Ask The Experts 1.

1. if 2. 3. if 4. Unequal numbers are H.P. if and only if in A.P. (This A.P. is called A.P. corresponding to H.P. or simply corresponding A.P.) Note : No term of G.P. or H.P. can be zero. are , an are in G.P. if and only , an are said to be in A.P.. If and only

5.

6. 7. 8. 9.

Equal non-zero numbers are in A.P., and G.P. both but they are not in H.P.

10. Common ratio of a G.P. cannot be zero.

2. 0. 1. For A. P.:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 2. 3. For G.P.:

0. 1.

2. 3. 4. Sum of infinite terms of a G.P., , where - 1 < r < 1.

5. 6. 7. term of an H.P.

3. 0. 1. c.d. of A.P. , where a= first term of A.P., b=last term of A.P. and n=number of term of

2. 3.

c.r. of terms of G.P.

, where a = first term of G.P., b = last term of G.P. and n = number of

4.

c.d. of A.P. corresponding to H.P. , where a = first term of H.P., b = last term of H.P. and n = number of terms of H.P.

4. 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 5. 0. 1. If be n A.M's inserted between a and b, then A > G > H provided a and b are positive. Harmonic Mean, H between two numbers a and b is given by Geometric Mean, G between two positive numbers a an b is given by between two positive numbers a and are in G.P. G is the G.M. Arithmetic Mean, A between two numbers a and b is given by A = (a + b)/2 A is the A.M. between a and are in A.P.

0. 1. 2. 3. 4.

are in A.P.

number of terms of A. P. = n + 2

c.d of this

5. 6. 7. term of A.P.

8. 9.

sum of n A.M.'s between a and b

Explanation:

2. 3.

If

be n G.M's inserted between a and b, (a, b > 0), then

0. 1. 2. 3.

are in G.P.

number of term of G.P. = N + 2

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

c.r. of

kth

term of G.P.

Product of n G.M's between a and

Explanation:

4.

If 0. 1. 2. 3.

be the n H.M's between a and b, then

number of term of H.P. = n + 2

4. 5.

c.d. of corresponding A.P.

6.

term of H.P.

6.

If

,an are in A.P. and G.P. both, then

Unequal number cannot be both in A.P. and G.O. at a time. Explanation:Let be in A.P. and G.P., then

and

From From (i) Thus, Similarly if are in A.P. and G.P., then are in A.P. and G.P.

Again

are in A.P. and G.P.

Thus Proceeding in this way, we will get

7.

Properties of

1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6.

8.

0.

Odd number of numbers in A.P. whose sum is known may be taken as go on go on

1.

2.

Even number of numbers in A.P. whose sum is known may be taken as

go on 3.

go on

4.

When sum is given: 1. Three numbers in A.P. may be taken as 2. 3. Four numbers in A.P. may be taken as Five numbers in A.P. may be taken as

5.

Odd number of numbers in G.P. whose product is known may be taken as go on go on

6.

7.

Even number of numbers in G.P. whose product is known may be taken as

go on 8.

go on

9.

When product is given: 1. 2. 3. 9. Three numbers in G.P. may be taken as Four numbers in G.P. may be taken as Five numbers in G.P. may be taken as

0.

For A.P. : 1. go on adding go on subtracting d is an A.P. whose first term is a, last term is b and common difference is d.

2.

Sum of equidistant terms from beginning and end = constant = a + b = first term + last term If the same number is added to or subtracted from all the terms of an A.P., then the resulting sequence is also an A.P. with the same common difference as before. If all the terms of an A.P. with common difference d be multiplied (or divided) by the same number k, then the resulting sequence is also an A.P. with common difference

3.

4.

1. 1. A sequence is an A.P. iff its nth term is of the form an + b, where a, b are constants. The common difference of this A.P. is a (coefficient of n.) A sequence is an A.P. iff the sum of its first n terms is of the form , where a, b, c are constants. The common difference of this A.P. is 2a (two times the coefficient of )

2.

2.

For G.P. : 1.

go on multiplying by r go on dividing by r is a G.P. whose first term is a, last term is b and common ratio is r The product of equidistant terms from the beginning and the end =constant=ab =first terms * last term

2.

10. Sum of different types of series: If all the terms of a G.P. with common ratio r be multiplied (or divided) by the same number k then the resulting sequence is also a G.P. having common ratio

0.

When difference of terms of a series are in A.P. or G.P. terms] and terms of the series formed by difference of

1.

To find the sum of n terms of a series whose Write down

term

Put 2.

and add.

Sum of arithmetico-geometric series Let geometric series be the given arithmetico-

Let then Subtracting (2) from (1)

where 11. 0. If an A.P. and an H.P. have the same first term a, the same last term b and the same number of terms, then any term ( term) of A.P. from beginning corresponding term ( term) of H.P. from end

Explanation Required product .

1.

2.

If from three numbers in H.P., half the middle term is subtracted, the resulting numbers are in G.P. Thus if a, b, c are in H.P., then are in H.P. Explanation:

3.

4.

If

are in H.P., then

Explanation:

Add and put

12. Inequality:

0.

A.M., G.M., and H.M. of n positive numbers ,

are given by

1.

2.

, equality holds only when This result should be used when

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

All the numbers involved are positive.

Inequality occurs or maximum or minimum value is to be involved

Any two of sum of numbers, product of numbers and sum of reciprocals are to be involved.