of ethanoic acid will increase. Thus ethanoic is a stronger acid in liquid ammonia than in water.

25

26

27

The reaction equation is as follows.

Remember: This molecule contains phenyihydrazine carbonyl group.

28

Hydrogen bonds are formed between ethanol and water molecules. Thus ethanol is soluble in water.

Whereas ethyl ethanoate (ester) that has a long carbon chain does not form hydrogen bonds with water, thus it is less soluble in water

Marking scheme OTI 22009

OTI 2 2009
Question No. 29 Answer C

5
Explanation

STPM

30

chloride An aromatic amine with an amino group at its side chain will have similar chemical properties as an aliphatic amine.

31 D

At pH 2, an acidic solution and 2-amino- propanoic acid (alanine)will exist as positive ions.

32

The reaction results in a nucleophilic addition to the double bond and the anionic polymerisation process takes place.

33

NaH ion, SiH4 - covalent, H2S covalent, HCl covalent. The sodium atom wiyh the biggest size among the four elements has the lowest ionization energy and can lose electron readily to form ionic compound.
34 A

Aluminium is a amphoteric. It si soluble in aqueous sodium hydroxide. Al2O3 (p) + 2OH- (aq) + 3H2O(l) 2[(OH)4]- (aq)
35 D

XCl4 decomposes at room temperature showing that the X-Cl bond is very weak. Hence, X must have the biggest size in Group 14.
PbCl4(l) 36 D PbCl2 (s) + Cl2 (g)

The inert pair effect increases going down the Group 14. Hence, the +2 state becomes progressively more stable while the + 4 state becomes less stable.

Marking scheme OTI 22009

OTI 2 2009
Question No. 37 Answer C

6
Explanation

STPM

The Lewis structure of N2O4 is as follows :

It is a symmetrical molecule. Hence is non-polar. There are 3 bond pairs with no lone pairs surrounding the nitrogen atom. Hence, its shape is triginal planar and not V shape. As can be seen from the Lewis diagram all the electrons in N2O4 are paired. N2O4 is formed from the dimerisation of NO2. 2NO2 N2O4
38 C

The lone pair electrons in NH3 pushes the three bonding pairs closer to one another. Hence, its bond angle is slightly less than that of a perfect tetrahedron, 109.5o .
KI reacts with H2SO4 to produce iodine, which is a purple fume. KI + H2SO4 KHSO4 + HI(g) 2HI(g) + H2SO4 I2(g) + SO2(g) + 2H2O KI reacts with silver nitrate to produce silver iodide, which is yellow. KI(aq) + AgNO3 (aq) KNO3 (aq) + AgI(s) AgI is insoluble in either dilute or concentrated ammonia. Heterogeneous catalyst uses their empty d orbitals to form temporary bonds with the reacting molecules. This process is known as adsorption. 1 Elevation of boiling point of solvent 2 Depression of freezing point of solvent According to Le Chatliers Principle, When OH- ions are neutralized by the acid, position of eq will shift to the right, making the solid Ca5(PO4)3OH dissolved. When the PO43- ions accepts H+ , the eq will shift to the right, making the solid Ca5(PO4)3OH dissolved.

39

40 41 42

B B

B(1,2)

43 A( 1 ) 44 D(1,2,3)

Halogen is an donating group which decreases the acid strength.( Ka is greater) Partition law can only be used under the following condition - the solutions must be dilute - the solute cannot undergo dissociation or association in one solvent and not the other - the temperature must be fixed The Grignard reagent has the general formula, RMgX. With ketones, a

45

Marking scheme OTI 22009

OTI 2 2009
Question No. Answer

7
Explanation

STPM

tertiary alcohol is produced. Remember: The CMg and CLi bonds are very polar. When either the CMg or the CCl bonds undergoes fission, the carbon acts as a nucleophile 46 A To form a diazonium salt, nitric(III) acid must react with a primary aromatic amine solution at a temperature of 0 5C. 2-methylphenylamine, is a primary aromatic amine. Going down group 2, the size of the cation increases causing the polarizing power to decrease. Statement 2 only indicates that the oxides are more stable than the carbonates. It does not explain about the stability trend of the carbonates. Zn(OH)2 and Cu(OH)2 are soluble in excess ammonia.

