Past & Present ?!

(present perfect with FOR and SINCE)

To ask and answer about when a routine started, we use the present perfect with How long (=Cunto tiempo/ Desde cundo), for (=desde hace) + a period of time and since (=desde) + a particular moment. Example: How long have you been learning Italian? I have studied Italian for over a year now. How long has your sister been married? She has been married since she was 20. THE PROBLEM with Present Perfect is it sometimes refers to the past (I have been to Italy = I was there in the past) and it sometimes refers to the past and the present at the same time (I have lived here for 2 years = I still live here). ROLE-PLAY the following dialogue models to practise that difference. Then answer these questions: 1. Which adverbs accompany Present Perfect to give a past meaning? 2. Which adverbs accompany Present Perfect to give a present meaning? 3. Whats Spanish for YET, ALREADY, JUST and EVER, NEVER and ALWAYS? 4. Whats Spanish for HOW LONG, FOR, SINCE, SO FAR, EVER SINCE and LATELY? A) Have you ever B) Yes, I have first A) Oh, have you ? When did you last first B) I last What Where How etc 2 (...) (...) ago when (...) in(...) / on(...) / at(...) 1 (...) ? 3 (...) ? 3 (...) (=end of dialogue)

* No, I have never

A) Oh, did you? B) I 2 (...)

did you

(...) ?

Example: A) Have you ever eaten raw fish? B) Yes, I have. A) Oh, have you? When did you first eat it? B) I first ate it when I was in Japan. A) Oh, did you? When did you visit Japan? B) I went there last Christmas

Sushi (Japanese raw fish dish) ...

EXERCISE: answer these questions (tell the truth!) In pairs, try to write a long dialogue. Use Past Simple, (I did), Present Perfect Simple (I have done) or Present Perfect Continuous (I have been doing).

1.
2.

Have you ever been abroad? BE WAS / WERE BEEN; TRAVEL(LED) Have you ever broken a mirror? Have you ever caught a snake? Have you ever dreamt of monsters? Have you ever eaten crepes? Have you ever found some money on the street? FIND-FOUND-FOUND Have you ever gone fishing? Have you ever had an operation? Have you ever hit somebody?

3.
4. 5.

6.
7. 8. 9.

10. Have you ever kissed a dog? 11. Have you ever let your hair down?

12. 13. 14. 15.

Have you ever ridden a horse? Have you ever seen a UFO? SEE-SAW-SEEN Have you ever sent a telegram? SEND-SENT-SENT Have you ever spoken to a celebrity? SPEAK-SPOKE-SPOKEN

16. Have you ever stolen something? 17. Have you ever swum in a river? 18. Have you ever taken a bath or shower after lunch? 19. Have you ever won a lottery prize? 20. Have you ever written a poem?

PRACTICE THIS DIALOGUE A) Have you 3 (...) yet? 3 (...) yet 3 (...)

No, I haven't B)

Yes, I have already

Examples: A) Have you done your homework yet? B) Yes, I have already done my homework. A) And have you walked the dog yet? B) No, I have not done that yet. A) Have you finished school yet? B) No, I havent finished school yet A) Have you finished todays classes yet?

B) Yes, I have already finished todays classes

PRACTICE THIS DIALOGUE What most (...) Who is the (...)est N (that) you have ever 3 etc etc most (...) B) The (...)est N (that) I've ever 3 (...) is / was (...) etc Example: A) What's the worst joke that you have ever heard? B) The worst jokes that I've ever heard are the ones you tell! A) PRACTICE THIS DIALOGUE A) How long have you B) I have 3 3 (...)? (...)?

(...) since (...) 3 (...) for (...) 3 (...) for (...)

A) So you have

B) Yes, that's right / No, that's not correct; I have

Example: A) How long have you had your computer? B) I've had it since last Christmas. A) So youve had it for two months now. B) Mmm..., Whats today, the first of March?...Yes, that's right. EXERCISE: answer these questions (tell the truth!) In pairs, try to write a long dialogue. Verbs to use (write the three forms): walk talk go live know speak have be

1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.

How long have you walked? How long have you talked? How long have you gone to school? How long have you lived at your present address? How long have you known your teacher? How long have you spoken English? How long have had your computer / video game

console?