47

48 49 50

C B B

Mol ratio of Ni : N : H = 13.98/59 : 13.27/14 : 2.79/1 = 0.236 : 0.947 : 3.79 = 1 : 4 : 16 :. Ratio of H2 : N = 8 : 4 = 2 : 1 The complex does not contain polydentate ligands. Hence, it cannot exhibits optical isomerism.

Marking scheme OTI 22009

8
STPM CHEMISTRY OTI 2 2009/TRIAL EXAM

MARKING SCHEME PAPER 2 SECTION A ( Structured Question ) QUESTION SUGGESTED ANSWERS NO The element X contains isotopes. 1(a)(i) 1(a)(ii) Lets the percentage abundance of Percentage abundance of 79.99 = X = 50.5 Percentage abundance of isotopes 79X = 50.5% Percentage abundance of isotopes 81X = 49.5% 1(a)(iii) Abundance(%)
50.5 49.5
81 79

SUGGESTED MARKS 1 1 or 1 1

X = x%

X = (100-x)%

1 Any 2

Axis labeled and unit 1

Draw a correct peak 1 79 1(b)(i) At low pressure, the molecules are far apart , so repulsive forces among the molecules of CO2 1(b)(ii) 1(b)(iii) Forces of repulsion between the H2 gas molecules which causes the speed of H2 molecule collision with the vessel wall to increase. So the pressure of H2 is higher, causing > 1 (positive deviation) Total 1 1 Positive deviation 1 1 1 80 81 m/e

10

9
QUESTION SUGGESTED ANSWERS NO Zn(s) + 2Ag + (aq) Zn 2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) 2 (a) (i) 2 (a) (ii) Half cell reaction Zn2+(aq) + 2e Zn(s) 2Ag+ (aq) + 2e 2Ag(s) Zn(s) + 2Ag+ (aq) Zn2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) E.m.f. of cell = 0.80 + 0.76 = 1.56 V Ecell Eceii - 0.059 log [Zn2+] 2 [Ag]2 E0/V -0.76 +0.8 SUGGESTED MARKS 1

1 1 1

2 (a) (iii)

2 (b) (i)

5 For every single level energy shown,one mark will be given

Latice energy CaS(s)

2 (b) (ii)

-487 = 178 + 279 + (590 + 1150) + 337 + Lattice energy Lattice energy = -3021 kJ mol-1 Total 1+1 10

3 (a) (i) 3 (a) (ii) 3 (b) 3 (c)

CH3COCl + CH3CH2CH2OH CH3COO CH2CH2CH3 + HCl Propyl ethanoate CH3COCl + C6H5NH2 CH3CONH C6H5 + HCl N-phenyl ethanamide CH3COOH + C6H5NH2

Heat with dilute sulphuric acid. CH3CONH C6H5 + H2O

1 1 1 1 1

3 (d) (i) 3 (d) (ii)

Structural formulae of the products : HOCH2CHOH and NaOOCCH2COONa CH3 Heat 2-hydroxybenzoic acid with ethanoyl chloride. X is aspirin. It is an analgesic. Total

1+1 1 1 1
10

10
QUESTION NO 4 (a) (i) 4 (a) (ii) 4 (b) SUGGESTED ANSWERS Dinitrogen oxide, N2O NH4NO3(s) N2O(g) + 2H2O(l) SUGGESTED MARKS 1 1

Melting point of oxides

Na Mg Al Si P S Explanation: Na2O and MgO, ionic with strong electrostatic forces;Al2O3, ionic with Covalent character; SiO2 macromolecular with high melting point; Oxides of P and S,simples molecules 4 (c) (i)

1 1 1 1

4 (c) (ii)

3d electrons absorb energy in the visible wavelengths except the green wavelength which it reflects and jump to the higher set of vacant 3d orbitals. Therefore, Cr3+ ions appear green.

1+1

Total

10

11
QUESTION SUGGESTED ANSWERS NO The hydrogen emission spectrum consist of discrete lines 5(a) whereas the spectrum produced by the tungsten filament bulb is a continuos spectrum. 1s,2s,2px,2py 5(b) The difference between 1s and 2s is that the size of 2s is bigger than 1s. or The difference between 2s and 2p is that 2s is spherical but that 2p is dumb-bell shape. SUGGESTED MARKS 1 1 1 1 or 1 Max 2 ... 1

5(c) (i)

Hund`s rule: When electrons are placed in a set of orbital with equal energies, the electrons must occupy them singly with parallel spin before they can occupy the orbital in pairs. Pauli exclusion principle: Each orbital can only be filled with two electrons with opposite spins. Aubau principle: Electrons occupy orbitals in order of the energy levels of the orbitals. Orbitals with the lowest energy are always occupied first.

5(c) (ii)

Number of electrons in O2- ion = 8+2=10 Step 1: Apply Pauli exclusion principle and Aufbau principle.Fill 1s orbital with two electrons.

1 1s 2s 2p Step 2:Fill 2s orbital with two electrons 1

1s 2s 2p Step 3: Apply Hund`s rule. Fill 2px,and 2py orbitals wih three electrons. The electrons must be in parallel spins.

1s 2s 2p Step 4: Fill the remaining three electrons in 2px,2py and 2pz orbitals . Each pair of electrons must be in parallel spins.

1s

2s

2p

1 Describe or show the filling using a diagram Any 3

12
QUESTION SUGGESTED ANSWERS NO Atomic radius is defined as half the distance between the nuclei of two 5(d) (i) closest and identical atoms. 5(d) (ii) When across a period(from lithium to neon), atomic radius decreases. Because the nuclear charge increases(number of protons) But the screening effect remains almost constant as the number of shells remain the same. The attraction of the valence electrons by the nucleus increases. Total 6 (a) NH3 Valence electron, N : 5e 3H : 3e ------------8e ------------SUGGESTED MARKS 1

1 1 1 1

15

3 bond pair, 1 lone pair

.. N Or
107
0

trigonal pyramidal

Draw or state the shape 1

NH4+ Valence electron, N : 5e 4H : 4e Positive charge : -1e (less 1 electron) ------------8e --------------

4 bond pair, no lone pair

+ H

N
109.5)

Or

tetrahedral Draw or state the shape 1

The bond angle of NH3 is 1070 wheares the bond angle of NH4+

Any 4

13
QUESTION NO H2O 6 (b) (i) SUGGESTED ANSWERS H(1 s) SUGGESTED MARKS

Overlapping 1
sp3 orbitals

O
.. H(1 s)

label 1

6 (b) (ii)
C2H4

H(1s)

H(1s) Overlapping 1

H(1s) C 6 (c) C

H(1s)

label 1

Boiling point of H2O is higher than HF because each HF molecule forms 2 intermolecular hydrogen bonds compared to 4 intermolecular hydrogen bonds formed by each H2O molecule. Volume of KMnO4

1 1

6 (d) (i)

Label the axis and unit 1

40 Plot the graph 1+1 30 Indicate on the graph t1/2 1 10 t1/2= 13.5 t1/2= 13.5

20

10

20

30

t/min

From the graph, the half- life of the reaction is 13.5 minutes.

14
QUESTION SUGGESTED ANSWERS NO From the graph, half life doesnot depend on the concentration of 6 (d) (ii) hydrogen peroxide. Thus, the reaction is first order. 7(a) 7(b)(i) Total When an equilibrium is disturbed then equilibrium will shift in the direction that will reduce the effect of the disturbance. Yield of NO decreases. When pressure is increased, equilibrium will shift to the left because the backward reaction will reduce the number of gaseous molecules. Value of Kc increases. The forward reaction is exothermic, the Kc value decreases with increase in temperature. Let x be the number of mol of NO produced Total number of moles at equilibrium = 0.40 x + 0.50 1.25x + x + 1.5x or x = 30 % 0.4 x + 0.5 1.25x + x + 1.5x x =0.29 mol SUGGESTED MARKS