7.
4

How long have you been sitting here?

Ive been sitting here since I was a child (Rip Van Winkle)

IRREGULAR VERB LIST. The colours will help you memorise. be bear beat become begin bend bet bite bleed blow break bring build burn buy catch choose come cost cut deal dig do draw drink drive eat fall feed feel fight find fly forbid forget forgive freeze get give go grow hang have hear hide hit let hold hurt keep 6 was/were bore beat became began bent bet bit bled blew broke brought built burnt bought caught chose came cost cut dealt dug did drew drank drove ate fell fed felt fought found flew forbade forgot forgave froze got gave went grew hung had heard hid hit let held hurt kept been born(e) beaten become begun bent bet bitten bled blown broken brought built burnt bought caught chosen come cost cut dealt dug done drawn drunk driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found flown forbidden forgotten forgiven frozen got/gotten given gone grown hung had heard hidden hit let held hurt kept pay put read ride ring rise run say see sell send set shake shine shoot show shut sing sink sit sleep speak spend split spread stand steal stick sweep swim take teach tear tell think throw wake wear win write know lay lead leave lend light lose make mean knew laid led left lent lit lit lost made meant meet paid put read rode rang rose ran said saw sold sent set shook shone shot showed shut sang sank sat slept spoke spent split spread stood stole stuck swept swam took taught tore told thought threw woke wore won wrote known laid led left lent lost made meant met met paid put read ridden rung risen run said seen sold sent set shaken shone shot shown shut sung sunk sat slept spoken spent split spread stood stolen stuck swept swum taken taught torn told thought thrown woken worn won written

acompaantes habituales del PRESENT PERFECT

TRADUCCIN TIPO DE FRASE POSICIN

YA YET

interrogativa Have you finished yet? siempre al final de la frase

AN, TODAVA

negativa

No, I havent finished yet AN, TODAVA negativa (nfasis) depende del hablante

STILL

I still dont know the answer I still havent found what Im looking for AN, TODAVA interrogativa

Are you still having fun? Will you still love me tomorrow? YA ALREADY YA afirmativa Yes, I have already finished interrogativas (nfasis)

la normal para los adverbios

la normal para los adverbios

Are you already back? Its very early! YA NO NO LONGER / ANY LONGER ( = NO MORE / ANY MORE) afirmativa e interrogativa (verbo afirmativo)

depende del hablante

I no longer love you, said Juliet Do you no more love me?, said Romeo YA NO negativa e interrogativanegativa (verbo negativo)

la normal para los adverbios

Well, said Romeo, I dont love you any more Dont you love me any longer?, repeated Juliet JUST HACE UN MOMENTO I have just finished DESDE HACE FOR todas afirmativas

al final de la frase

la normal para los adverbios

Have you been waiting for a long time? No, I havent been waiting for a long time, Ive only been waiting for two hours! DESDE todas

al final de la frase

SINCE

Have you been waiting since 2 oclock? No, I havent been waiting since 2 oclock, Ive only been waiting since half past one! ALGUNA VEZ

al final de la frase

interrogativas

EVER

Have you ever been abroad?

NUNCA, JAMS

la normal para los adverbios la normal para los adverbios

afirmativas

This is the best film Ive ever seen!

EXERCISE 1. Fill in the gaps with yet, still or already:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The postman has . been. Jane hasnt picked up the letters . . They are . lying on the mat. Alices taxi is . waiting in front of her house. Alice isnt ready . . She is . In the bath. Have you had lunch . ? No, Im . working. What about you? Ive . eaten. Peter and Ann are both 19. Ann is . at school. Peter is . married. He hasnt got any children . . Jake is nearly 40, but he . plays football every Saturday. His son Andy is not 15 . , but he is . a good footballer, too. EXERCISE 2. Fill in the gaps with for or since:

1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3.
4.

Weve been fishing .............................. two hours. Theyve lived in France .............................. 1967. Ive known that .............................. a long time. Ive had this car .............................. over three years.

EXERCISE 3. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect or the Simple Past form: He (LIVE) .............................. in London for two years and then (GO) .............................. to Edinburgh.