1 15
2m 1m 1m

7(b)(ii)

1m 1m

7(c)

1m

1m

7(d)

(ii) [A] Rat

(ii) ]

0 7(e)(i)
1 1 = kt + [A] [A]0

[A
1m

k=
7(e)(ii)
1

12.0 2.0 = 0.40 mol1 dm3 min1 25

= 2.0

1m

[A]0

[A]0 = 0.50 mol dm3 A + A M M 2B

1m

7(f)

slow step fast step

1m 1m

Total

15

15
QUESTION SUGGESTED ANSWERS NO Boiling point of tetrachlorides increases down the group 8 (a) All the tetrachlorides are non-polar and are simple molecules. Molecular size increases from top to bottom. SUGGESTED MARKS 1 1 1 1 1 1

Strength of van der Waals forces increases down the group.

8 (b) SiC14 undergoes hydrolysis whereas CCI4 does not. This is because the Si atom has empty d orbitals which can be attacked by lone pair electrons from water molecules. The product of hydrolysis is silicon(IV) oxide and hydrochloric acid.

1 1

, C atom in tetrachioromethane does not contain empty d orbitals, hence does not undergo hydrolysis.
8 (c) (i) Semiconductor Semimetal, electrical conductivity increases when temperature is raised. Ceramic The SiO covalent bond in the giant covalent network is strong. In fire extinguishers. Does not support combustion 8 (d) An aluminium factory has to be located near a port so that the raw material, bauxite ore, can be easily transported to it. This will reduce cost. As the electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide involves the use of a large amount of electricity, the aluminium factory must be located close to a hydroelectric dam for a supply of cheap electricity. These two factors can help to reduce the cost of producing aluminium. One bad effect on the environment caused by the extraction of aluminium is the release of poisonous hydrogen fluoride and fluorine gas into the air, which are formed during electrolysis of a mixture of aluminium oxide and cryolite. 1

1 1

1 1

Total

15

16
QUESTION NO 9(a) CH3-CH=CH-CH3 CH3- CH- CH2-CH3 2m Cl SUGGESTED ANSWERS SUGGESTED MARKS

9(b)

A: CH3CH2Cl B : CH3CH2OH C : CH2=CH2

D : CH2Br- CH2Br E : CH2OH CH2OH 5m

9(c)

Ethanolic KOH

1m

9(d)

monomer for polyester

1m

9 (e)

- heat with ethanolic silver nitrate 1-iodohexane : yellow precipitate of AgI 1- chlorohexane : white precipitate of AgCl - heat with ethanolic silver nitrate Chlorocyclohexane : white precipitate Chlorobenzene : no precipitate - add acidified KMnO4 1- chloro-1- butane : decolourisation of KMnO4 1- chlorobutane : KMnO4 solution is not decolourised. Total

1+1

1+ 1

1+ 1

15

17
QUESTION SUGGESTED ANSWERS NO Tetrahydroisoquinoline is the stronger base. In tetrahydroquinoline, the 10 (a) unshared electron pair is delocalised into the aromatic ring, making it less available to accept a proton, whereas tetrahydroisoquinoline resembles an alkylamine. 10 (b) 3,4-Difluorophenylamine is a weaker base than phenylamine because the two F atoms are electron-withdrawing and they reduce the availability of the lone pair of electrons on the N atom to accept a proton. An ethyl group, CH3CH2 is transferred from triethylaluminium to titanium(IV) chloride to produce a complex, SUGGESTED MARKS 1 1

1 1

10 (c)

Ethene molecules act as Lewis bases and are bonded to titanium which has vacant d orbitals. These ethene monomers are inserted between the titanium and the ethyl group to form a polymer.

1 1

The process is terminated when a hydrogen atom is added to a titanium atom, and the poly(ethene) chain is separated from titanium. 10 (d) The poly(ethene) polymer formed by the addition polymerisation process using the Ziegler-Natta catalyst is a linear polymer and of high density and high melting point. Proteins and polypeptides.

1 1+1

10 (e)

Nylon has peptide linkages, CONH, which are also found in proteins and polypeptides.
Total

1 1

15