You (WEAR) .............................. your hair long when you were at school? Yes, my mother (INSIST) .............................. on it, but when I (LEAVE) .............................. school I (CUT) .............................. my hair and (WEAR) .............................. it short ever since. My bother (WRITE) .............................. several plays. He (JUST FINISH) .............................. his second tragedy. I (NOT SEE) him for three years. I wonder where he is. He (NOT SMOKE) .............................. for two weeks. He is trying to give it up. .............................. you (LOCK) .............................. the door before you left the house this morning?

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
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I (READ) .............................. these books when I was at school and I (ENJOY) .............................. them very much. I cant go out because I (NOT FINISH) .............................. my work. I (NEVER DRINK) .............................. whisky, but Ill have some now. Here are your shoes, I (JUST CLEAN) .............................. them.

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

The actors (ARRIVE) .............................. yesterday and (START) .............................. rehearsals early this morning. It (BE) .............................. very cold this year. I wonder when its going to get warmer. We (MISS) .............................. the bus and now well have to walk.

He (BREAK) .............................. his leg in a skiing accident last year. Its the second time he (BREAK) .............................. the same leg! I (LIVE) .............................. here all my life.

Simple (She has waited) or Continuous (She has been waiting )?

The difference, although small, will help you use your English in a more accurate way: Present perfect simple Ive visited India on 2 occasions Ive never seen such a thing! Ive looked for you everywhere! I have lived here (for) all my life I have worked since I was 20 Shes known us for ages Theyve been here since 3 I have always liked animals Present perfect continuous Ive been visiting India twice Ive never been seeing that! I have been looking for you book all day! I have been living here for 2 weeks Ive been working on it for 3 hours She has been knowing us for a long time Theyve been being here since 3 I have liked tea since last summer only past

past & present

stative verbs

So whats the rule? Can you see the difference between a long-time habit and a recent one? Ive jogged since I was a child = Ive been jogging for a few months? EXERCISE: Choose the right tense, Present Perfect Simple (I have done) or Present Perfect Continuous (I have been doing). 1. I have lost / have been losing my key; can you help me look for it? 2. You look tired; have you worked / have you been working hard lately? 3. Look! Somebody has broken / has been breaking that lamp post! 4. I have read / have been reading the book you lent me, but I havent finished / havent been finishing it yet. 5. I have waited / have been waiting for you all afternoon! Where have you been / have you been being?

1. I have cleaned / have been cleaning the windows; so far I have cleaned / have been cleaning half
of them. 7. Theres a strange smell in the kitchen; have you cooked / have you been cooking something? 8. My brother is a translator. He has translated / has been translating 4 books so far. 9. I have travelled / have been travelling ever since I started my new job. So far, I have visited / have been visiting 20 countries. 10. Jim has played / has been playing tennis since he was a child. He has just won / has just been winning his first championship. 11. I have driven / have been driving since the age of 18. I have had / have been having 4 different cars. 12. How long have you worked / have you been working for me?

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How long have(nt) you _ _ _ (. . .) ? for . . . I have(nt) _ _ _ (. . .) since. . .

How long have you waited? How long havent you slept? Ive been waiting for half an hour! I havent slept at all in days.

is it How long has it been How long is it since we last saw each other? How long has it been since he left? It is . . . since I (last / first) _ _ _ (. . .) It has been Its been at least 2 months since we last met. Its now 12 hours since then! How long ago did you When _ _ _ (. . . ) for the first / last time? When did you swim for the last time? How long ago did you first speak English? (first / last) _ _ _ (. . .) I _ _ _ (. . . ) for the 1st / last time in. . . / on. . . / at. . . last. . . / when. . . / before. . . . . . ago I spoke English for the 1st time in September. I last swam in the sea a long time ago. (first / last) _ _ _ (. . . ) ? since you (last / first) _ _ _ (. . .) ?

When was the first / last time (that) you _ _ _ (. . .) ? When was the last time you checked the oil? When was the last time you rode a horse? The first / last time that I _ _ _ (. . . ) was in. . . / on. . . / at. . . last... / when... / before... . . . ago I cant recall the last time I did that. The last time I rode I was still at school!

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1 = basic form of the verb

2= past form of the verb

3= past participle form of the verb

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